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Physics 2nd edition Alan Giambattista, Betty Richardson, Robert Richardson - Solutions

An astronaut stands at a position on the Moon such that Earth is directly over head and releases a Moon rock that was in her hand. (a) Which way will it fall? (b) What is the gravitational force exerted by the Moon on a 1.0-kg rock resting on the Moon's surface? (c) What is the gravitational
Alex is on stage playing his bass guitar. Estimate the magnitude of the gravitational attraction between Alex and Pat, a fan who is standing 8 m from Alex. Alex has a mass of 55 kg and Pat has a mass of 40 kg.
The Space Shuttle carries a satellite in its cargo bay and places it into orbit around the Earth. Find the ratio of the Earth's gravitational force on the satellite when it is on a launch pad at the Kennedy Space Center to the gravitational force exerted when the satellite is orbiting 6.00 × 103
How far above the surface of the Earth does an object have to be in order for it to have the same weight as it would have on the surface of the Moon? (Ignore any effects from the Earth's gravity for the object on the Moon's surface or from the Moon's gravity for the object above the Earth.)
Find and compare the weight of a 65-kg man on Earth with the weight of the same man on (a) Mars, where g = 3.7 N/kg; (b) Venus, where g = 8.9 N/kg; (c) Earth's Moon, where g = 1.6 N/kg.
Find the altitudes above the Earth's surface where Earth's gravitational field strength would be (a) Two thirds (b) One third of its value at the surface.
During a balloon ascension, wearing an oxygen mask, you measure the weight of a calibrated 5.00-kg mass and find that the value of the gravitational field strength at your location is 9.792 N/kg. How high above sea level, where the gravitational field strength was measured to be 9.803 N/kg, are you
At what altitude above the Earth's surface would your weight be half of what it is at the Earth's surface?
A force of 20 N is directed at an angle of 60° above the x -axis. A second force of 20 N is directed at an angle of 60° below the x -axis. What is the vector sum of these two forces?
(a) What is the magnitude of the gravitational force that the Earth exerts on the Moon? (b) What is the magnitude of the gravitational force that the Moon exerts on the Earth? See the inside front and back covers for necessary information.
What is the approximate magnitude of the gravitational force between the Earth and the Voyager spacecraft when they are separated by 15 billion km? Each spacecraft has a mass of approximately 825 kg during the mission, although the mass at launch was 2100 kg because of expendable Titan-Centaur
In free fall, we assume the acceleration to be constant. Not only is air resistance ignored, but the gravitational field strength is assumed to be constant. From what height can an object fall to the Earth's surface such that the gravitational field strength changes less than 1.000% during the fall?
A book rests on the surface of the table. Consider the following four forces that arise in this situation: (a) The force of the Earth pulling on the book, (b) The force of the table pushing on the book, (c) The force of the book pushing on the table, (d) The force of the book pulling on the Earth.
A crate full of artichokes rests on a ramp that is inclined 10.0° above the horizontal. Give the direction of the normal force and the friction force acting on the crate in each of these situations. (a) The crate is at rest. (b) The crate is being pushed and is sliding up the ramp. (c) The crate
An 80.0-N crate of apples sits at rest on a ramp that runs from the ground to the bed of a truck. The ramp is inclined at 20.0° to the ground. (a) What is the normal force exerted on the crate by the ramp? (b) The interaction partner of this normal force has what magnitude and direction? It is
An 85-kg skier is sliding down a ski slope at a constant velocity. The slope makes an angle of 11° above the horizontal direction. (a) Ignoring any air resistance, what is the force of kinetic friction acting on the skier? (b) What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the skis and the
The crate is at rest. A crate of potatoes of mass 18.0 kg is on a ramp with angle of incline 30° to the horizontal. The coefficients of friction are μs = 0.75 and μk = 0.40. Find the frictional force (magnitude and direction) on the crate if.
The crate is sliding down the ramp. A crate of potatoes of mass 18.0 kg is on a ramp with angle of incline 30° to the horizontal. The coefficients of friction are μs = 0.75 and μk = 0.40. Find the frictional force (magnitude and direction) on the crate if.
Juan is helping his mother rearrange the living room furniture. Juan pushes on the armchair with a force of 30 N directed at an angle of 15° above a horizontal line while his mother pushes with a force of 40 N directed at an angle of 20° below the same horizontal. What is the vector sum of these
The crate is sliding up the ramp. A crate of potatoes of mass 18.0 kg is on a ramp with angle of incline 30° to the horizontal. The coefficients of friction are μs = 0.75 and μk = 0.40. Find the frictional force (magnitude and direction) on the crate if.
You grab a book and give it a quick push across the top of a horizontal table. After a short push, the book slides across the table, and because of friction, comes to a stop. (a) Draw an FBD of the book while you are pushing it. (b) Draw an FBD of the book after you have stopped pushing it, while
(a) In Example 4.10, if the movers stop pushing on the safe, can static friction hold the safe in place without having it slide back down? (b) If not, what minimum force needs to be applied to hold the safe in place?
A 3.0-kg block is at rest on a horizontal floor. If you push horizontally on the 3.0-kg block with a force of 12.0 N, it just starts to move. (a) What is the coefficient of static friction? (b) A 7.0-kg block is stacked on top of the 3.0-kg block. What is the magnitude F of the force, acting
A horse is trotting along pulling a sleigh through the snow. To move the sleigh, of mass m, straight ahead at a constant speed, the horse must pull with a force of magnitude T. (a) What is the net force acting on the sleigh? (b) What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the sleigh and
Before hanging new William Morris wallpaper in her bedroom, Brenda sanded the walls lightly to smooth out some irregularities on the surface. The sanding block weighs 2.0 N and Brenda pushes on it with a force of 3.0 N at an angle of 30.0° with respect to the vertical, and angled toward the wall.
Four separate blocks are placed side by side in a left-to-right row on a table. A horizontal force, acting toward the right, is applied to the block on the far left end of the row. Draw FBDs for (a) The second block on the left and for (b) The system of four blocks.
A box sits on a horizontal wooden ramp. The coefficient of static friction between the box and the ramp is 0.30. You grab one end of the ramp and lift it up, keeping the other end of the ramp on the ground. What is the angle between the ramp and the horizontal direction when the box begins to slide
In a playground, two slides have different angles of incline θ1 and θ2 (θ2 > θ1). A child slides down the first at constant speed; on the second, his acceleration down the slide is a. Assume the coefficient of kinetic friction is the same for both slides. (a) Find a in terms of θ1, θ2 , and
A sailboat is tied to a mooring with a horizontal line. The wind is from the southwest. Draw an FBD and identify all the forces acting on the sailboat.
In the drawing, what is the vector sum of forces A + B + C if each grid square is 2 N on a side?
A towline is attached between a car and a glider. As the car speeds due east along the runway, the towline exerts a horizontal force of 850 N on the glider. What is the magnitude and direction of the force exerted by the glider on the towline?
In Example 4.14, find the tension in the coupling between cars 2 and 3.
A 200.0-N sign is suspended from a horizontal strut of negligible weight. The force exerted on the strut by the wall is horizontal. Draw an FBD to show the forces acting on the strut. Find the tension T in the diagonal cable supporting the strut.
Two boxes with different masses are tied together on a frictionless ramp surface. What is the tension in each of the cords?
Spring scale A is attached to the floor and a rope runs vertically upward, loops over the pulley, and runs down on the other side to a 120-N weight. Scale B is attached to the ceiling and the pulley is hung below it. What are the readings of the two spring scales, A and B? Neglect the weights of
Two springs are connected in series so that spring scale A hangs from a hook on the ceiling and a second spring scale, B, hangs from the hook at the bottom of scale A. Apples weighing 120 N hang from the hook at the bottom of scale B. What are the readings on the upper scale A and the lower scale
A pulley is hung from the ceiling by a rope. A block of mass M is suspended by another rope that passes over the pulley and is attached to the wall. The rope fastened to the wall makes a right angle with the wall. Ignore the masses of the rope and the pulley. Find(a) The tension in the rope from
A 2.0-kg ball tied to a string fixed to the ceiling is pulled to one side by a force F. Just before the ball is released and allowed to swing back and forth,(a) How large is the force F that is holding the ball in position(b) What is the tension in the string?
A 45-N lithograph is supported by two wires. One wire makes a 25° angle with the vertical and the other makes a 15° angle with the vertical. Find the tension in each wire.
In the drawing, what is the vector sum of forces D + E + F if each grid square is 2 N on a side?
A crow perches on a clothesline midway between two poles. Each end of the rope makes an angle of q below the horizontal where it connects to the pole. If the weight of the crow is W, what is the tension in the rope? Ignore the weight of the rope.
The drawing shows an elastic cord attached to two back teeth and stretched across a front tooth. The purpose of this arrangement is to apply a force F to the front tooth. (The figure has been simplified by running the cord straight from the front tooth to the back teeth.) If the tension in the cord
A cord, with a spring balance to measure forces attached midway along, is hanging from a hook attached to the ceiling. A mass of 10 kg is hanging from the lower end of the cord. The spring balance indicates a reading of 98 N for the force. Then two people hold the opposite ends of the same cord and
Two blocks, masses m1 and m2, are connected by a mass less cord. If the two blocks are pulled with a constant tension on a frictionless surface by applying a force of magnitude T2 to a second cord connected to m2, what is the ratio of the tensions in the two cords T1 / T2 in terms of the masses?
A 6.0-kg block, starting from rest, slides down a frictionless incline of length 2.0 m. When it arrives at the bottom of the incline, its speed is vf. At what distance from the top of the incline is the speed of the block 0.50 vf?
The coefficient of static friction between a block and a horizontal floor is 0.40, while the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.15. The mass of the block is 5.0 kg. A horizontal force is applied to the block and slowly increased. (a) What is the value of the applied horizontal force at the
A 2.0-kg toy locomotive is pulling a 1.0-kg caboose. The frictional force of the track on the caboose is 0.50 N backward along the track. If the train's acceleration forward is 3.0 m/s2, what is the magnitude of the force exerted by the locomotive on the caboose?
A block of mass m1 = 3.0 kg rests on a frictionless horizontal surface. A second block of mass m2 = 2.0 kg hangs from an ideal cord of negligible mass that runs over an ideal pulley and then is connected to the first block. The blocks are released from rest.(a) Find the acceleration of the two
An engine pulls a train of 20 freight cars, each having a mass of 5.0 × 104 kg with a constant force. The cars move from rest to a speed of 4.0 m/s in 20.0 s on a straight track. Ignoring friction, what is the force with which the 10th car pulls the 11th one (at the middle of the train)?
In Fig. 4.44 , two blocks are connected by a lightweight, flexible cord that passes over a frictionless pulley.(a) If m1 = 3.0 kg and m2 = 5.0 kg, what are the accelerations of each block? (b) What is the tension in the cord?
Two of Robin Hood's men are pulling a sledge loaded with some gold along a path that runs due north to their hideout. One man pulls his rope with a force of 62 N at an angle of 12° east of north and the other pulls with the same force at an angle of 12° west of north. Assume the ropes are
A rope is attached from a truck to a 1400-kg car. The rope will break if the tension is greater than 2500 N. Ignoring friction, what is the maximum possible acceleration of the truck if the rope does not break? Should the driver of the truck be concerned that the rope might break?
Two blocks are connected by a lightweight, flexible cord that passes over a frictionless pulley. If m1 = 3.6 kg and m2 = 9.2 kg, and block 2 is initially at rest 140 cm above the floor, how long does it take block 2 to reach the floor?
A 10.0-kg watermelon and a 7.00-kg pumpkin are attached to each other via a cord that wraps over a pulley, as shown. Friction is negligible everywhere in this system.(a) Find the accelerations of the pumpkin and the watermelon. Specify magnitude and direction.(b) If the system is released from
In the physics laboratory, a glider is released from rest on a frictionless air track inclined at an angle. If the glider has gained a speed of 25.0 cm/s in traveling 50.0 cm from the starting point, what was the angle of inclination of the track? Draw a graph of vx (t) when the positive x -axis
A 10.0-kg block is released from rest on a frictionless track inclined at an angle of 55°. (a) What is the net force on the block after it is released? (b) What is the acceleration of the block? (c) If the block is released from rest, how long will it take for the block to attain a speed of 10.0
A box full of books rests on a wooden floor. The normal force the floor exerts on the box is 250 N. (a) You push horizontally on the box with a force of 120 N, but it refuses to budge. What can you say about the coefficient of static friction between the box and the floor? (b) If you must push
A helicopter is lifting two crates simultaneously. One crate with a mass of 200 kg is attached to the helicopter by a cable. The second crate with a mass of 100 kg is hanging below the first crate and attached to the first crate by a cable. As the helicopter accelerates upward at a rate of 1.0
Oliver has a mass of 76.2 kg. He is riding in an elevator that has a downward acceleration of 1.37 m/s2. With what magnitude force does the elevator floor push upward on Oliver?
While on an elevator, Jaden's apparent weight is 550 N. When he is on the ground, the scale reading is 600 N. What is Jaden's acceleration?
When on the ground, Ian's weight is measured to be 640 N. When Ian is on an elevator, his apparent weight is 700 N. What is the net force on the system (Ian and the elevator) if their combined mass is 1050 kg?
Is there anywhere on Earth where a bathroom scale reads your true weight? If so, where? Where does your apparent weight due to Earth's rotation differ most from your true weight
A physics teacher draws a cutaway view of a car rounding a banked curve as a rectangle atop a right triangle. A student draws a coordinate system based on the drawing. Is there another choice of axes that would make the problem easier to solve?
A bridal party is at a rehearsal dinner. The best man challenges the bridegroom to pick up an olive using only a brandy snifter. How does the groom accomplish this task?
Two children ride on a merry-go-round. One is 2 m from the axis of rotation and the other is 4 m from it. Which child has the larger? (a) Linear speed, (b) Acceleration, (c) Angular speed, (d) Angular displacement?
Explain why the orbital radius and the speed of a satellite in circular orbit are not independent.
In uniform circular motion, is the velocity constant? Is the acceleration constant? Explain.
In uniform circular motion, the net force is perpendicular to the velocity and changes the direction of the velocity but not the speed. If a projectile is launched horizontally, the net force (ignoring air resistance) is perpendicular to the initial velocity, and yet the projectile gains speed as
The speed of a satellite in circular orbit around a planet does not depend on the mass of the satellite. Does it depend on the mass of the planet? Explain.
A flywheel (a massive disk) rotates with constant angular acceleration. For a point on the rim of the flywheel, is the tangential acceleration component constant? Is the radial acceleration component constant?
Explain why the force of gravity due to the Earth does not pull the Moon in closer and closer on an inward spiral until it hits Earth's surface.
When a roller coaster takes a sharp turn to the right, it feels as if you are pushed toward the left. Does a force push you to the left? If so, what is it? If not, why does there seem to be such a force?
Verify that all three expressions for radial acceleration (vw, v2/ r, and w2r) have the correct dimensions for an acceleration.
An apparatus is designed to study insects at an acceleration of magnitude 980 m/s2 (= 100 g). The apparatus consists of a 2.0-m rod with insect containers at either end. The rod rotates about an axis perpendicular to the rod and at its center.(a) How fast does an insect move when it experiences a
The rotor is an amusement park ride where people stand against the inside of a cylinder. Once the cylinder is spinning fast enough, the floor drops out.(a) What force keeps the people from falling out the bottom of the cylinder?(b) If the coefficient of friction is 0.40 and the cylinder has a
Objects that are at rest relative to Earth's surface are in circular motion due to Earth's rotation. What is the radial acceleration of an African baobab tree located at the equator?
Earth's orbit around the Sun is nearly circular. The period is 1 yr = 365.25 d. (a) In an elapsed time of 1 d, what is Earth's angular displacement? (b) What is the change in Earth's velocity, Δv? (c) What is Earth's average acceleration during 1 d? (d) Compare your answer for (c) to the
A 0.700-kg ball is on the end of a rope that is 1.30 m in length. The ball and rope are attached to a pole and the entire apparatus, including the pole, rotates about the pole's symmetry axis. The rope makes an angle of 70.0° with respect to the vertical. What is the tangential speed of the
A child's toy has a 0.100-kg ball attached to two strings, A and B. The strings are also attached to a stick and the ball swings around the stick along a circular path in a horizontal plane. Both strings are 15.0 cm long and make an angle of 30.0° with respect to the horizontal.(a) Draw an FBD
A child swings a rock of mass m in a horizontal circle using a rope of length L. The rock moves at constant speed v. (a) Ignoring gravity, find the tension in the rope.(b) Now include gravity (the weight of the rock is no longer negligible, although the weight of the rope still is negligible). What
A conical pendulum consists of a bob (mass m) attached to a string (length L) swinging in a horizontal circle (Fig. 5.11). As the string moves, it sweeps out the area of a cone. The angle that the string makes with the vertical is f.In figure(a) What is the tension in the string? (b) What is the
A curve in a stretch of highway has radius R. The road is unbanked. The coefficient of static friction between the tires and road is μs. (a) What is the fastest speed that a car can safely travel around the curve? (b) Explain what happens when a car enters the curve at a speed greater than the
A highway curve has a radius of 825 m. At what angle should the road be banked so that a car traveling at 26.8 m/s (60 mph) has no tendency to skid sideways on the road?
A curve in a highway has radius of curvature 120 m and is banked at 3.0°. On a day when the road is icy, what is the safest speed to go around the curve?
A roller coaster car of mass 320 kg (including passengers) travels around a horizontal curve of radius 35 m. Its speed is 16 m/s. What is the magnitude and direction of the total force exerted on the car by the track?
A velodrome is built for use in the Olympics. The radius of curvature of the surface is 20.0 m. At what angle should the surface be banked for cyclists moving at 18 m/s? (Choose an angle so that no frictional force is needed to keep the cyclists in their circular path. Large banking angles are used
A car drives around a curve with radius 410 m at a speed of 32 m/s. The road is not banked. The mass of the car is 1400 kg. (a) What is the frictional force on the car? (b) Does the frictional force necessarily have magnitude m s N? Explain.
A car drives around a curve with radius 410 m at a speed of 32 m/s. The road is banked at 5.0°. The mass of the car is 1400 kg. (a) What is the frictional force on the car? (b) At what speed could you drive around this curve so that the force of friction is zero?
A curve in a stretch of highway has radius R. The road is banked at angle θ to the horizontal. The coefficient of static friction between the tires and road is μs. What is the fastest speed that a car can travel through the curve?
An airplane is flying at constant speed v in a horizontal circle of radius r. The lift force on the wings due to the air is perpendicular to the wings. At what angle to the vertical must the wings be banked to fly in this circle?
A road with a radius of 75.0 m is banked so that a car can navigate the curve at a speed of 15.0 m/s without any friction. When a car is going 20.0 m/s on this curve, what minimum coefficient of static friction is needed if the car is to navigate the curve without slipping?
What is the average linear speed of the Earth about the Sun?
Two satellites are in circular orbits around Jupiter. One, with orbital radius r, makes one revolution every 16 h. The other satellite has orbital radius 4.0 r. How long does the second satellite take to make one revolution around Jupiter?
The Hubble Space Telescope orbits Earth 613 km above Earth's surface. What is the period of the telescope's orbit?
Io, one of Jupiter's satellites, has an orbital period of 1.77 d. Europa, another of Jupiter's satellites, has an orbital period of about 3.54 d. Both moons have nearly circular orbits. Use Kepler's third law to find the distance of each satellite from Jupiter's center. Jupiter's mass is 1.9 ×
A spy satellite is in circular orbit around Earth. It makes one revolution in 6.00 h. (a) How high above Earth's surface is the satellite? (b) What is the satellite's acceleration?
Mars has a mass of about 6.42 × 1023 kg. The length of a day on Mars is24 h and 37 min, a little longer than the length of a day on Earth. Your task is to put a satellite into a circular orbit around Mars so that it stays above one spot on the surface, orbiting Mars once each Mars day. At what
A satellite travels around Earth in uniform circular motion at an altitude of 35 800 km above Earth's surface. The satellite is in geosynchronous orbit (that is, the time for it to complete one orbit is exactly 1 d). In the figure with Multiple-Choice Questions 2-5, the satellite moves
A spacecraft is in orbit around Jupiter. The radius of the orbit is 3.0 times the radius of Jupiter (which is RJ = 71 500 km). The gravitational field at the surface of Jupiter is 23 N/kg. What is the period of the spacecraft's orbit?
A roller coaster has a vertical loop with radius 29.5 m. With what minimum speed should the roller coaster car be moving at the top of the loop so that the passengers do not lose contact with the seats?

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