What is a process called that occurs without any outside intervention? Spontaneous (thermodynamically favored) process Exothermic process Non-spontaneous process Endothermic process

Spontaneous (thermodynamically favored) process

What is the change in free energy that accompanies the formation of one mole of a substance from its constituent elements with all reactants and products in their standard states? Standard free energy of formation Standard entropy change Standard enthalpy of formation Standard internal energy

Standard free energy of formation

What are the clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity when an individual contacts a specific antigen to which they are hypersensitive? Delayed immune response Immediate immune response Allergic reactions upon subsequent exposure No immune response

Allergic reactions upon subsequent exposure

What are the four types of hypersensitivity reactions? Type 1: Allergic, Type 2: Autoimmune, Type 3: Infectious, Type 4: Inflammatory Type A: Acute, Type B: Chronic, Type C: Subacute, Type D: Latent Type I: Immediate, Type II: Cytotoxic, Type III: Immune Complex, Type IV: Delayed Type Alpha: Rapid, Type Beta: Moderate, Type Gamma: Slow, Type Delta: Very Slow

Type I: Immediate, Type II: Cytotoxic, Type III: Immune Complex, Type IV: Delayed

Type I: Immediate hypersensitivity has what type of reaction and which antibodies are involved? Delayed reaction; IgG antibodies Cytotoxic reaction; IgM antibodies Immediate reaction; IgE antibodies Immune complex reaction; IgA antibodies

Immediate reaction; IgE antibodies

Type II: Cytotoxic hypersensitivity has what type of reaction and which antibodies are involved? Delayed reaction; T cells Cytotoxic reaction; IgG and IgM antibodies Immediate reaction; IgE antibodies Immune complex reaction; IgA antibodies

Cytotoxic reaction; IgG and IgM antibodies

Type III: Immune complex hypersensitivity has what type of reaction and which antibodies are involved? Immune complement; IgG and IgM antibodies Cytotoxic reaction; IgA antibodies Immediate reaction; IgE antibodies Delayed reaction; T cells

Immune complement; IgG and IgM antibodies

Type IV: Delayed hypersensitivity has what type of reaction and which cells are involved? Delayed reaction; T cells (48 hours) Immune complex reaction; IgM antibodies Cytotoxic reaction; IgG antibodies Immediate reaction; B cells

Delayed reaction; T cells (48 hours)

A diamniotic and dichorionic twin pregnancy demonstrates which sonographic findings? _____ one gestational sac and two placentas one gestational sac and one placenta two gestational sacs and one placenta two gestational sacs and two placentas

two gestational sacs and two placentas

Caudal regression syndrome is described as which of the following? It _____ causes facial abnormalities affects the upper limbs lacks the development of the caudal spine and cord results in cardiac defects

lacks the development of the caudal spine and cord

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