Physics 2nd edition Alan Giambattista, Betty Richardson, Robert Richardson - Solutions

Unlock the secrets of "Physics 2nd Edition" by Alan Giambattista, Betty Richardson, and Robert Richardson with our comprehensive collection of resources. Dive into a world of knowledge with our online answers key, featuring detailed solutions and step-by-step answers that bring clarity to every problem. Access our solution manual and solutions pdf, providing solved problems and chapter solutions for a thorough understanding. Enhance your learning experience with the instructor manual and test bank, tailored for both students and educators. Enjoy the convenience of free download options, making your physics journey seamless and efficient. Explore our textbook's questions and answers, and discover a wealth of knowledge at your fingertips.

Calculate the barrier to internal rotation in ethane using AM1 and PM3. Compare the results to experiment and to the HF/6-31G** result (Prob. 15.53).
Find the AM1 geometry, dipole moment, and vibrational frequencies of formaldehyde. Compare the results with experiment and with the HF/3-21G and 6@31G* results (Prob. 15.45).
Find the AM1 geometries and dipole moments of the gauche and anti conformers of butane and compare with HF/6-31G* results (Prob. 15.58). Also find the AM1 difference in ∆Hof,298 for these conformers.
Find the AM1 geometries and dipole moments of the two conformers of formic acid and compare with HF results (Prob. 15.57). Also find the AM1 difference in ΔH°f ,298 for these conformers.
Find the AM1 geometries of the reactant, product, and transition state in the reaction HCN → HNC and compare with the HF/6-31G* results (Prob. 16.45).
Give the number of bond-stretching terms, bond-bending terms, bond-torsion terms, van der Waals terms, and electrostatic terms in a force field for each of the following: (a) CF3OH; (b) CCl3CCl2OH.
Use whatever molecular-mechanics program is available to you to calculate the geometries of the two conformers of HCOOH and find the energy difference between them. Omit zero-point vibrational energies and thermal energies in this and the following MM problems.
Use a molecular-mechanics program to calculate the barrier to internal rotation in ethane.
Use a molecular-mechanics program to find the geometries of the gauche and anti conformations of butane and the energy difference between them.
Repeat the vibrational wavenumber calculations of Prob. 17.35 (a), (b), and (c) using the MM3 force field and compare with the PM6 results. Assume the MM3 scale factor is 1.
Use a molecular-mechanics program to find the geometries of the two conformers of vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH) and the energy difference between them.
Consider the thermal reaction 1,3,5-hexatriene → 1,3-cyclohexadiene. (a) Use the symmetry of the polyene HOMO to predict whether the reaction path is conrotatory or disrotatory. (The HMOs need not be found explicitly; all that is needed are the signs of the AOs in the HOMO, and these can be
Examine the frontier orbitals and decide whether each of the following elementary reactions should have a high or low activation energy for a four-center broadside-collision reaction path. (a) H2 + D2 → 2HD; (b) N2 + O2 → 2NO; (c) F2 + Br2 → 2FBr; (d) H2 + C2H4 → C2H6.
(a) Verify that the HMO coefficients (17.30) satisfy the HMO set of simultaneous equations. Use the identity sin a + sin b = 2 sin 1/2 (a + b) cos 1/2 (a - b). (b) Verify that the coefficients (17.30) give a normalized HMO. To evaluate the needed sum, express the sine function as exponentials and
Calculate the HMO total bond orders and the p-electron charges for the lowest excited state of butadiene.
Since only the topology of the carbon framework is of significance in the HMO method, the full symmetry of s-trans-butadiene need not be used to get the maximum simplification possible in the HMO method; instead, it is sufficient to use only the C2 axis. (a) Write down the two possible symmetry
Verify that the geometric construction of Fig. 17.5 gives the correct HMO energies of the cyclic polyene CnHn.In figure 17.5
(a) Calculate the energy needed to compress three carbon-carbon single bonds and stretch three carbon-carbon double bonds to the benzene bond length 1.397 Å. Assume a harmonicoscillator potential-energy function for bond stretching and compression. Typical carbon-carbon single- and double-bond
Give a few reasons for studying physics.
What are some of the differences between the SI and the customary U.S. system of units? Why is SI preferred for scientific work?
What are the first two steps to be followed in solving almost any physics problem?
A student's lab report concludes, "The speed of sound in air is 327." What is wrong with that statement?
Once the solution of a problem has been found, what should be done before moving on to solve another problem?
Why are simplified models used in scientific study if they do not exactly match real conditions?
Why is it important to write quantities with the correct number of significant figures?
If the radius of a circular garden plot is increased by 25%, by what percentage does the area of the garden increase?
A poster advertising a student election candidate is too large according to the election rules. The candidate is told she must reduce the length and width of the poster by 20.0%. By what percentage will the area of the poster be reduced?
An architect is redesigning a rectangular room on the blueprints of the house. He decides to double the width of the room, increase the length by 50%, and increase the height by 20%. By what factor has the volume of the room increased?
Perform these operations with the appropriate number of significant figures. (a) 3.783 × 106 kg + 1.25 × 108 kg (b) (3.783 × 106 m) ÷ (3.0 × 10−2 s)
Write these numbers in scientific notation: (a) The U.S. population, 290 000 000; (b) The diameter of a helium nucleus, 0.000 000 000 000 003 8 m.
In the following calculations, be sure to use an appropriate number of significant figures. (a) 3.68 × 107 g − 4.759 × 105 g (b) 6.497 × 104 m2 / 5.1037 × 102 m
Write your answer to the following problems with the appropriate number of significant figures.(a) 6.85 × 10−5 m + 2.7 × 10−7 m(b) 702.35 km + 1897.648 km(c) 5.0 m × 4.3 m(d) (0.04/π) cm(e) (0.040/π) m
Solve the following problem and express the answer in scientific notation with the appropriate number of significant figures: (3.2 m) × (4.0 × 10−3 m) × (1.3 × 10−8 m).
How many significant figures are in each of these measurements?(a) 7.68 g (b) 0.420 kg(c) 0.073 m (d) 7.68 × 105 g(e) 4.20 × 103 kg (f) 7.3 × 10−2 m(g) 2.300 × 104 s
Solve the following problem and express the answer in meters per second (m/s) with the appropriate number of significant figures. (3.21 m)/(7.00 ms) = ?
What is the ratio of the number of seconds in a day to the number of hours in a day?
Solve the following problem and express the answer in meters with the appropriate number of significant figures and in scientific notation: 3.08 × 10−1 km + 2.00 × 103 cm
The label on a small soda bottle lists the volume of the drink as 355 mL. (a) How many fluid ounces are in the bottle? A competitor's drink is labeled 16.0 fl oz. (b) How many milliliters are in that drink?
The length of the river span of the Brooklyn Bridge is 1595.5 ft. The total length of the bridge is 6016 ft. Find the length and the order of magnitude in meters of (a) The river span (b) The total bridge length?
Convert 1.00 km/h to meters per second (m/s).
A sprinter can run at a top speed of 0.32 miles per minute. Express her speed in (a) m/s (b) mi/h.
The first modern Olympics in 1896 had a marathon distance of 40 km. In 1908, for the Olympic marathon in London, the length was changed to 42.195 km to provide the British royal family with a better view of the race. This distance was adopted as the official marathon length in 1921 by the
At the end of 2006 an expert economist from the Global Economic Institute in Kiel, Germany, predicted a drop in the value of the dollar against the euro of 10% over the next 5 years. If the exchange rate was $1.27 to 1 euro on November 5, 2006, and was $1.45 to 1 euro on November 5, 2007, what was
The intensity of the Sun's radiation that reaches Earth's atmosphere is 1.4 kW/m2 (kW = kilowatt; W = watt). Convert this to W/cm2.
Density is the ratio of mass to volume. Mercury has a density of 1.36 × 104 kg/m3. What is the density of mercury in units of g/cm3?
A spherical balloon expands when it is taken from the cold outdoors to the inside of a warm house. If its surface area increases 16.0%, by what percentage does the radius of the balloon change?
A molecule in air is moving at a speed of 459 m/s. How many meters would the molecule move during 7.00 ms (milliseconds) if it didn't collide with any other molecules?
Express this product in units of km3 with the appropriate number of significant figures: (3.2 km) × (4.0 m) × (13 × 10−3 mm).
(a) How many square centimeters are in 1 square foot? (1 in. = 2.54 cm.) (b) How many square centimeters are in 1 square meter? (c) Using your answers to parts (a) and (b), but without using your calculator, roughly how many square feet are in one square meter?
A snail crawls at a pace of 5.0 cm/min. Express the snail's speed in (a) ft/s (b) mi/h.
An average-sized capillary in the human body has a cross-sectional area of about 150 μm2. What is this area in square millimeters (mm2)?
An equation for potential energy states U = mgh. If U is in joules, with m in kg, h in m, and g in m/s2 find the combination of SI base units that are equivalent to joules.
One equation involving force states that F net = ma, where F net is in newtons, m is in kg, and a is in m⋅s−2. Another equation states that F = − kx, where F is in newtons, k is in kg⋅s−2, and x is in m. (a) Analyze the dimensions of ma and kx to show they are equivalent. (b) What are
An equation for the period T of a planet (the time to make one orbit about the Sun) is 4π2r3/( GM ), where T is in s, r is in m, G is in m3/(kg⋅s2), and M is in kg. Show that the equation is dimensionally correct.
The relationship between kinetic energy K (SI unit kg⋅m2⋅s−2) and momentum p is K = p2/(2m), where m stands for mass. What is the SI unit of momentum?
An expression for buoyant force is FB = ρgV, where F B has dimensions [MLT−2], r (density) has dimensions [ML−3], and g (gravitational field strength) has dimensions [LT−2]. (a) What must be the dimensions of V? (b) Which could be the correct interpretation of V: velocity or volume?
A spherical balloon is partially blown up and its surface area is measured. More air is then added, increasing the volume of the balloon. If the surface area of the balloon expands by a factor of 2.0 during this procedure, by what factor does the radius of the balloon change?
Use dimensional analysis to determine how the linear speed (v in m/s) of a particle traveling in a circle depends on some, or all, of the following properties: r is the radius of the circle; w is an angular frequency in s−1 with which the particle orbits about the circle, and m is the mass of the
What is the approximate distance from your eyes to a book you are reading?
What is the approximate volume of your physics textbook in cubic centimeters (cm3)?
(a) Estimate the average mass of a person's leg. (b) Estimate the length of a full-size school bus.
Estimate the number of times a human heart beats during its lifetime.
Estimate the number of automobile repair shops in the city you live in by considering its population, how often an automobile needs repairs, and how many cars each shop can service per day. Then look in the yellow pages of your phone directory to see how accurate your estimate is. By what
What is the order of magnitude of the number of seconds in one year?
A nurse recorded the values shown in the temperature chart for a patient's temperature. Plot a graph of temperature versus elapsed time and from the graph find (a) An estimate of the temperature at noon (b) The slope of the graph. (c) Would you expect the graph to follow the same trend over the
For any cube with edges of length s, what is the ratio of the surface area to the volume?
A graph of x versus t4, with x on the vertical axis and t4 on the horizontal axis is linear. Its slope is 25 m/s4 and its vertical axis intercept is 3m. Write an equation for x as a function of t.
A patient's temperature was 97.0 °F at 8:05 a.m. and 101.0 °F at 12:05 p.m. If the temperature change with respect to elapsed time was linear throughout the day, what would the patient's temperature be at 3:35 p.m.?
The weight of a baby measured over an 11-mon period is given in the weight chart for this problem. (a) Plot the baby's weight versus age over the 11 mon. (b) What was the average monthly weight gain for this baby over the period from birth to 5 mon? How do you find this value from the graph? (c)
A physics student plots results of an experiment as v versus t. The equation that describes the line is given by at = v − v0. (a) What is the slope of this line? (b) What is the vertical axis intercept of this line?
A linear plot of speed versus elapsed time has a slope of 6.0 m/s2 and a vertical intercept of 3.0 m/s. (a) What is the change in speed in the time interval between 4.0 s and 6.0 s? (b) What is the speed when the elapsed time is equal to 5.0 s?
In a laboratory you measure the decay rate of a sample of radioactive carbon. You write down the following measurements:(a) Plot the decays per second versus time. (b) Plot the natural logarithm of the decays per second versus the time. Why might the presentation of the data in this form be useful?
An object is moving in the x -direction. A graph of the distance it has moved as a function of time is shown.(a) What are the slope and vertical axis intercept? (Be sure to include units.)(b) What physical significance do the slope and intercept on the vertical axis have for this graph?
It is useful to know when a small number is negligible. Perform the following computations. (a) 186.300 + 0.0030 (b) 186.300 − 0.0030 (c) 186.300 × 0.0030 (d) 186.300/0.0030 (e) For cases (a) and (b), what percent error will result if you ignore the 0.0030? Explain why you can never ignore
The weight of an object at the surface of a planet is proportional to the planet's mass and inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the planet. Jupiter's radius is 11 times Earth's and its mass is 320 times Earth's. An apple weighs 1.0 N on Earth. How much would it weigh on Jupiter?
In cleaning out the artery of a patient, a doctor increases the radius of the opening by a factor of 2.0. By what factor does the cross-sectional area of the artery change?
Samantha is 1.50 m tall on her eleventh birthday and 1.65 m tall on her twelfth birthday. By what factor has her height increased? By what percentage?
A scanning electron micrograph of xylem vessels in a corn root shows the vessels magnified by a factor of 600. In the micrograph the xylem vessel is 3.0 cm in diameter. (a) What is the diameter of the vessel itself? (b) By what factor has the cross-sectional area of the vessel been increased in
The average speed of a nitrogen molecule in air is proportional to the square root of the temperature in Kelvin (K). If the average speed is 475 m/s on a warm summer day (temperature = 300.0 K), what is the average speed on a cold winter day (250.0 K)?
A furlong is 220 yd; a fortnight is 14 d. How fast is 1 furlong per fortnight (a) In μ m/s? (b) In km/day?
Given these measurements, identify the number of significant figures and rewrite in scientific notation.(a) 0.00574 kg (b) 2 m (c) 0.450 × 10−2 m (d) 45.0 kg (e) 10.09 × 104 s (f) 0.09500 × 105 mL
A car has a gas tank that holds 12.5 U.S. gal. Using the conversion factors from the inside front cover, (a) Determine the size of the gas tank in cubic inches. (b) A cubit is an ancient measurement of length that was defined as the distance from the elbow to the tip of the finger, about 18 in.
You are given these approximate measurements: (a) The radius of Earth is 6 × 106 m, (b) The length of a human body is 6 ft, (c) A cell's diameter is 10−6 m, (d) The width of the hemoglobin molecule is 3 × 10−9 m, (e) The distance between two atoms (carbon and nitrogen) is 3 × 10−10 m.
A typical virus is a packet of protein and DNA (or RNA) and can be spherical in shape. The influenza A virus is a spherical virus that has a diameter of 85 nm. If the volume of saliva coughed onto you by your friend with the flu is 0.010 cm3 and 10−9 of that volume consists of viral particles,
The smallest "living" thing is probably a type of infectious agent known as a viroid. Viroids are plant pathogens that consist of a circular loop of single-stranded RNA, containing about 300 bases. (Think of the bases as beads strung on a circular RNA string.) The distance from one base to the next
The largest living creature on Earth is the blue whale, which has an average length of 70 ft. The largest blue whale on record (and therefore the largest animal ever found) was 1.10 Ã— 102 ft long.(a) Convert this length to meters.(b) If a double-decker London bus is 8.0 m long, how
The record blue whale in Problem 68 had a mass of 1.9 × 105 kg. Assuming that its average density was 0.85 g/cm3, as has been measured for other blue whales, what was the volume of the whale in cubic meters (m3)? (Average density is the ratio of mass to volume.)
The "scale" of a certain map is 1/10 000. This means the length of, say, a road as represented on the map is 1/10 000 the actual length of the road. What is the ratio of the area of a park as represented on the map to the actual area of the park?
A sheet of paper has length 27.95 cm, width 8.5 in., and thickness 0.10 mm. What is the volume of a sheet of paper in m3? (Volume = length × width × thickness.)
An object moving at constant speed v around a circle of radius r has an acceleration a directed toward the center of the circle. The SI unit of acceleration is m/s2. (a) Use dimensional analysis to find a as a function of v and r. (b) If the speed is increased 10.0%, by what percentage does the
The speed of ocean waves depends on their wavelength λ (measured in meters) and the gravitational field strength g (measured in m/s2) in this way: v = Klpgq where K is a dimensionless constant. Find the values of the exponents p and q.
In the United States, we often use miles per hour (mi/h) when discussing speed, but the SI unit of speed is m/s. What is the conversion factor for changing m/s to mi/h? If you want to make a quick approximation of the speed in mi/h given the speed in m/s, what might be the easiest conversion factor
How many cups of water are required to fill a bathtub?
Without looking up any data, make an order-of-magnitude estimate of the annual consumption of gasoline (in gallons) by passenger cars in the United States. Make reasonable order-of-magnitude estimates for any quantities you need. Think in terms of average quantities. (1 gal ≈ 4 L)
Some thieves, escaping after a bank robbery, drop a sack of money on the sidewalk. (a) Estimate the mass of the sack if it contains $5000 in half-dollar coins. (b) Estimate the mass if the sack contains $1,000,000 in $20 bills.
Kepler's law of planetary motion says that the square of the period of a planet (T2) is proportional to the cube of the distance of the planet from the Sun (r3). Mars is about twice as far from the Sun as Venus. How does the period of Mars compare with the period of Venus?
On Monday, a stock market index goes up 5.00%. On Tuesday, the index goes down 5.00%. What is the net percentage change in the index for the two days?
Estimate the number of hairs on the average human head.
Suppose you have a pair of Seven League Boots. These are magic boots that enable you to stride along a distance of 7.0 leagues with each step. (a) If you march along at a military march pace of 120paces/min what will be your speed in km/h? (b) Assuming you could march on top of the oceans when
The electrical power P drawn from a generator by a light bulb of resistance R is P = V2/R, where V is the line voltage. The resistance of bulb B is 42% greater than the resistance of bulb A. What is the ratio PB/PA of the power drawn by bulb B to the power drawn by bulb A if the line voltages are

Showing 12100 - 12200 of 21795

First
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
Last

Physics 2nd edition Alan Giambattista, Betty Richardson, Robert Richardson - Solutions

Step by Step Answers