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Introduction To Business Statistics 7th Edition Ronald M. Weiers - Solutions

This exercise focuses on the Springdale Shopping Survey, the setting and data collection instrument for which were provided at the end of Chapter 2. The data are in the computer file SHOPPING.1. Perform the following operations for variables 18–25:a. Obtain descriptive statistics, including the
Baldwin Computer Sales is a small company located in Oldenburg, Washington. The founder of the company, Jonathan Baldwin, began the business by selling computer systems through mail-order at discount prices. Baldwin was one of the first computer mail-order companies to offer a toll-free phone
What is the difference between primary data and secondary data? Between internal secondary data and external secondary data?
Explain what is meant by sampling error, response error, and non response error in survey research.
In order to increase the response rate to mail questionnaires, researchers sometimes include a dollar bill or other monetary incentive to reward the respondent for his or her cooperation. Could there be occasions where a relatively large reward—e.g., the inclusion of a $20 bill with a short
In doing “observational studies” while driving through suburban neighborhoods during the summer months, home burglars look for potential victims who are away on vacation. What kinds of observation indicators would tend to tell the burglars that a family is likely away on vacation? What are some
What are secondary data? Differentiate between internal and external secondary data.
What kinds of external secondary data are readily available online?
Briefly, what kinds of information does the U.S. Department of Commerce provide in its Census of Population? In its Census of Housing?
What is the Encyclopedia of Associations, and how can this publication be useful to the business researcher?
What is data mining, and how can it be useful to a business or other organization? What are some of the analytical tools it employs?
Visit the U.S. Bureau of the Census (census.gov), and find the following descriptive statistics for the county where your college or university is located: a. Median household income b. Number of Social Security recipients c. Per-capita retail sales A computer and access to the Internet. Web
Repeat Exercise 4.25, but obtain the requested descriptive statistics for Dare County, North Carolina. Exercise 4.25 Visit the U.S. Bureau of the Census (census.gov), and find the following descriptive statistics for the county where your college or university is located: a. Median household
Referring to each company’s online annual report, find the number of employees and net income in the most recent fiscal year for Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, and Microsoft.
Visit google.com and search message boards for postings that pertain to (a) A professional sports team and (b) A hobby or recreational activity of your choice.
A pharmaceutical firm’s annual report states that company sales of over-the-counter medicines increased by 48.1%. a. To the firm itself, would this information be primary data or secondary data? b. To a competitor, what type of information would this represent?
Using a search engine and the key words “spy equipment,” identify some of the high-tech gadgets that companies or individuals can use in carrying out industrial espionage on other companies or individuals.
Bertram Pearlbinder, owner of an apartment building near the campus of Hightower University, is considering the possibility of installing a large-screen color television in the building’s recreation room. For each of the following, indicate whether the associated data are primary or secondary: a.
Differentiate between a judgment sample and a convenience sample.
In what way are the quota sample and the stratified sample similar? In what way are they different? What effect does this difference have on the applications for which such samples might be appropriate?
What is the difference between a probability sample and a non probability sample? Which type is necessary if we wish to statistically generalize from the sample to the population?
For each of the following situations, would you recommend a sample or a census? Explain your reasoning in each case. a. A purchasing agent has just received a shipment of shock-resistant watches and wants to find out approximately how far they can be dropped onto a concrete surface without breaking
Using the random number table in Appendix A, select a simple random sample of 5 from the 50 states of the United States.
What is meant by periodicity, and how can this present a problem when taking a systematic sample? Provide an example of a systematic sampling situation where periodicity could be a factor.
The manufacturer of a fast-drying, highly effective glue is concerned about the possibility that some users might accidentally glue their fingers together, raising potential legal problems for the firm. Could purposive sampling help determine the extent to which people might use the glue
Given the 250 household electricity expenditures in Exercise 3.65 (file XR03065), generate a simple random sample consisting of 30 data values. In exercise 3.65 According to the Energy Information Administration, the average U.S. household spends $1196 per year for electricity. Assume that this
Given the honeymoon expenditures for the 300 couples in Exercise 3.66 (file XR03066), generate a simple random sample consisting of 30 data values. In exercise Bride’s magazine reports the cost of the average honeymoon as $5111. Assume that their findings could have been based on the honeymoon
A study found that the average American buys 4.6 movie tickets per year, compared to an average of 3.2 in Ireland. Assuming that the data values in file XR04049 represent the number of movie ticket purchases reported by 100 American respondents. a. Select a simple random sample of 20 data values.
The Sonic Travel Agency has not kept pace with the current boom in family vacation air travel between the agency’s northern city and sunny Florida. For each of the following, indicate whether the associated data are primary or secondary. If the data are secondary, further indicate whether they
A labor union official has considered three possible negotiating stances that the union might take during upcoming contract negotiations. Members of the rank and file, on the other hand, could differ in terms of the approach they would most like to see. The union official is concerned with properly
For each of the following report titles, indicate whether the study involved was exploratory, descriptive, causal, or predictive, and explain your reasoning.a. “The Popularity of Bowling as a Participant Sport in Ohio”b. “The Effects of TV Violence on Crime in Small Towns”c. “A
In an attempt to measure the availability of component parts for a new product line, a manufacturer mails a questionnaire to 15 of the 25 companies that supply these components. Past experience with similar surveys has shown that such companies tend to exaggerate their ability to supply desired
To collect information on how well it is serving its customers, a restaurant places questionnaire cards on the tables, with card deposit boxes located near the exit. a. Do you think that nonresponse error might influence the results of this effort? In what way(s)? b. In addition to being a source
A mail survey of junior executives is designed to measure how much time they spend reading The Wall Street Journal each day and how they feel about the newspaper’s content and layout. Formulate one question of each of the following types that might be included in the questionnaire: (a)
The curator of a fossil museum finds there were 1450 visitors in May and 1890 visitors in June. At the beginning of June, he had hired Bert McGruff, a popular local athlete, to serve as a tour guide. Mr. McGruff, pointing out the increase in attendance, has demanded a raise in pay. Considering this
Timetech, Inc., has been experimenting with different approaches to improving the performance of its field sales force. In a test involving salespersons in Maine, the company found that giving sales leaders a free snowmobile caused a sales increase of 25% in that state. The experiment in Maine was
A security officer uses a one-way mirror to watch department store shoppers and identify potential shoplifters. In addition to observing whether a person is attempting to steal merchandise, what other personal or behavioral characteristics can be observed in this setting?
Using either the Internet or the Encyclopedia of Associations, identify a group or organization that might be able to supply information on a. the popularity of bowling. b. child abuse in the United States. c. industrial accidents. d. antique and classic cars.
Provide an example of a survey question that would tend to exceed the vocabulary level of the typical adult.
When customers purchase goods at a Radio Shack store, they are typically asked for their name and phone number so their purchase information can be stored. This would be one portion of the vast internal and external data available to the company. How might a company like Radio Shack utilize data
In general, what are some of the considerations in evaluating the suitability of data that have been generated by someone else? For what types of sources should secondary data be regarded with special skepticism?
Shirley will be graduating soon and is anticipating job offers from several national-level corporations. Depending on the company she joins, she could end up living in any of four different locations in the United States. a. What are some of the ways that Shirley could utilize the Internet for
Visit the U.S. Bureau of the Census (census.gov), and find the following descriptive statistics for Kalamazoo County, Michigan: a. Of those who are 25 or older, the percentage who are high school graduates b. The number of persons who are 65 or older c. The median household income A computer and
Using the U.S. Bureau of the Census (census.gov) as your starting point, use the links it provides and find the most recent population total for Canada. A computer and access to the Internet. Web addresses were accurate at this writing. If a site address is no longer applicable, use a search engine
Visit google.com and search message boards for postings that pertain to Sony digital cameras. Given the kinds of discussions that take place in such settings, what benefits could Sony obtain by having someone within the company “lurk” (i.e., observe without participating) in one or more groups
Researchers at a university with an enrollment of 12,000 take a census of the entire student population, asking, “Shoplifting is not only illegal, it raises the prices that we all have to pay. Have you ever shoplifted from the university bookstore?” Based on the preceding, discuss the possible
According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, 27% of U.S. adults are college graduates. In a stratified sample of 200 U.S. adults, approximately how many persons in each of the following categories should be questioned: (a) College graduate and (b) Not a college graduate?
In 2006, the average U.S. production employee worked 38.9 hours per week. An assistant in the human resources department of Acme Eyebolts, Inc., is curious as to how the workers in her company compared to this figure during the first week of this month. The assistant will be reaching her
Unknown to a quality assurance technician, the tensile strengths (in pounds per square inch, psi) for all 500 heavy-duty construction bolts in a recent shipment are as listed in file XR04074. Because a bolt must be broken to measure its strength, the testing process is destructive. The technician
What is random-digit dialing and why is it used?
How does a compiled mailing list differ from a response mailing list?
The first Thorndike video segment takes us back in time, to when Ted got his business degree and first joined his grandfather’s company. At the time of this video, Luke isn’t much in need of data mining—to reach the things at the bottom of his document heaps, he needs good old fashioned
A sample space includes the events A, B, and C. Draw a Venn diagram in which the three events are mutually exclusive.
A sample space includes the events A, B, and C. Draw a Venn diagram in which events A and B are mutually exclusive but events B and C are not mutually exclusive.
The following contingency table of frequencies is based on a 5-year study of fire fatalities in Maryland. For purposes of clarity, columns and rows are identified by the letters A€“C and D€“G, respectively.a. For this table, identify any two events that are mutually exclusive.b. For this
Using the table in Exercise 5.12, how many victims were in the category described by: a. (A and A’)? b. (C or F)? c. (A’ and G’)? d. (B or G’)?
The following table represents gas well completions during 1986 in North and South America.a. Draw a Venn diagram that summarizes the information in the table. b. Identify the region of the Venn diagram that represents (N and D). c. Identify the region of the Venn diagram that represents
Using the table in Exercise 5.15, assume that one well has been selected at random from the 48,673. a. What is the probability that the well was drilled in North America and was dry? b. What is the probability that the well was drilled in South America and was not dry?
The owner of a McDonald’s restaurant in France is considering the possibility of opening up a new franchise at the other end of her town. At the same time, the manager of the Pennsylvania Turnpike is deciding whether to recommend raising the speed limit by 10 miles per hour. Draw a single Venn
A shopping mall developer and a historical society are the only two bidders for a local historical landmark. The sealed bids are to be opened at next week’s city council meeting and the winner announced. Draw a single Venn diagram describing purchase/non purchase of the landmark by these two
According to data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the 60.0 million U.S. households with personal computers were distributed as shown here with regard to geographic location and access to the Internet. The entries represent millions of households. What is the probability that a
There are 100 males and 120 females in the graduating class of a local high school. Thirty-five percent of the graduating males are on school sports teams, as are 30% of the graduating females. A local businessperson is going to donate $1000 to the favorite charity of a randomly selected graduate.
A financial advisor frequently holds investment counseling workshops for persons who have responded to his direct mailings. The typical workshop has 10 attendees. In the past, the advisor has found that in 35% of the workshops, nobody signs up for the advanced class that is offered; in 30% of the
A survey of employees at a large company found the following relative frequencies for the one-way distances they had to travel to arrive at work:a. What is the probability that a randomly selected individual will have to travel 11 or more miles to work? b. What is the probability that a randomly
In 2008, McDonald’s had 31,967 restaurants system wide. Of these, 21,328 were operated by franchisees, 6502 by the company, and 4137 by affiliates. What is the probability that a randomly selected McDonald’s restaurant is operated by either a franchisee or an affiliate?
For three mutually exclusive events, P (A) = 0.3, P (B) = 0.6, and P (A or B or C) = 1.0. What is the value of P (A or C)?
It has been reported that the 49,600 employees of United Airlines are distributed among the following corporate functions:For the sample space consisting of United employees: a. Draw a Venn diagram representing events A, B, C, D, and E. b. What is the value of P (A)? c. What is the value of P (A or
In 2003, Entergy Corporation had 2,631,752 electricity customers. Of these, 86.0% were in the residential category (R); 11.8% were commercial (C); 1.6% were industrial (I); and 0.6% were government and municipal (G). a. Draw a Venn diagram representing events R, C, I, and G. b. What is the value of
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there are 777,000 men and 588,000 women in the life, physical, and social science occupations category; and 786,000 men and 204,000 women in the farming, fishing, and forestry occupations category. For these 2,355,000 individuals, what is the probability
Using the information presented in the table in Exercise 5.12, calculate the following probabilities:a. P(A or D)b. P(B or F)c. P(C or G)d. P(B or C or G)In exercise 5.12
Using the information presented in the table in Exercise 5.15, calculate the following probabilities:a. P(D or N)b. P(D9 or N9)c. P(D or N9)d. P(D9 or N)In exercise 5.15
It is possible to have a sample space in which P(A) = 0.7, P(B) = 0.6, and P(A and B) = 0.35. Given this information, would events A and B be mutually exclusive? Would they be independent?
If events A and B are independent, will P(A|B) be greater than, less than, or equal to P(A)? Explain.
It has been reported that 57% of U.S. households that rent do not have a dishwasher, while only 28% of homeowner households do not have a dishwasher. If one household is randomly selected from each ownership category, determine the probability that Source: Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract
A fair coin is tossed three times. What is the probability that the sequence will be heads, tails, and heads?
A kitchen appliance has 16 working parts, each of which has a 0.99 probability of lasting through the product’s warranty period. The parts operate independently, but if one or more malfunctions, the appliance will not work. What is the probability that a randomly selected appliance will work
An optometry practitioner group has found that half of those who need vision correction are patients who require bifocal lenses. a. For a randomly selected group of three people who require vision correction, what is the probability that all three will require bifocals? What is the probability that
Through April 30 of the 2009 filing season, 15.8% of all individual U.S. tax returns were prepared by H&R Block. a. If two individuals are randomly selected from those filing tax returns during this period, what is the probability that both of their tax returns were prepared by H&R Block? b. In
Of employed U.S. adults age 25 or older, 90.4% have completed high school, while 34.0% have completed college. For H = completed high school, C = completed college, and assuming that one must complete high school before completing college, construct a tree diagram to assist your calculation of the
A taxi company in a small town has two cabs. Cab A stalls at a red light 25% of the time, while cab B stalls just 10% of the time. A driver randomly selects one of the cars for the first trip of the day. What is the probability that the engine will stall at the first red light the driver encounters?
Using the table in Exercise 5.12, calculate the conditional probability of C given each of the age groups, or P(C|D), P(C|E), etc. Compare these probabilities and speculate as to which age groups seem more likely than others to have been (according to the legal definition at that time, 0.10% blood
Charlie has read a survey result that says 60% of the adults in his town consider Wendy’s hamburgers to taste good. Charlie drives into the local Wendy’s and questions a young couple about to enter the restaurant. According to Charlie, there’s only a 0.36 (i.e., 0.6 × 0.6) probability that
Based on the information in Exercise 5.20, if the student chosen is known to be on a sports team, what is the probability that the student is a female?In exerciseThere are 100 males and 120 females in the graduating class of a local high school. Thirty-five percent of the graduating males are on
Based on the information in Exercise 5.21, if the advisor has at least one person sign up for the advanced class, what is the probability that at least three people have signed up?In exerciseA financial advisor frequently holds investment counseling workshops for persons who have responded to his
Based on the information in Exercise 5.22, if a person is known to travel a one-way distance of at least 11 miles to work, determine the probability that he or she drives at least 31 miles to work.In exercise
For U.S. live births, P(boy) and P(girl) are approximately 0.51 and 0.49, respectively.a According to a newspaper article, a medical process could alter the probabilities that a boy or a girl will be born. Researchers using the process claim that couples who wanted a boy were successful 85% of the
Using the information in Exercise 5.45, assume that a couple who wanted a girl was randomly placed into either the treatment group (receiving the medical process described) or the control group (no treatment administered) in a test involving the medical procedure.a. What is the couple’s prior
A magician has two coins: One is unbalanced and lands heads 60% of the time; the other is fair and lands heads 50% of the time. A member of the audience randomly selects one of the coins and flips it. The result is heads.a. What is the prior probability that the fair coin was selected?b. Given
For the information provided in Exercise 5.39, the cabbie finds that his car stalls at the first red light he encounters. Given this additional information, what is the probability that he has selected cab A? In exercise 5.39 A taxi company in a small town has two cabs. Cab A stalls at a red light
Machine A produces 3% defectives, machine B produces 5% defectives, and machine C produces 10% defectives. Of the total output from these machines, 60% of the items are from machine A, 30% from B, and 10% from C. One item is selected at random from a day’s production. a. What is the prior
An investment counselor would like to meet with 12 of his clients on Monday, but he has time for only 8 appointments. How many different combinations of the clients could be considered for inclusion into his limited schedule for that day?
How many different combinations are possible if 6 substitute workers are available to fill 3 openings created by employees planning to take vacation leave next week?
A roadside museum has 25 exhibits but enough space to display only 10 at a time. If the order of arrangement is considered, how many possibilities exist for the eventual display?
A sales representative has 35 customers throughout the state and is planning a trip during which 20 will be visited. In how many orders can the visits be made?
It has been estimated that the odds of being struck by lightning in a given year are 1 to 240,000. Using this information:a. Express the odds in terms of “odds against.”b. What is the probability that a randomly selected individual will be struck by lightning this year?c. What is the
A fast-food chain gives each customer a coupon, the surface of which can be scratched to reveal whether a prize will be received. The odds for winning $1000 per week for life are listed as 1 to 200,000,000, while the odds for winning a free hamburger are 1 to 15. Sheila is going to have lunch at
For the situation in Exercise 5.61, what is the probability that Sheila will visit the franchise a. 5 times without winning a free hamburger? b. 10 times without winning a free hamburger? c. 20 times without winning a free hamburger? d. 40 times without winning a free hamburger?
The “daily number” of a state lottery is a 3-digit integer from 000 to 999. a. Sam buys a ticket for the number 333. What is the probability that he will win? b. Is the probability found in part (a) a classical, relative frequency, or subjective probability? Explain your answer. c. Shirley buys
The U.S. Bureau of Justice released the following probabilities for those arrested for committing various felony crimes in the United States:Allen has been arrested for burglary, Bill has been arrested for a weapons offense, and Charlie has been arrested on a public-disorder charge. Assuming these
For the three perpetrators in Exercise 5.64, determine the number of possibilities in which a. just one person is convicted. b. exactly two of the three persons are convicted. c. all three persons are convicted.

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