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Elementary Statistics 8th Edition Neil A. Weiss - Solutions

According to the document Consumer Expenditures, a publication of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average consumer unit spent $1874 on apparel and services in 2006. That same year, 25 consumer units in the Northeast had the following annual expenditures, in dollars, on apparel and services.At
The ankle brachial index (ABI) compares the blood pressure of a patient's arm to the blood pressure of the patient's leg. The ABI can be an indicator of different diseases, including arterial diseases. A healthy (or normal) ABI is 0.9 or greater. In a study by M. McDermott et al. titled "Sex
Active management of labor (AML) is a group of interventions designed to help reduce the length of labor and the rate of cesarean deliveries. Physicians from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center were interested in determining whether AML
From the Florida State Center for Health Statistics report, Women and Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalizations, we found that, for cardiovascular hospitalizations, the mean age of women is 71.9 years. At one hospital, a random sample of 20 of its female cardiovascular patients had the following
In the article €œMaterial Culture as Memory: Combs and Cremations in Early Medieval Britain€ (Early Medieval Europe, Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 89€“128), H. Williams discussed the frequency of cremation burials found in 17 archaeological sites in eastern England. Here are
An issue of Brokerage Report discussed the capital spending of telecommunications companies in the United States and Canada. The capital spending, in thousands of dollars, for each of 27 telecommunications companies is shown in the following table.Decide whether applying the t-test to perform a
A study by researchers at the University of Maryland addressed the question of whether the mean body temperature of humans is 98.6◦F. The results of the study by P. Mackowiak et al. appeared in the article "A Critical Appraisal of 98.6◦F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body Temperature, and
In the paper €œReassessment of TL Age Estimates of Burnt Flint from the Paleolithic Site of Tabun Cave, Israel€ (Journal of Human Evolution, Vol. 45, Issue 5, pp. 401€“409), N. Mercier and H. Valladas discussed the re-dating of artifacts and human remains found at
Previous studies have shown that urban bus drivers have an extremely stressful job, and a large proportion of drivers retire prematurely with disabilities due to occupational stress. These stresses come from a combination of physical and social sources such as traffic congestion, incessant time
In 2005, the average car in the United States was driven 12.4 thousand miles, as reported by the Federal Highway Administration in Highway Statistics.On the WeissStats CD, we provide last year's distance driven, in thousands of miles, by each of 500 randomly selected cars. Use the technology of
According to the document Out of Reach, published by the National Low Income Housing Coalition, the fair market rent (FMR) for a two-bedroom unit in Maine is $779. A sample of 100 randomly selected two-bedroom units in Maine yielded the data on monthly rents, in dollars, given on the WeissStats CD.
Suppose that you want to perform a hypothesis test for a population mean based on a small sample but that preliminary data analyses indicate either the presence of outliers or that the variable under consideration is far from normally distributed. a. Is either the z-test or t-test appropriate? b.
Suppose that you want to perform a hypothesis test for a population mean. Assume that the variable under consideration is normally distributed and that the population standard deviation is unknown. a. Is it permissible to use the t-test to perform the hypothesis test? Explain your answer. b. Is it
Suppose that you want to perform a hypothesis test for a population mean. Assume that the variable under consideration has a symmetric nonnormal distribution and that the population standard deviation is unknown. Further assume that the sample size is large and that no outliers are present in the
The following relationship holds between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for one-mean t-procedures: For a two-tailed hypothesis test at the significance level α, the null hypothesis H0: μ = μ0 will be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis Ha: μ = μ0 if and only if μ0 lies
In Exercise 8.113 on page 335, we introduced one-sided one-mean t-intervals. The following relationship holds between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for one-mean t-procedures: For a left-tailed hypothesis test at the significance level α, the null hypothesis H0: μ = μ0 will be
In Exercise 8.113 on page 335, we introduced one-sided one-mean t-intervals. The following relationship holds between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for one-mean t-procedures: For a right-tailed hypothesis test at the significance level α, the null hypothesis H0: μ = μ0 will be
The Educational Resource Service publishes information about wages and salaries in the public schools system in National Survey of Salaries and Wages in Public Schools. The mean annual salary of (public) classroom teachers is $49.0 thousand. A hypothesis test is to be performed to decide whether
The number of cell phone users has increased dramatically since 1987. According to the Semi-annual Wireless Survey, published by the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association, the mean local monthly bill for cell phone users in the United States was $49.94 in 2007. A hypothesis test is to
Suppose that, in a hypothesis test, the null hypothesis is in fact true. a. Is it possible to make a Type I error? Explain your answer. b. Is it possible to make a Type II error? Explain your answer.
Suppose that, in a hypothesis test, the null hypothesis is in fact false. a. Is it possible to make a Type I error? Explain your answer. b. Is it possible to make a Type II error? Explain your answer.
Identify the two types of incorrect decisions in a hypothesis test. For each incorrect decision, what symbol is used to represent the probability of making that type of error?
Suppose that a hypothesis test is performed at a small significance level. State the appropriate conclusion in each case by referring to Key Fact 9.2. a. The null hypothesis is rejected. b. The null hypothesis is not rejected.
Refer to Exercise 9.5. Explain what each of the following would mean. a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Correct decision Now suppose that the results of carrying out the hypothesis test lead to nonrejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion by error type or as a correct decision
Refer to Exercise 9.6. Explain what each of the following would mean. a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Correct decision Now suppose that the results of carrying out the hypothesis test lead to rejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion by error type or as a correct decision if
Refer to Exercise 9.7. Explain what each of the following would mean. a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Correct decision Now suppose that the results of carrying out the hypothesis test lead to rejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion by error type or as a correct decision if
Refer to Exercise 9.8. Explain what each of the following would mean. a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Correct decision Now suppose that the results of carrying out the hypothesis test lead to nonrejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion by error type or as a correct decision
Refer to Exercise 9.9. Explain what each of the following would mean. a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Correct decision Now suppose that the results of carrying out the hypothesis test lead to nonrejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion by error type or as a correct decision
Refer to Exercise 9.10. Explain what each of the following would mean. a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Correct decision Now suppose that the results of carrying out the hypothesis test lead to rejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion by error type or as a correct decision
Refer to Exercise 9.11. Explain what each of the following would mean. a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Correct decision Now suppose that the results of carrying out the hypothesis test lead to rejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion by error type or as a correct decision
Refer to Exercise 9.12. Explain what each of the following would mean. a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Correct decision Now suppose that the results of carrying out the hypothesis test lead to nonrejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion by error type or as a correct decision
Refer to Exercise 9.13. Explain what each of the following would mean. a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Correct decision Now suppose that the results of carrying out the hypothesis test lead to nonrejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion by error type or as a correct
Suppose that you want to perform a hypothesis test for a population mean μ. a. Express the null hypothesis both in words and in symbolic form. b. Express each of the three possible alternative hypotheses in words and in symbolic form.
Suppose that you are performing a statistical test to decide whether a nuclear reactor should be approved for use. Further suppose that failing to reject the null hypothesis corresponds to approval. What property would you want the Type II error probability, β, to have?
In the U.S. court system, a defendant is assumed innocent until proven guilty. Suppose that you regard a court trial as a hypothesis test with null and alternative hypotheses H0: Defendant is innocent Ha: Defendant is guilty. a. Explain the meaning of a Type I error. b. Explain the meaning of a
Explain in your own words the meaning of each of the following terms. a. Test statistic b. Rejection region c. Nonrejection region d. Critical values e. Significance level
a. Rejection region.b. Nonrejection region.c. Critical value(s).d. Significance level.e. Construct a graph similar to that in Fig 9.2 on page 350 that depicts your results from parts (a)€“(d).f. Identify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed.
a. Rejection region.b. Nonrejection region.c. Critical value(s).d. Significance level.e. Construct a graph similar to that in Fig 9.2 on page 350 that depicts your results from parts (a)€“(d).f. Identify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed.
a. Rejection region.b. Nonrejection region.c. Critical value(s).d. Significance level.e. Construct a graph similar to that in Fig 9.2 on page 350 that depicts your results from parts (a)€“(d).f. Identify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed.
a. Rejection region.b. Nonrejection region.c. Critical value(s).d. Significance level.e. Construct a graph similar to that in Fig 9.2 on page 350 that depicts your results from parts (a)€“(d).f. Identify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed.
a. Rejection region.b. Nonrejection region.c. Critical value(s).d. Significance level.e. Construct a graph similar to that in Fig 9.2 on page 350 that depicts your results from parts (a)€“(d).f. Identify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed.
a. Rejection region.b. Nonrejection region.c. Critical value(s).d. Significance level.e. Construct a graph similar to that in Fig 9.2 on page 350 that depicts your results from parts (a)€“(d).f. Identify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed.
A two-tailed test with α = 0.10. Determine the critical value(s) for a one-mean z-test. For each exercise, draw a graph that illustrates your answer.
Suppose that you are considering a hypothesis test for a population mean, μ. In each part, express the alternative hypothesis symbolically and identify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed. a. You want to decide whether the population mean is different from a specified
A right-tailed test with α = 0.05. Determine the critical value(s) for a one-mean z-test. For each exercise, draw a graph that illustrates your answer.
A left-tailed test with α = 0.01. Determine the critical value(s) for a one-mean z-test. For each exercise, draw a graph that illustrates your answer.
A left-tailed test with α = 0.05. Determine the critical value(s) for a one-mean z-test. For each exercise, draw a graph that illustrates your answer.
A right-tailed test with α = 0.01. Determine the critical value(s) for a one-mean z-test. For each exercise, draw a graph that illustrates your answer.
A two-tailed test with α = 0.05. Determine the critical value(s) for a one-mean z-test. For each exercise, draw a graph that illustrates your answer.
What is the P-value of a hypothesis test? When does it provide evidence against the null hypothesis?
Explain how the P-value is obtained for a one-mean z-test in case the hypothesis test is a. Left tailed. b. Right tailed. c. Two tailed.
The P-value for a hypothesis test is 0.06. For each of the following significance levels, decide whether the null hypothesis should be rejected. a. α = 0.05 b. α = 0.10 c. α = 0.06
Cadmium, a heavy metal, is toxic to animals. Mushrooms, however, are able to absorb and accumulate cadmium at high concentrations. The Czech and Slovak governments have set a safety limit for cadmium in dry vegetables at 0.5 part per million (ppm). M. Melgar et al. measured the cadmium levels in a
The P-value for a hypothesis test is 0.083. For each of the following significance levels, decide whether the null hypothesis should be rejected. a. α = 0.05 b. α = 0.10 c. α = 0.06
Which provides stronger evidence against the null hypothesis, a P-value of 0.02 or a P-value of 0.03? Explain your answer.
Which provides stronger evidence against the null hypothesis, a P-value of 0.06 or a P-value of 0.04? Explain your answer.
In each part, we have given the P-value for a hypothesis test. For each case, refer to Table 9.8 to determine the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis. a. P = 0.06 b. P = 0.35 c. P = 0.027 d. P = 0.004
In each part, we have given the P-value for a hypothesis test. For each case, refer to Table 9.8 to determine the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis. a. P = 0.184 b. P = 0.086 c. P = 0.001 d. P = 0.012
Right-tailed test: a. z = 2.03 b. z = −0.31 We have given the value obtained for the test statistic, z, in a one-mean z-test. We have also specified whether the test is two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed. Determine the P-value in each case and decide whether, at the 5% significance level,
Left-tailed test: a. z = −1.84 b. z = 1.25 We have given the value obtained for the test statistic, z, in a one-mean z-test. We have also specified whether the test is two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed. Determine the P-value in each case and decide whether, at the 5% significance level,
Left-tailed test: a. z = −0.74 b. z = 1.16 We have given the value obtained for the test statistic, z, in a one-mean z-test. We have also specified whether the test is two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed. Determine the P-value in each case and decide whether, at the 5% significance level,
Two-tailed test: a. z = 3.08 b. z = −2.42 We have given the value obtained for the test statistic, z, in a one-mean z-test. We have also specified whether the test is two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed. Determine the P-value in each case and decide whether, at the 5% significance level,
Two-tailed test: a. z = −1.66 b. z = 0.52 We have given the value obtained for the test statistic, z, in a one-mean z-test. We have also specified whether the test is two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed. Determine the P-value in each case and decide whether, at the 5% significance level,
The R. R. Bowker Company collects information on the retail prices of books and publishes the data in The Bowker Annual Library and Book Trade Almanac. In 2005, the mean retail price of agriculture books was $57.61. A hypothesis test is to be performed to decide whether this year's mean retail
Right-tailed test: a. z = 1.24 b. z = −0.69 We have given the value obtained for the test statistic, z, in a one-mean z-test. We have also specified whether the test is two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed. Determine the P-value in each case and decide whether, at the 5% significance level,
Consider a one-mean z-test. Denote z0 as the observed value of the test statistic z. If the test is right tailed, then the P-value can be expressed as P(z ≥ z0). Determine the corresponding expression for the P-value if the test is a. Left tailed. b. Two tailed.
The symbol ɸ is often used to denote the area under the standard normal curve that lies to the left of a specified value of z. Consider a one-mean z-test. Denote z0 as the observed value of the test statistic z. Express the P-value of the hypothesis test in terms of if the test is a. Left tailed.
Let x denote the test statistic for a hypothesis test and x0 its observed value. Then the P-value of the hypothesis test equals1. P(x ≥ x0) for a right-tailed test,2. P(x ≤ x0) for a left-tailed test,3. 2 ∙ min{P(x ≤ x0), P(x ≥ x0)} for a two-tailed test, Where the probabilities are
Explain why considering outliers is important when you are conducting a one-mean z-test.
Each part of this exercise provides a scenario for a hypothesis test for a population mean. Decide whether the z-test is an appropriate method for conducting the hypothesis test. Assume that the population standard deviation is known in each case. a. Preliminary data analyses reveal that the sample
Each part of this exercise provides a scenario for a hypothesis test for a population mean. Decide whether the z-test is an appropriate method for conducting the hypothesis test. Assume that the population standard deviation is known in each case. a. A normal probability plot of the sample data
x-bar = 20, n = 32, σ = 4, H0: μ = 22, Ha: μ < 22 We have provided a sample mean, sample size, and population standard deviation. In each case, use the one-mean z-test to perform the required hypothesis test at the 5% significance level.
x-bar = 21, n = 32, σ = 4, H0: μ = 22, Ha: μ < 22 We have provided a sample mean, sample size, and population standard deviation. In each case, use the one-mean z-test to perform the required hypothesis test at the 5% significance level.
x-bar = 24, n = 15, σ = 4, H0: μ = 22, Ha: μ > 22 We have provided a sample mean, sample size, and population standard deviation. In each case, use the one-mean z-test to perform the required hypothesis test at the 5% significance level.
Iron is essential to most life forms and to normal human physiology. It is an integral part of many proteins and enzymes that maintain good health. Recommendations for iron are provided in Dietary Reference Intakes, developed by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. The
x-bar = 23, n = 15, σ = 4, H0: μ = 22, Ha: μ > 22 We have provided a sample mean, sample size, and population standard deviation. In each case, use the one-mean z-test to perform the required hypothesis test at the 5% significance level.
x-bar = 23, n = 24, σ = 4, H0: μ = 22, Ha: μ ≠ 22 We have provided a sample mean, sample size, and population standard deviation. In each case, use the one-mean z-test to perform the required hypothesis test at the 5% significance level.
x-bar = 20, n = 24, σ = 4, H0: μ = 22, Ha: μ ≠ 22 We have provided a sample mean, sample size, and population standard deviation. In each case, use the one-mean z-test to perform the required hypothesis test at the 5% significance level.
Cadmium, a heavy metal, is toxic to animals. Mushrooms, however, are able to absorb and accumulate cadmium at high concentrations. The Czech and Slovak governments have set a safety limit for cadmium in dry vegetables at 0.5 part per million (ppm). M. Melgar et al. measured the cadmium levels in a
The R. R. Bowker Company collects information on the retail prices of books and publishes the data in The Bowker Annual Library and Book Trade Almanac. In 2005, the mean retail price of agriculture books was $57.61. This year's retail prices for 28 randomly selected agriculture books are shown in
Iron is essential to most life forms and to normal human physiology. It is an integral part of many proteins and enzymes that maintain good health. Recommendations for iron are provided in Dietary Reference Intakes, developed by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. The
Dementia is the loss of the intellectual and social abilities severe enough to interfere with judgment, behavior, and daily functioning. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. In the article "Living with Early Onset Dementia: Exploring the Experience and Developing Evidence-Based
According to the Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research of Australia, as reported on Lawlink, the mean length of imprisonment for motor-vehicle-theft offenders in Australia is 16.7 months. One hundred randomly selected motorvehicle theft offenders in Sydney, Australia, had a mean length of
A study by M. Chen et al. titled "Heat Stress Evaluation and Worker Fatigue in a Steel Plant" (American Industrial Hygiene Association, Vol. 64, pp. 352-359) assessed fatigue in steel-plant workers due to heat stress. A random sample of 29 casting workers had a mean post-work heart rate of 78.3
In the article "Business Employment Dynamics: New Data on Gross Job Gains and Losses" (Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 127, Issue 4, pp. 29-42), J. Spletzer et al. examined gross job gains and losses as a percentage of the average of previous and current employment figures. A simple random sample of 20
Dementia is the loss of the intellectual and social abilities severe enough to interfere with judgment, behavior, and daily functioning. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. In the article "Living with Early Onset Dementia: Exploring the Experience and Developing Evidence-Based
The daily charges, in dollars, for a sample of 15 hotels and motels operating in South Carolina are provided on the WeissStats CD. The data were found in the reportSouth Carolina Statistical Abstract, sponsored by the South Carolina Budget and Control Board.a. Use the one-mean z-test to decide, at
A study by researchers at the University of Maryland addressed the question of whether the mean body temperature of humans is 98.6◦F. The results of the study by P. Mackowiak et al. appeared in the article "A Critical Appraisal of 98.6◦F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body Temperature, and
The Educational Resource Service publishes information about wages and salaries in the public schools system in National Survey of Salaries and Wages in Public Schools. The mean annual salary of (public) classroom teachers is $49.0 thousand. A random sample of 90 classroom teachers in Hawaii
The number of cell phone users has increased dramatically since 1987. According to the Semi-annual Wireless Survey, published by the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association, the mean local monthly bill for cell phone users in the United States was $49.94 in 2007. Last year's local
This exercise can be done individually or, better yet, as a class project. For the pretzel packaging hypothesis test in Example 9.1 on page 342, the null and alternative hypotheses are, respectively, H0: μ = 454 g (machine is working properly) Ha: μ ≠ 454 g (machine is not working properly),
As we mentioned on page 368, the following relationship holds between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for one-mean z-procedures: For a two-tailed hypothesis test at the significance level α, the null hypothesis H0: μ = μ0 will be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis Ha: μ
In Exercise 8.47 on page 319, we introduced one-sided one-mean z-intervals. The following relationship holds between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for one-mean z-procedures: For a left-tailed hypothesis test at the significance level α, the null hypothesisH0: μ = μ0 will be rejected
In Exercise 8.47 on page 319, we introduced one-sided one-mean z-intervals. The following relationship holds between hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for one-mean z-procedures: For a right-tailed hypothesis test at the significance level α, the null hypothesisH0: μ = μ0 will be rejected
Right-tailed test, n = 20, and t = 2.235 a. Use Table IV in Appendix A to estimate the P-value. b. Based on your estimate in part (a), state at which significance levels the null hypothesis can be rejected, at which significance levels it cannot be rejected, and at which significance levels it is
According to the Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research of Australia, as reported on Lawlink, the mean length of imprisonment for motor-vehicle-theft offenders in Australia is 16.7 months. You want to perform a hypothesis test to decide whether the mean length of imprisonment for
Two-tailed test, n = 17, and t = −2.733 a. Use Table IV in Appendix A to estimate the P-value. b. Based on your estimate in part (a), state at which significance levels the null hypothesis can be rejected, at which significance levels it cannot be rejected, and at which significance levels it is
x-bar = 24, s = 4, n = 15, H0: μ = 22, Ha: μ > 22 We have provided a sample mean, sample standard deviation, and sample size. In each case, use the one-mean t-test to perform the required hypothesis test at the 5% significance level.
x-bar = 23, s = 4, n = 24, H0: μ = 22, Ha: μ ≠ 22 We have provided a sample mean, sample standard deviation, and sample size. In each case, use the one-mean t-test to perform the required hypothesis test at the 5% significance level.
Explain the meaning of each term. a. Null hypothesis b. Alternative hypothesis c. Test statistic d. Significance level

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