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mathematics
statistics

Elementary Statistics A Step By Step Approach 8th Edition Allan Bluman - Solutions

Student employees are a major part of most college campus employment venues. Two major departments that participate in student hiring are listed below with the number of hours worked by students for a month. At the 0.10 level of significance, is there sufficient evidence to conclude a difference?
Twelve automobiles were tested to see how many miles per gallon each one obtained. Under similar driving conditions, they were tested again, using a special additive. The data are shown here. At Î± = 0.05, did the additive improve gas mileage? Use the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Follow
Full-time employees in a large city were asked how much they spent on a typical weekday lunch and how much they spent on the weekend. The amounts are listed below. At Î± = 0.05, is there sufficient evidence to conclude a difference in the amounts spent?Follow this procedure: a. State
Samples of three types of ropes are tested for breaking strength. The data (in pounds) are shown here. At Î± = 0.05, is there a difference in the breaking strength of the ropes? Use the Kruskal-Wallis test.Follow this procedure:a. State the hypotheses and identify the claim.b. Find the critical
The National Oceanographic Data Center provides useful data for vacation planning. Below are listed beach temperatures in the month of July for various U.S. coastal areas. Using the 0.05 level of significance, can it be concluded that there is a difference in temperatures? Omit the Southern Pacific
List the advantages and disadvantages of random sampling.
List the advantages and disadvantages of systematic sampling.
What are the steps in the simulation of an experiment?
Player 1 rolls two dice. Player 2 rolls one die. If the number on the single die matches one number of the player who rolled the two dice, player 2 wins. Otherwise, player 1 wins. Explain how to simulate the experiment by using random numbers.
Give the boundaries of each value. a. 36 inches. b. 105.4 miles. c. 72.6 tons. d. 5.27 centimeters. e. 5 ounces.
Name and define the four basic sampling methods.
Classify each sample as random, systematic,stratified, or cluster. a. In a large school district, all teachers from two buildings are interviewed to determine whether they believe the students have less homework to do now than in previous years. b. Every seventh customer entering a shopping mall
Identify each study as being either observational or experimental. a. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, and one group was given an herb and the other group a placebo. After 6 months, the numbers of respiratory tract infections each group had were compared. b. A researcher stood at a
Identify the independent variable(s) and the dependent variable for each of the studies in Exercise 17.Exercise 17Identify each study as being either observational or experimental.a. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, and one group was given an herb and the other group a placebo.
For each of the studies in Exercise 17, suggest possible confounding variables.
In each of these statements, tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used. a. By 2040 at least 3.5 billion people will run short of water (World Future Society). b. Nine out of ten on-the-job fatalities are men (Source: USA TODAY Weekend). c. Expenditures for the cable
Classify each as nominal-level, ordinal-level, intervallevel, or ratio-level measurement. a. Pages in the 25 best-selling mystery novels. b. Rankings of golfers in a tournament. c. Temperatures inside 10 pizza ovens. d. Weights of selected cell phones. e. Salaries of the coaches in the NFL. f.
Classify each variable as qualitative or quantitative. a. Marital status of nurses in a hospital. b. Time it takes to run a marathon. c. Weights of lobsters in a tank in a restaurant. d. Colors of automobiles in a shopping center parking lot. e. Ounces of ice cream in a large milkshake. f.
a. Number of pizzas sold by Pizza Express each day. b. Relative humidity levels in operating rooms at local hospitals. c. Number of bananas in a bunch at several local supermarkets. d. Lifetimes (in hours) of 15 iPod batteries. e. Weights of the backpacks of first graders on a school bus. f.
The number of stories in each of the world€™s 30 tallest buildings follows. Construct a grouped frequency distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution with 7 classes.
The average quantitative GRE scores for the top 30 graduate schools of engineering are listed. Construct a grouped frequency distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution with 5 classes.
The number of passengers (in thousands) for the leading U.S. passenger airlines in 2004 is indicated below. Use the data to construct a grouped frequency distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution with a reasonable number of classes, and comment on the shape of the distribution.
The ages of the signers of the Declaration of Independence are shown. (Age is approximate since only the birth year appeared in the source, and one has been omitted since his birth year is unknown.) Construct a grouped frequency distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution for the data
The number of unclaimed expired prizes (in millions of dollars) for lottery tickets bought in a sample of states as shown. Construct a frequency distribution for the data using 5 classes. (The data in this exercise will be used for Exercise 22 in Section
The number of total vetoes exercised by the past 20 Presidents is listed below. Use the data to construct a grouped frequency distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution with 5 classes. What is challenging about this set of data?
The data are the salaries (in hundred thousands of dollars) of a sample of 30 colleges and university coaches in the United States. Construct a frequency distribution for the data using 8 classes. (The data in this exercise will be used for Exercise 11 in Section 2€“2.)
The data show the NFL team payrolls (in millions of dollars) for a specific year. Construct a frequency distribution for the payroll using 7 classes. (The data in this exercise will be used in Exercise 17 in Section 3€“2.)
The state gas tax in cents per gallon for 25 states is given below. Construct a grouped frequency distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution with 5 classes.
Find the class boundaries, midpoints, and widths for each class. a. 32–38 b. 86–104 c. 895–905 d. 12.3–13.5 e. 3.18–4.96
Shown here are four frequency distributions. Each is incorrectly constructed. State the reason why. a. Class Frequency 27–32 .......1 33–38 .......0 39–44 .......6 45–49 .......4 50–55 .......2 b. Class Frequency 5–9.......1 9–13 ........2 13–17 ......5 17–20 ......6 20–24
A survey was taken on how much trust people place in the information they read on the Internet. Construct a categorical frequency distribution for the data. A = trust in everything they read, M = trust in most of what they read, H = trust in about one-half of what they read, S= trust in a small
The data shown are the number of grams per serving of 30 selected brands of cakes. Construct a frequency distribution using 5 classes.
Listed are the weights of the NBA€™s top 50 players. Construct a grouped frequency distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution with 8 classes. Analyze the results in terms of peaks, extreme values, etc.
For 108 randomly selected college applicants, the following frequency distribution for entrance exam scores was obtained. Construct a histogram, frequency polygon, and ogive for the data. (The data for this exercise will be used for Exercise 13 in this section.) Class limits Frequency 90–98
The frequency distributions shown indicate the percentages of public school students in fourth-grade reading and mathematics who performed at or above the required proficiency levels for the 50 states in the United States. Draw histograms for each, and decide if there is any difference in the
Construct a histogram, frequency polygon, and give for the data in Exercise 16 in Section 2–1 and analyze the results.Exercise 16 in Section 2–1Salaries of College Coaches The data are the salaries (in hundred thousands of dollars) of a sample of 30 colleges and university coaches in the
For the data in Exercise 18 in Section 2€“1, construct a histogram for the state gasoline taxes.Data in ex 18
For the data in Exercise 1 in this section, construct a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an ogive, using relative frequencies. What proportion of the applicants needs to enroll in the summer development program?Exercise 1Do Students Need Summer Development? For 108 randomly selected college
For the data in Exercise 5 in this section, construct a histogram, frequency polygon, and give using relative frequencies. What proportion of the railroad crossing accidents are less than 87?In exercise 5:Class limits Frequency1–43 .....2444–86 ......1787–129 ......3130–172 ....4173–215
The number of calories per serving for selected ready-to-eat cereals is listed here. Construct a frequency distribution using 7 classes. Draw a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an ogive for the data, using relative frequencies. Describe the shape of the histogram.
The amount of protein (in grams) for a variety of fast-food sandwiches is reported here. Construct a frequency distribution using 6 classes. Draw a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an give for the data, using relative frequencies. Describe the shape of the histogram.
For the data for year 2003 in Exercise 7 in this section, construct a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an give, using relative frequencies.
The animal trainer in Exercise 8 in this section selected another group of dogs who were much older than the first group and measured their reaction times to the same stimulus. Construct a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an give for the data. Class limits Frequency 2.3–2.9
a. Construct a frequency distribution; include class limits, class frequencies, midpoints, and cumulative frequencies.b. Construct a frequency polygon.c. Construct an ogive.
The number of faculty listed for a variety of private colleges that offer only bachelor€™s degrees is listed below. Use these data to construct a frequency distribution with 7 classes, a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an Ogive. Discuss the shape of this distribution. What proportion
Using the results from Exercise 19, answer these questions. a. How many values are in the class 27.5–30.5? b. How many values fall between 24.5 and 36.5? c. How many values are below 33.5? d. How many values are above 30.5?
The number of counties, divisions, or parishes for each of the 50 states is given below. Use the data to construct a grouped frequency distribution with 6 classes, a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an ogive. Analyze the distribution. (The data in this exercise will be used for Exercise 24 in
The salaries (in millions of dollars) for 31 NFL teams for a specific season are given in this frequency distribution. Class limits Frequency 39.9–42.8 ........2 42.9–45.8 ........2 45.9–48.8 ........5 48.9–51.8 ........5 51.9–54.8 ........12 54.9–57.8 .......5 Construct a histogram,
The data show the number of railroad crossing accidents for the 50 states of the United States for a specific year. Construct a histogram, frequency polygon, and give for the data. Comment on the skewness of the distribution. (The data in this exercise will be used for Exercise 14 in this
The frequency distribution represents the cost (in cents) for the utilities of states that supply much of their own power. Construct a histogram, frequency polygon, and give for the data. Is the distribution skewed?Class limits Frequency6–8.......... 129–11........ 1612–14.........315–17
The number of days that selected U.S. metropolitan areas failed to meet acceptable air quality standards is shown below for 1998 and 2003. Construct a grouped frequency distribution with 7 classes and a histogram for each set of data, and compare your results.
In a study of reaction times of dogs to a specific stimulus, an animal trainer obtained the following data, given in seconds. Construct a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an Ogive for the data; analyze the results. (The histogram in this exercise will be used for Exercise 18 in this section,
The scores of health care quality as calculated by a professional risk management company are listed for selected states. Use the data to construct a frequency distribution with 6 classes, a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an ogive.
Construct a vertical bar chart for the total number of hurricanes by month from 1851 to 2008.May...........18June............79July .............101August ............344September ..........459October ...........280November ...........61
The following data are based on a survey from American Travel Survey on why people travel. Construct a pie graph for the data and analyze the results. Purpose Number Personal business 146 Visit friends or relatives 330 Work-related 225 Leisure 299
Two characteristics of the population aged 65 and over are shown below for 2004. Illustrate each characteristic with a pie graph. Marital status Educational attainment Never married 3.9% Less than ninth grade 13.9% Married 57.2 Completed grades 9–12 Widowed 30.8 but no diploma
The popular vehicle car colors are shown. Construct a pie graph for the data. White......... 19% Silver.......18 Black........16 Red ..........13 Blue .........12 Gray ........12 Other........10
In a recent survey, 3 in 10 people indicated that they are likely to leave their jobs when the economy improves. Of those surveyed, 34% indicated that they would make a career change, 29% want a new job in the same industry, 21% are going to start a business, and 16% are going to retire. Make a pie
State which graph (Pareto chart, time series graph, or pie graph) would most appropriately represent the given situation.a. The number of students enrolled at a local college for each year during the last 5 years.b. The budget for the student activities department at a certain college for a
The age at inauguration for each U.S. President is shown. Construct a stem and leaf plot and analyze the data.
A listing of calories per one ounce of selected salad dressings (not fat-free) is given below. Construct a stem and leaf plot for the data.
The growth (in centimeters) of two varieties of plant after 20 days is shown in this table. Construct a back-to-back stem and leaf plot for the data, and compare the distributions.
The math and reading achievement scores from the National Assessment of Educational Progress for selected states are listed below. Construct a back-to back stem and leaf plot with the data and compare the distributions.
The worldwide sales (in billions of dollars) for several fast-food franchises for a specific year are shown. Construct a horizontal bar graph and a Pareto chart for the data.Wendy’s $ 8.7KFC 14.2Pizza Hut 9.3Burger King 12.7Subway 10.0
The number of successful space launches by the United States and Japan for the years 1993€“1997 is shown here. Construct a compound time series graph for the data. What comparison can be made regarding the launches?
Meat production for veal and lamb for the years 1960€“2000 is shown here. (Data are in millions of pounds.) Construct a compound time series graph for the data. What comparison can be made regarding meat production?
During a recent year the top 10 airlines with the most aircraft are listed. Represent these data with an appropriate graph. American 714 Continental 364 United 603 Southwest 327 Delta 600 British Airways 268 Northwest 424 American Eagle 245 U.S. Airways 384
The top prize-winning countries for Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine are listed here. Represent the data with an appropriate graph. United States 80 Denmark 5 United Kingdom 24 Austria 4 Germany 16 Belgium 4 Sweden 8 Italy 3 France 7 Australia 3 Switzerland
Calories Burned While Exercising Construct a Pareto chart for the following data on exercise. Calories burned per minute Walking, 2 mph 2.8 Bicycling, 5.5 mph 3.2 Golfing 5.0 Tennis playing 7.1 Skiing, 3 mph 9.0 Running, 7 mph 14.5
The World Roller Coaster Census Report lists the following number of roller coasters on each continent. Represent the data graphically, using a Pareto chart and a horizontal bar graph. Africa 17 Asia 315 Australia 22 Europe 413 North America 643 South America 45
Time The average weekly instruction time in schools for 5 selected countries is shown. Construct a vertical bar graph and a Pareto chart for the data. Thailand 30.5 hours China 26.9 hours France 24.8 hours United States 22.2 hours Brazil 19 hours
The data show the total retail sales (in billions of dollars) of coffee for 6 years. Over the years, are the sales increasing or decreasing?
The safety record of U.S. airlines for 10 years is shown. Construct a time series graph for the data. Year Major Accidents 1997 .........2 1998 .........0 1999 .........2 2000 .........3 2001 .........1 2002 .........1 2003 .........2 2004 .........4 2005
The average global temperatures for the following years are shown. Draw a time series graph and comment on the trend.
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations The following data for the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (in ppm2) are shown. Draw a time series graph and comment on the trend.
The Brunswick Research Organization surveyed 50 randomly selected individuals and asked them the primary way they received the daily news. Their choices were via newspaper (N), television (T), radio (R), or Internet (I). Construct a categorical frequency distribution for the data and interpret the
Construct a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an give for the data in Exercise 9 in this section, and analyze the results.
The ages of the Vice Presidents of the United States at the time of their death are listed below. Use the data to construct a frequency distribution, histogram, frequency polygon, and ogive, using relative frequencies. Use 6 classes. (2€“1, 2€“2)
Construct a histogram, frequency polygon, and ogive by using relative frequencies for the data in Exercise 9 in this section.
A survey of 1200 drivers showed the percentage of respondents who did the following while driving. Construct a horizontal bar graph and a Pareto chart for the data. Drink beverage....... 80% Talk on cell phone......73 Eat a meal......... 41 Experience road rage... 23 Smoke.......... 21
The following data show the number of days the air quality for Atlanta, Georgia, was below the accepted standards. Draw a time series graph for the data.
Bank Failures The following data show the number of bank failures for recent years. Draw a time series graph and comment on the trend.
The following data show the public debt in billions of dollars for recent years. Draw a time series graph for the data.
The following data show the amount of gold production in thousands of troy ounces for Colombia for recent years. Draw a time series graph and comment on the trend.
The average amounts spent by college freshmen for school items are shown. Construct a pie graph for the data. Electronics/computers......$728 Dorm items ..........344 Clothing ............141 Shoes ............. 72
A survey asked if people would like to spend the rest of their careers with their present employers. The results are shown. Construct a pie graph for the data and analyze the results. Answer Number of people Yes .......... 660 No ........... 260 Undecided ........80
Construct a pie graph for the data in Exercise 1, and analyze the results. (2–3)
The number of visitors to the Railroad Museum during 24 randomly selected hours is shown here. Construct a stem and leaf plot for the data.
The numbers of public libraries in operation for selected states are listed below. Organize the data with a stem and leaf plot.
A special aptitude test is given to job applicants. The data shown here represent the scores of 30 applicants. Construct a stem and leaf plot for the data and summarize the results.
A sporting goods store kept a record of sale of five items for one randomly selected hour during a recent sale. Construct a frequency distribution for the data (B = baseballs, G = golf balls, T = tennis balls, S = soccer balls, F = footballs). (The data for this exercise will be used for Exercise 4
Draw a pie graph for the data in Exercise 3 showing the sales of each item, and analyze the results.
The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) count of 20 randomly selected patients is given here in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). Construct an ungrouped frequency distribution for the data. (The data for this exercise will be used for Exercise 6.)
Construct a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an give for the data in Exercise 5 in this section, and analyze the results.
The percentage (rounded to the nearest whole percent) of persons from each state completing 4 years or more of college is listed below. Organize the data into a grouped frequency distribution with 5 classes.Percentage of persons completing 4 years of college
Using the data in Exercise 7, construct a histogram, a frequency polygon, and an ogive. (2–2)
The data shown (in millions of dollars) are the values of the 30 National Football League franchises. Construct a frequency distribution for the data using 8 classes. (The data for this exercise will be used for Exercises 10 and 12 in this section.)
The average undergraduate grade point average (GPA) for the 25 top-ranked medical schools is listed below.Find the a. Meanb. Medianc. Moded. Midrange
The number of foreign workers’ certificates for the New England states and the northwestern states is shown. Find the mean, median, and mode for both areas and compare the results.New England States Northwest States6768.......... 18703196.......... 6221112.......... 620819 .......... 231019
Populations for towns and cities of 5000 or more (based on the 2004 figures) in the 15XXX zip code area are listed here for two different years. Find the mean, median, mode, and midrange for each set of data. What do your findings suggest?

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