A Balanced Introduction to Computer Science 3rd edition David Reed - Solutions

A disadvantage of machine languages is that they are machine dependent. That is, each machine language is specific to a particular computer, and different computers require different machine languages. Describe why this is the case?
Describe two advantages of high-level language programming over machine-language programming?
What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter? What characteristics of an interpreter make it better suited for executing JavaScript programs?
1. TRUE or FALSE? An algorithm is a step-by-step sequence of instructions for carrying out some task. 2. TRUE or FALSE? A sequence of instructions for assembling a bookcase does not qualify as an "algorithm" since the instructions are not written in formal, mathematical notation. 3. TRUE or FALSE?
Enter the esp1.html text from Figure 9.2 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described. Test your ESP potential by repeatedly loading the page and trying to guess a number between 1 and 4. Out of 20 tests, how many times did you guess correctly? Do
Similarly, modify your dice.html page from Exercise 7.11 so that it utilizes the random.js library. Again, you will need to load the random.js library using SCRIPT tags, then call the RandomInt function to generate a random die roll. Verify that your modified page behaves as before?
Create a Web page named randSeq.html that generates a random 3-letter sequence. When the user clicks on a button, a function named GenerateSequence should be called to generate and display a sequence of 3 randomly chosen letters. The function should contain the following statement, which calls the
Modify your randSeq.html function so that the possible characters that make up the random sequence are specified by the user. Your modified page should have a text box where the user can enter the possible characters. The GenerateSequence function should access the text box and use its contents as
Modify your slides.html page so that it uses the RandomOneOf function to select from a list of files, at least some of which are stored remotely on the Web?
Create a Web page named magic.html that simulates the functionality of a Magic 8 Ball. Your page should look similar to the one in Figure 9.10, with a text box for entering a yes-or-no question, and a clickable 8-ball image (a simple one is provided in balance3e.com/Images/8ball.gif). When the
Create a Web page named bus.html can be used to display verses of "The Wheels on the Bus." Similar to the oldmac.html page from Exercise 9.3, your page should define a function named BusVerse that has two parameters, representing the bus part and action. The page should contain a page division and
Create a library file named income.js that contains the definition of the IncomeTax function from Figure 9.10. Then, create a Web page named taxes.html that loads the income.js library and uses the IncomeTax function to calculate and display a person's income tax. The page should have text boxes
Create a library file named weather.js that contains the definitions of your dew point and wind chill functions. Then, create a Web page named indexes.html that has text boxes where the user can enter the temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The page should load the weather.js library and call
Modify your pick4.html page (from Exercise 7.7) to utilize the RandomInt function from the random.js library. That is, each random lottery number should be simulated by an appropriate call to the RandomInt function. Verify that your modified page behaves as before?
Modify your randSeq.html page (from Exercise 9.12) so that it instead generates random 4-letter sequences. When the user clicks on a button, the GenerateSequence function should be called to generate and display a sequence of 4 randomly chosen letters.Use your modified page to generate 4-letter
Enter the esp2.html text from Figure 9.4 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Add a fifth button to the page so that the user can select a number between 1 and 5. How does adding the extra button affect the likelihood of guessing correctly?
Enter the clock.html text from Figure 9.12 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.As is, your clock.html page displays a single time - the clock time when the page was loaded. Modifying this page so that it displays a dynamic, running clock is
Create a Web page named until.html that calculates and displays the amount of time remaining until a specified date and time. The page should have a text box where the user can enter a date and time in the format "Month Day, Year hour:minutes:seconds". For example, noon on January 1, 2020 would be
Modify your until.html page so that it serves as a countdown clock, regularly updating the time interval in the page. Instead of a button, the BODY of the page should have an ONLOAD attribute to initiate the countdown clock. Similar to the modified clock.html page from Exercise 9.10, the ONLOAD
Create a Web page named oldmac.html that defines the OldMacVerse function within SCRIPT tags in the HEAD. Your page should have a page division named outputDiv and at least three buttons, each of which calls the OldMacVerse function with appropriate inputs. For example, a button labeled "Pig Verse"
What would you expect to happen as a result of the following call?OldMacVerse('baa', 'sheep')Modify your oldmac.html page to include a button with this call, then load the page and verify your prediction?
As it is currently written, each call to the OldMacVerse function displays a new verse in the page division, overwriting any previous verse that may have been displayed. If we instead wanted each new verse to be appended to the previous verses, only a small change is necessary. In general, an
Enter the InchesToCentimeters and CentimetersToInches functions from Figure 9.7 in a text file named convert.js. Then enter the text from Figure 9.8 into a new Web page (in the same location) and verify that it behaves as described.Once you have done this, modify the page so that it can also
Add four new functions to your convert.js library file that convert between pounds and kilograms, and also between square feet and square meters. Note that:1 kilogram = 2.205 pounds1 square meter = 10.764 square feetOnce you have done this, modify your metric.html page so that the user can convert
The Mosteller Formula is often used by doctors and dieticians to estimate the surface area of a person's body given their height and weight. The formula is as follows, where height is assumed to be in centimeters, weight is in kilograms, and surface area is in square meters:Create a Web page named
Modify your esp2.html page from Figure 9.4 so that it utilizes the random.js library. You will need to add SCRIPT tags to the HEAD of your page so that it loads the library:Then, modify line 16 so that it calls the RandomInt function to pick the random number for the ESP test. Verify that your
1. TRUE or FALSE? The discipline of computer science is solely concerned with the design and development of computational machines. 2. TRUE or FALSE? Unlike in the natural sciences (such as physics and biology), the systems that computer scientists investigate are largely artificial (e.g.,
Describe at least two similarities between computer science and natural sciences such as physics, biology, and chemistry? Describe at least two differences.
Alan Turing is considered one of computer science's founding fathers. Describe two of his contributions to the discipline, and explain the importance of those contributions?
Encrypt the message "Beware the Ides of March" using the Caesar encryption algorithm. Recall that the Caesar algorithm encodes each individual letter by replacing it with the letter three positions later in the alphabet?
The following encoded text was created using Caesar's encryption algorithm: "Brx jrw lw". Decode this message by performing the reverse translation, replacing each letter in the code with the letter three positions earlier?
Using public-key encryption, the sender and recipient of a message do not need to agree on a shared secret key before initiating secure communications. How is this possible? That is, how can the sender, using publicly available information, encode a message that can be decoded only by the intended
Describe the fundamentals of parallel processing and explain how they are implemented in Deep Blue, the first computer to defeat a world chess champion in a tournament setting?
What does it mean for an operating system to support multitasking? How is multitasking different from time sharing?
Describe one possible danger of accessing the Internet over a wireless connection, such as WiFi or 3G. How can this danger be reduced?
Describe the individual steps that make up the software life cycle. What is the life cycle's significance in relation to the software engineering process?
Describe three different ways in which computer technology is contributing to research in the biological sciences?
Many diseases have genetic causes, which can be traced to mutations in a particular gene. Visit the NCBI Web site (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and search through the online resources to find two such diseases. Identify the diseases and the genetic mutations that have been associated with those diseases?
Software piracy, the unauthorized copying of software without payment to the legal owner, is a growing problem worldwide. Suppose that you are offered a chance to copy a friend's disk containing copyrighted software. What portions of the ACM Code of Ethics would address this situation? According to
Imagine that you are working for a software company, writing a program that will control air traffic at major airports. Management is pressuring you to complete the program on schedule, but you know that remaining bugs in the software might cause the program to fail under certain circumstances.
Enter the ifdemo.html text from Figure 11.3 into a new Web page. Load this page, then describe how it behaves when you enter various grades in the text box.Once you have done this, modify the page by replacing the if statement in the ShowMessage function with the third if statement example from
Enter the slots.html text from Figure 11.10 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Modify your page so that it simulates a slot machine, with the player's credits displayed in a text span in the page. When the game begins, the number of credits
As is, your page does not recognize when a player has run out of money. It is possible for the user to play your slots game even after the number of credits becomes zero, and the credits can become negative as a result. Any smart casino owner would put a stop to this immediately. Add code to
In a real slot machine, the player always has the option of adding more credits to the machine and continuing play indefinitely (or until they go completely broke). Add an additional button to your page labeled "Add 20 credits". When the user clicks this button, 20 credits should be added to the
Consider the following code segment containing a nested if-else statement:if (x >= y) {if (x*10 < 100) {alert('ONE');}else {alert('TWO');}}else {alert('THREE');}Given the following assignments, predict the behavior of the preceding code?x = 0; y = -5; x = 9; y = 9; x = 22; y = 21;
Consider the following code segment containing an if-else statement:if (x > y) {y = x;}else if (x == y) {x = 100;}alert('x = ' + x + ', y = ' + y);Given the following assignments, predict the output that the preceding code would produce:
Create a Web page named classify.html that reads in a number entered by the user and then determines whether that number is positive, negative, or zero. The page should contain a text box in which the user can enter the number and a button for initiating the analysis. When the user inputs the
Imagine that variables roll1, roll2, and roll3 represent three die rolls (each storing a value between 1 and 6). Examine the following Boolean expressions, then describe in English the condition that each represents.(roll1 == 1 && roll2 == 1)((roll1 + roll2 == 11) || (roll1 + roll2 ==
Modify the DewPoint and WindChill functions in weather.js to implement these more robust definitions. In particular, both functions should return NaN if called with invalid inputs, and the WindChill function should be updated to handle calm winds. Test your modified functions in your indexes.html
Augment your indexes.html page so that in addition to displaying the wind chill index when the user clicks the button, it also displays a health warning message when appropriate. For example, Figure 11.13 shows the appearance of the page when the wind chill reaches the Danger category (≤ -45º)?
Design and implement a Web page named esp.html that allows the user to conduct an ESP test. Your page should look something like the one in Figure 11.14. The rectangle containing a question mark represents the back of a card that is associated with a particular shape. After contemplating which
In Chapter 9, you created a magic.html page that simulated the behavior of a Magic 8-Ball. As written, your page completely ignores the user's question while randomly selecting from a list of possible responses. Modify your page so that it is less obvious that the entered questions are irrelevant
Using your esp.html page, test yourself for ESP. After 10 guesses, what is your percentage of correct guesses? After 20 guesses? After 50 guesses? How compelling do you find these percentages to be in deciding whether you have ESP? Justify your answer.
Design and implement a Web page named dotrace.html that allows the user to simulate a race between two dots. Your page should look something like the one in Figure 11.15. The length of the race (i.e., the goal distance) is entered by the user in a text box, and the positions of the two dots
Augment your dotrace.html page so that users can initiate repeated races without having to reload the page. You can accomplish this by adding a button labeled "New Race"; when a user clicks this button, the positions of the dots should be reset to 0. If the user clicks the "Take a Step" button
In Exercise 9.11, you wrote a Web page that selected a sequence of random letters from a string that was entered by the user. Similar to the modification in Exercise 11.2, modify your randSeq.html page so that it checks to make sure that the user has correctly entered characters to choose from. If
Augment your grades.html page from Exercise 7.10 by inserting a cascading if-else statement similar to the one on the right-hand side of Figure 11.6. In addition to displaying the student's class average, the associated letter grade should also be displayed. For example, if the student's average
Modify your surface.html page from Exercise 9.8 so that it ensures that both the height and weight values entered by the user are positive values. If either of the values in the text boxes is less than or equal to 0 when the button is clicked, then the surface area should be displayed as NaN.
Enter the stats.html text from Figure 11.7 into a new Web page, then load the page in the browser to verify that it behaves as described.Add an additional text span to your stats.html page that serves as a conditional counter, keeping track of the number of times the user rolls doubles. The new
Imagine that users of your stats.html page would like to perform repeated experiments with the dice simulator. It would greatly help these users if they were able to reset the roll and doubles counts within the page. This can be accomplished by reloading the page, i.e., by clicking on the browser's
There are six different dice combinations that add up to 7: 6-1, 5-2, 4-3, 3-4, 2-5, and 1-6, making it the most common dice roll. Add an additional text span to your stats.html page that keeps track of the number of times the user rolls dice that total 7. The new SPAN element should appear below
In gambling circles, the combination of a 3 and 4 (in either order) is known as a natural seven. Add an additional text span to your stats.html page that keeps track of the number of natural sevens that are rolled. The new SPAN element should appear below the existing ones, and should be preceded
1. TRUE or FALSE? In contrast to digital signals, analog signals use only a discrete (finite) set of values for storing data. 2. TRUE or FALSE? The binary value 11012 represents the decimal number 27. 3. TRUE or FALSE? The decimal number 100 is represented as the binary value 1101002. 4. TRUE or
Describe two advantages of storing data digitally, rather than in analog format?
In addition to the examples given in the chapter, describe a real-world device that can use either an analog or digital representation of data?
What decimal value is represented by the binary number 011010012? Show the steps involved in the conversion, then use the Data Representation Page to verify your answer.
What is the binary representation of the decimal value 92? Show the steps involved in the conversion, then use the Data Representation Page to verify your answer.
Using 32 bits to represent integers, the largest positive value that can be represented is 231-1, whereas the smallest negative value is 231. Why aren't these ranges symmetric? That is, why is there one more negative integer than there are positive integers?
It was mentioned in the chapter that having two representations of zero, both a positive zero and a negative zero, would be both wasteful and potentially confusing. How might the inclusion of both zeros cause confusion or errors within programs?
The IEEE floating-point format reserves several bit patterns for representing special values. For example, a 32-bit pattern that begins with 011111111 has a special meaning. Using the Data Representation Page, determine what 011111111 followed by all zeros represents. What if a pattern other than
Assuming that a string is stored as a sequence of ASCII codes corresponding to individual characters, how would the string "CU#1" be represented?
Suppose that a library has a taped recording of a historically significant speech. What advantages would there be to converting the speech to digital format?
A grayscale image is one in which each pixel can be white, or black, or various shades of gray in between. Assuming that there are 256 discernable shades of gray, how many bits would a bitmap require to represent a pixel in a grayscale image? How does this number compare to those for
What is the difference between a lossless format and a lossy format for storing digital images? For what type of images might one or the other be preferable?
Is the MPEG compression format for storing video lossy or lossless? How did you determine your answer?
Estimate the average number of bytes per frame for an MPEG file you own. That is, divide the size of the file by the approximate number of frames (you may assume 24 frames per second). Is this average consistent across movie files?
Enter the roll.html text from Figure 13.1 into a new Web page. After loading this page, click the button to verify that the code repeatedly simulates and displays dice rolls until doubles are obtained. Perform repeated simulations using your page. What was your shortest sequence of rolls that ended
Consider a sheet of paper. If you fold the paper in half, then the resulting doubled sheet is twice as thick. Likewise, if you fold the sheet in half again, the thickness is doubled again (and becomes four times greater than that of the original sheet). Starting with a standard sheet of paper, how
Create a Web page named hail.html that computes and displays hailstone sequences. The user should be able to enter a positive integer in a text box and then click a button. When the button is clicked, the hailstone sequence starting with the input number should appear in a separate text area, one
Using your hail.html page, answer the following questions: • What is the length of the hailstone sequence starting at 100? Starting at 200? Starting at 400? • What is the smallest starting number that generates a hailstone sequence with a length of at least 15? • Identify a starting number
Predict the output sequences that would be produced by each of the following while loops:count = 10;while (count > 0) {document.getElementById('outputDiv').innerHTML =document.getElementById('outputDiv').innerHTML + count + '<br>';count = count -
In the spirit of the "Old MacDonald" page you wrote in Chapter 9, create a Web page named bottles.html that displays verses of the song "100 bottles of Root Beer on the Wall" (you may insert your favorite beverage). The page should contain a text box in which the user can enter the initial number
Create a Web page named repavg.html that simulates a large number of dice rolls and computes the average of the dice totals. The user should be able to enter a number of rolls in a text box and then click a button, which should call a function to simulate the rolls and compute the average. Once
Create a Web page named craps.html that simulates a game of craps. When the user clicks a button, this event should call a function that rolls the dice until the player wins or loses. When implementing this function, use the generalized code from Figure 13.11 as a guide. The value of each roll
Re-implement your repstats.html page, replacing the while loop with an equivalent for loop. Test the page repeatedly to verify that it behaves identically to the while loop version?
Re-implement your repavg.html page, replacing the while loop with an equivalent for loop. Test the page repeatedly to verify that it behaves identically to the while loop version?
Modify your roll.html page so that it incorporates one of the two techniques, either priming the loop or a flag, from Figure 13.3. Then, load the page and verify that the code behaves as before?
Add a counter to your roll.html page to record the number of rolls that occur before doubles are obtained. Recall that a counter consists of a variable that is initialized to zero and incremented every time some event occurs. In this case, you should declare and initialize the counter variable in
Modify your roll.html page so that it rolls the dice until their combined sum equals 7. Then, use this new page to conduct 20 different experiments, counting how many rolls it takes to obtain a 7 each time. Report your results. On average, a 7 should appear within 4 rolls. Do your results support
Create a Web page named lottery.html that repeatedly simulates PICK-4 lottery drawings until a specific sequence is obtained. The user should be able to enter the desired sequence in a series of four text boxes and then click a button to see how many drawings the page had to perform before their
Enter the repstats.html text from Figure 13.6 into a new Web page. After loading this page, click the button to verify that the code behaves as described. Use your page to count the number of doubles that occur during 60 dice rolls. Conduct this experiment 10 times and report the results. Are the
Modify your repstats.html page so that, in addition to recording the number of doubles, it also counts the number of sevens and the number of twos obtained. This will require adding two counters to the RollRepeatedly function and modifying the code to display these additional counters when the loop
Enter the countdown.html text from Figure 13.8 into a new Web page. After loading this page, experiment with it by changing the contents of the text box and verifying that the code behaves as described.Once you have done this, modify the page so that, instead of decrementing count by 1, the code
Recall that Chapter 8 described the binary search algorithm for finding a particular entry in an ordered list. The idea behind binary search is to begin looking in the exact center of the list. If the desired entry comes before the middle entry in the list's organizational scheme, then you can
1. TRUE or FALSE? Any piece of memory that is used to store the sum of numeric values is known as a register. 2. TRUE or FALSE? The path that data follows within the CPU, traveling along buses from registers to the ALU and then back to registers, is known as the CPU data path. 3. TRUE or FALSE? All
Name the three subunits of the CPU, and describe the role of each subunit in carrying out computations?
Describe how data values move around the CPU data path and what actions occur during a single CPU cycle. How does the data path relate to CPU speed?
Consider two computer systems that are identical except for their CPUs. System 1 contains a 1.8 GHz Pentium 4, whereas System 2 contains a 1.8 GHz PowerPC processor. Will these two systems always require the same amount of time to execute a given program? Justify your answer.
Consider the following tasks: (1) adding 100 numbers stored in main memory, and (2) adding a number to itself 100 times. Although both tasks require 100 additions, the second would be executed much more quickly than the first would. Why?
What would happen if you placed the number 100 in R0, then set the knobs so that A Bus = R0, B Bus = R0, ALU = A-B, and C Bus = R0?

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A Balanced Introduction to Computer Science 3rd edition David Reed - Solutions

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