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medical sciences
biology
Human Biology 13th edition Sylvia S. Marder, Michael Windelspecht - Solutions
Which of the following cerebral areas is not correctly matched with its function? a. Occipital lobe-vision b. Parietal lobe-somatosensory area c. Temporal lobe-primary motor area d. Frontal lobe-Broca's motor speech area
The hypothalamus does not a. Control skeletal muscles. b. Regulate thirst. c. Control the pituitary gland. d. Regulate body temperature.
Which of the following brain regions is not correctly matched to its function? a. Medulla oblongata-regulated heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure b. Cerebellum-coordinated voluntary muscle movements c. Thalamus-secretes melatonin that regulates daily body rhythms d. Midbrain-reflex centers for
Which of these are the first and last elements in a spinal reflex? a. axon and dendrite b. sensory receptor and muscle effector c. ventral horn and dorsal horn d. brain and skeletal muscle e. motor neuron and sensory neuron
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the autonomic nervous system?a. It includes both cranial and spinal nerves.b. It is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.c. Most organs under ANS control are under dual innervation, that is, by both sympathetic and parasympathetic
What is the resting potential, and how is it created and maintained?
The sympathetic division of the autonomic system does not cause a. The liver to release glycogen. b. Dilation of bronchioles. c. The gastrointestinal tract to digest food. d. An increase in the heart rate.
Label this diagram.
What is an action potential? Describe the two parts of the process?
Explain transmission of a nerve signal across a synapse?
List and describe the functions of several neurotransmitters?
Describe the structure and functions of the spinal cord?
Name the major parts of the brain, and give a function for each part?
What are the lobes of the cerebrum? Give the location and function of the following areas: primary motor area, primary somatosensory area, primary visual area, primary auditory area, primary taste area, and primary olfactory area?
Using Figure 14.11 as a guide, explain how LASIK surgery corrects the flow of light into the eye.a. Nearalghtednessb. Farslghtodness c. Asligrralism Figure 14.11 How corrective lenses correct vision problems. a. A concave lens in nearsighted persons focuses light rays on the retina. b. A convex
What problems may be experienced for people who wear contacts that cause each eye to focus at different distances?
Given that noise pollution induces stress, what other body systems may be affected?
At a local level, do you think that more should be done to curb noise pollution in your neighborhood?
Contrast exteroceptors and interoceptors?
What are three abnormalities cause d by a misshapen eyeball, and what type lens can be helpful?
Describe the anatomy of the ear an d the function of each part?
Explain the pathway of sound and how sound is produced?
What structures are invoked in equilibrium, their structures, and functions?
A sensory receptor a. Is the first portion of a reflex are. b. Initiates nerve impulses. c. Can be in tem al or external. d. All of these are correct.
Receptors sensitive to changes in blood pressure are a. Interoceptors. b. Exteroceptors. c. Propnoceptors. d. Nociceptors.
Conscious interpretation of changes in the internal and external environment is called a. Responsiveness. b. Perception. c. Sensation. d. Accommodation.
Pain perceived as coming from another location is known as a. Intercepted pain. b. Phantom pain. c. Referred pain d. Parietal pain.
Which structure of the eye is incorrectly matched with its function? a. Lens-focusing b. Cones-color vision c. Iris-regulation of amount of light d. Choroid- location of cones e. Sclera-protection
Which of the following gives the correct path for light rays entering the human eye? a. Sclera, retina, choroid, lens, cornea b. Fovea centralis, pupil, aqueous humor, lens c. Cornea, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina d. Cornea, fovea centralis, lens, choroid, rods e. Optic nerve, sclera,
What is sensory adaptation?
Adjustment of the lens to focus on objects close to the viewer is called a. Convergence. b. Visual accommodation. c. Focusing. d. Constriction.
To focus on objects that are close to the viewer, the a. Suspensory ligaments must be pulled tight. b. Lens need s to become more rounded. c. Ciliary muscle will be relaxed. d. Image must focus on the area of the optic nerve.
Which abnormality of the eye is incorrectly matched with its cause? a. Astigmatism-either the lens or cornea is not even. b. Farsightedness-eyeball is shorter than usual c. Near sightedness-image focuses behind the retina d. Color blindness-genetic disorder in which certain types of cones may be
Which of the following is not involved in the sense of hearing? a. Auditory canal b. Tympanic membrane c. Ossicles d. Semicircular canals e. Cochlea
The middle ea r is separated from the inner ear by the a. Oval window. b. Tympanic membrane. c. Round window. d. Both a and c are correct.
Which one of these correctly describes the location of the spiral organ? a. Between the tympanic membrane and the oval window in the inner ear b. In the utricle and saccule within the vestibule c. Be twee n the tectorial membrane and the basilar membrane in the cochlear canal d. Between the nasal
Which of the following structures would allow you to know that you were upside down, eve n if you were in total darkness? a. Utricle and saccule b. Cochlea c. Semicircular canals d. Tectorial membrane
Both olfactory receptors and sound receptor s a. Are chemoreceptors. b. Are a part of the brain. c. Are mechanoreceptors. d. Initiate nerve impulses. e. All of these are correct.
Labe this diagram of a human eye.
Label this diagram of the human ear.
What is proprioception, and what is the role of muscle spindles?
List the cutaneous receptors and the type of stimulus to which each responds?
Describe the structure of a taste bud and explain how a taste cell functions?
Describe the structure and function of the olfactory epithelium. How does the sense of smell come about?
Describe the anatomy of the eye and the function of each part?
How does the eye respond when viewing an object far away? When viewing a close object?
Describe the sequence of events after rhodopsin absorbs light?
Do you think insurance companies should be expected to pay for HGH treatment if a child shows no hormone deficiency and is simply short?
Do you think insurance companies should be expected to pay for HGH treatment if a child shows no hormone deficiency and is simply short? Discuss.
How may the increased availability of HGH be abused by some individuals?
What are some advantages, and potential disadvantages, of producing a medicine destined to be injected in humans (such as insulin) in a bacterium like E. coli?
Some people oppose the use of animals for medical research. Do you think that insulin would have eventually been discovered without animal experimentation? Why or why not?
Compare and contrast the nervous and endocrine systems?
Explain how insulin and glucagon maintain blood glucose homeostasis. What are the two types of diabetes mellitus, and what are the major symptoms?
How does the neuroendocrine system work with other systems to maintain homeostasis?
Which type of glands are ductless? a. Exocrine b. Endocrine c. Both a and b are correct. d. Neither a nor b is correct.
Which hormones can cross cell membranes? a. Peptide hormones b. Steroid hormones c. Both A and b are correct. d. Neither A nor b is correct.
The anterior pituitary controls the secretions of both a. the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex. b. the thyroid and adrenal cortex. c. the ovaries and testes. d. Both b and c are correct.
Growth hormone is produced by the a. Posterior adrenal gland. b. Posterior pituitary. c. Anterior pituitary. d. Kidneys. e. None of these is correct.
Is released through positive feedback and causes contraction? a. Insulin, stomach b. Oxytocin, stomach c. Oxytocin, uterine d. None of these is correct
PTH causes the blood level of calcium to, and calcium causes it to a. Increase, increase b. Increase, decrease c. Decrease, increase d. Decrease, decrease
Bodily response to stress includes a. Water reabsorption by the kidneys. b. Blood pressure increase. c. Increase in blood glucose levels. d. Heart rate increase. e. All of these are correct.
Lack of aldosterone will cause a blood imbalance of a. Sodium. b. Potassium. c. Water. d. All of these are correct. e. None of these is correct.
How does the action of a peptide hormone differ from that of a steroid hormone?
Long-term complications of diabetes include a. Blindness. b. Kidney disease. c. Circulatory disorders. d. All of these are correct. e. None of these is correct.
Diabetes mellitus is associated with a. Too much insulin in the blood. b. Too high a blood glucose level. c. Blood that is too dilute. d. All of these are correct.
Which of these is not a pair of antagonistic hormones? a. Insulin-glucagon b. Calcitonin-parathyroid hormone c. Cortisol-epinephrine d. Aldosterone-atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)
Which hormone and condition are mismatched? a. Growth hormone-acromegaly b. Thyroxine-goiter c. Parathyroid hormone-tetany d. Cortisol-myxedema e. Insulin-diabetes
Match the hormones to the correct gland in the key. Key: a. Glucagon b. Prostaglandin c. Melatonin d. Insulin e. Leptin Raises blood glucose levels
Match the hormones to the correct gland in the key. Key: a. Glucagon b. Prostaglandin c. Melatonin d. Insulin e. Leptin Conversion of glucose to glycogen
Match the hormones to the correct gland in the key. Key: a. Glucagon b. Prostaglandin c. Melatonin d. Insulin e. Leptin Hunger control
Match the hormones to the correct gland in the key. Key: a. Glucagon b. Prostaglandin c. Melatonin d. Insulin e. Leptin Controls circadian rhythms
Match the hormones to the correct gland in the key. Key: a. Glucagon b. Prostaglandin c. Melatonin d. Insulin e. Leptin Causes uterine contractions
Explain the relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland and to the anterior pituitary gland. List the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary glands and their actions?
Give an example of the negative feedback relationship among the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary, and other endocrine glands?
Discuss the action of growth hormone on the body. What occurs if there is too much or too little GH during the growing years? What occurs if there is too much GH in an adult?
What types of conditions are associated with a malfunctioning thyroid gland? Explain each type?
Explain how the thyroid and parathyroid glands work together to maintain blood calcium homeostasis?
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla, and what are their actions?
What are the causes and symptoms of Addison disease and Cushing syndrome?
In your view, is male circumcision unjustifiable? 'Why or why not?
Should families who accept the idea of FGC be allowed to immigrate?
How should the United States prosecute parents who have subjected their daughters to FGC?
Should couples go to all lengths to have children even if it could endanger the life of one or both spouses?
Should couples with •'multiples' due to infertility treatment receive assistance from private and public services7
To what lengths should society go to protect frozen embryos?
Do you think that anyone should be denied fertility treatment? If so. what factors do you think a doctor should take into consideration when deciding whether to provide someone fertility treatment?
Why might the use of female contraceptives actually increase the chances of contracting HIV?
What cells in the blood act as a host for HIV?
Some people oppose the use of animals for medical research. Do you think that insulin would have eventually been discovered without animal experimentation? Why or why not? Discuss.
Briefly describe various types of assisted reproductive technologies.
What STDs are caused by viruses7 List the causative agent symptoms, and treatments. What STDs are caused by bacteria7 List the causative agent, symptoms, and treatments,
Label this diagram of the reproduce system.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) a. is secreted by females but not by males. b. stimulates the seminiferous tubules to produce sperm. c. secretion is controlled by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). d. Both b and c are correct.
Semen does not contain a. prostate fluid. b. urine. c. fructose. d. prostaglandins. e. Both b and d are correct.
Label this diagram of the female reproductive system.
Testosterone is produced and secreted by a. spermatogonia. b. sustentacular cells. c. seminiferous tubules, d. interstitial cells.
The release of the oocyte from the follicle is caused by a. a decreasing level of estrogen. b. a surge in the level of follicle-stimulating hormone. c. a surge in the level of luteinizing hormone. d . progesterone released from the corpus luteum.
Which of the following is no t an event of the ovarian cycle? a. FSH promotes the development of a follicle. b. The endometrium thickens. c. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone. d. Ovulation of an egg occurs.
An oocyte is fertilized in the a. vagina. b. uterus. c. oviduct. d. ovary.
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