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physics
mechanics

Physics 2nd edition Alan Giambattista, Betty Richardson, Robert Richardson - Solutions

You are standing on a bathroom scale in an elevator. In which of these situations must the scale read the same as when the elevator is at rest? Explain. (a) Moving up at constant speed. (b) Moving up with increasing speed. (c) In free fall (after the elevator cable has snapped).
You are standing on one end of a light wooden raft that has floated 3 m away from the pier. If the raft is 6 m long by 2.5 m wide and you are standing on the raft end nearest to the pier, can you propel the raft back toward the pier where a friend is standing with a pole and hook trying to reach
If a feather and a lead brick are dropped simultaneously from the top of a ladder, the lead brick hits the ground first. What would happen if the experiment is repeated on the surface of the Moon?
An American visitor to Finland is surprised to see heavy metal frames outside of all the apartment buildings. On Saturday morning the purpose of the frames becomes evident when several apartment dwellers appear, carrying rugs and carpet beaters to each frame. What role does the principle of inertia
A baseball is tossed straight up. Taking into consideration the force of air resistance, is the magnitude of the baseball's acceleration zero, less than g, equal to g, or greater than g on the way up? At the top of the flight? On the way down? Explain.
The net force acting on an object is constant. Under what circumstances does the object move along a straight line? Under what circumstances does the object move along a curved path?
You decide to test your physics knowledge while going over a waterfall in a barrel. You take a baseball into the barrel with you and as you are falling vertically downward, you let go of the ball. What do you expect to see for the motion of the ball relative to the barrel? Will the ball fall faster
You are lying on the beach after a dip in the ocean where the waves were buffeting you around. Is it true that there are now no forces acting on you? Explain.
A dog goes swimming at the beach and then shakes himself all over to get dry. What principle of physics aids in the drying process? Explain.
In an attempt to tighten the loosened steel head of a hammer, a carpenter holds the hammer vertically, raises it up, and then brings it down rapidly, hitting the bottom end of the wood handle on a two by four board. Explain how this tightens the head back onto the handle.
When a car begins to move forward, what force makes it do so? Remember that it has to be an external force; the internal forces all add to zero. How does the engine facilitate the propelling force?
Two cars are headed toward each other in opposite directions along a narrow country road. The cars collide head-on, crumpling up the hoods of both. Describe what happens to the car bodies in terms of the principle of inertia. Does the rear end of the car stop at the same time as the front end?
Can a body in free fall be in equilibrium? Explain.
(a) What assumptions do you make when you call the reading of a bathroom scale your "weight"? What does the scale really tell you? (b) Under what circumstances might the reading of the scale not be equal to your weight?
A person is standing on a bathroom scale. Which of the following is not a force exerted on the scale: a contact force due to the floor, a contact force due to the person's feet, the weight of the person, the weight of the scale?
A barge is hauled along a straight-line section of canal by two horses harnessed to tow ropes and walking along the tow paths on either side of the canal. Each horse pulls with a force of 560 N at an angle of 15° with the centerline of the canal. Find the sum of the two forces exerted by the
Refer to Example 4.19. What is the apparent weight of the same passenger (weighing 598 N) in the following situations? In each case, the magnitude of the elevator's acceleration is 0.50 m/s2. (a) After having stopped at the 15th floor, the passenger pushes the 8th floor button; the elevator is
You are standing on a bathroom scale inside an elevator. Your weight is 140 lb, but the reading of the scale is 120 lb. (a) What is the magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the elevator? (b) Can you tell whether the elevator is speeding up or slowing down?
Yolanda, whose mass is 64.2 kg, is riding in an elevator that has an upward acceleration of 2.13 m/s2. What force does she exert on the floor of the elevator?
Felipe is going for a physical before joining the swim team. He is concerned about his weight, so he carries his scale into the elevator to check his weight while heading to the doctor's office on the 21st floor of the building. If his scale reads 750 N while the elevator has an upward acceleration
Luke stands on a scale in an elevator that has a constant acceleration upward. The scale reads 0.960 kN. When Luke picks up a box of mass 20.0 kg, the scale reads 1.200 kN. (The acceleration remains the same.) (a) Find the acceleration of the elevator. (b) Find Luke's weight.
Which of the fundamental forces has the shortest range, yet is responsible for producing the sunlight that reaches Earth?
Which of the fundamental forces governs the motion of planets in the solar system? Is this the strongest or the weakest of the fundamental forces? Explain.
Which of the following forces have an unlimited range: strong force, contact force, electromagnetic force, gravitational force?
Which of the following forces bind electrons to nuclei to form atoms: strong force, contact force, electromagnetic force, gravitational force?
Which of the fundamental forces binds quarks together to form protons, neutrons, and many exotic subatomic particles?
On her way to visit Grandmother, Red Riding Hood sat down to rest and placed her 1.2-kg basket of goodies beside her. A wolf came along, spotted the basket, and began to pull on the handle with a force of 6.4 N at an angle of 25° with respect to vertical. Red was not going to let go easily, so she
A car is driving on a straight, level road at constant speed. Draw an FBD for the car, showing the significant forces that act upon it.
A skier with a mass of 63 kg starts from rest and skis down an icy (frictionless) slope that has a length of 50 m at an angle of 32° with respect to the horizontal. At the bottom of the slope, the path levels out and becomes horizontal, the snow becomes less icy, and the skier begins to slow down,
You want to push a 65-kg box up a 25° ramp. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the ramp and the box is 0.30. With what magnitude force parallel to the ramp should you push on the box so that it moves up the ramp at a constant speed?
An airplane is cruising along in a horizontal level flight at a constant velocity, heading due west. (a) If the weight of the plane is 2.6 × 104 N, what is the net force on the plane? (b) With what force does the air push upward on the plane?
A young boy with a broken leg is undergoing traction.(a) Find the magnitude of the total force of the traction apparatus applied to the leg, assuming the weight of the leg is 22 N and the weight hanging from the traction apparatus is also 22 N.(b) What is the horizontal component of the traction
When you hold up a 100-N weight in your hand, with your forearm horizontal and your palm up, the force exerted by your biceps is much larger than 100 N-perhaps as much as 1000 N. How can that be? What other forces are acting on your arm? Draw an FBD for the forearm, showing all of the forces.
In the sport of curling, popular in Canada and Ireland, a player slides a 20.0-kg granite stone down a 38-mlong ice rink. Draw FBDs for the stone(a) While it sits at rest on the ice;(b) While it slides down the rink;(c) During a head-on collision with an opponent's stone that was at rest on the ice.
A truck is towing a 1000-kg car at a constant speed up a hill that makes an angle of a = 5.0° with respect to the horizontal. A rope is attached from the truck to the car at an angle of b = 10.0° with respect to horizontal. Ignore any friction in this problem.(a) Draw an FBD showing all the
The readings of the two spring scales shown in the drawing are the same.(a) Explain why they are the same.(b) What is the reading?
The tallest spot on Earth is Mt. Everest, which is 8850 m above sea level. If the radius of the Earth to sea level is 6370 km, how much does the gravitational field strength change between the sea level value at that location (9.826 N/kg) and the top of Mt. Everest?
A parked automobile slips out of gear, rolls unattended down a slight incline, and then along a level road until it hits a stone wall. Draw an FBD to show the forces acting on the car while it is in contact with the wall.
By what percentage does the weight of an object change when it is moved from the equator at sea level, where the effective value of g is 9.784 N/kg, to the North Pole where g = 9.832 N/kg?
Two canal workers pull a barge along the narrow waterway at a constant speed. One worker pulls with a force of 105 N at an angle of 28° with respect to the forward motion of the barge and the other worker, on the opposite tow path, pulls at an angle of 38° relative to the barge motion. Both ropes
A large wrecking ball of mass m is resting against a wall. It hangs from the end of a cable that is attached at its upper end to a crane that is just touching the wall.The cable makes an angle of Î¸ with the wall. Ignoring friction between the ball and the wall, find the tension in the
The figure shows the quadriceps and the patellar tendons attached to the patella (the kneecap). If the tension T in each tendon is 1.30 kN, what is(a) The magnitude(b) The direction of the contact force F exerted on the patella by the femur?
The coefficient of static friction between a block and a horizontal floor is 0.35, while the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.22. The mass of the block is 4.6 kg and it is initially at rest. (a) What is the minimum horizontal applied force required to make the block start to slide? (b) Once
Two blocks lie side by side on a frictionless table. The block on the left is of mass m; the one on the right is of mass 2m. The block on the right is pushed to the left with a force of magnitude F, pushing the other block in turn. What force does the block on the left exert on the block to its
A locomotive pulls a train of 10 identical cars, on a track that runs east-west, with a force of 2.0 × 106 N directed east. What is the force with which the last car to the west pulls on the rest of the train?
The coefficient of static friction between a brick and a wooden board is 0.40 and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the brick and board is 0.30. You place the brick on the board and slowly lift one end of the board off the ground until the brick starts to slide down the board. (a) What
A woman of mass 51 kg is standing in an elevator. (a) If the elevator floor pushes up on her feet with a force of 408 N, what is the acceleration of the elevator? (b) If the elevator is moving at 1.5 m/s as it passes the fourth floor on its way down, what is its speed 4.0 s later?
In Fig. 4.15 an astronaut is playing shuffleboard on Earth. The puck has a mass of 2.0 kg. Between the board and puck the coefficient of static friction is 0.35 and of kinetic friction is 0.25. (a) If she pushes the puck with a force of 5.0 N in the forward direction, does the puck move? (b) As
Two objects, A and B, are acted on by the forces shown in the FBDs. Is the magnitude of the net force acting on object B greater than, less than, or equal to the magnitude of the net force acting on object A? Make a scale drawing on graph paper and explain the result.
You want to hang a 15-N picture as in part(a) Using some very fine twine that will break with more than 12 N of tension. Can you do this? What if you have it as illustrated in part (b) of the figure?(a)(b)
A roller coaster is towed up an incline at a steady speed of 0.50 m/s by a chain parallel to the surface of the incline. The slope is 3.0%, which means that the elevation increases by 3.0 m for every 100.0 m of horizontal distance. The mass of the roller coaster is 400.0 kg. Ignoring friction, what
A 320-kg satellite is in orbit around the Earth 16 000 km above the Earth's surface. (a) What is the weight of the satellite when in orbit? (b) What was its weight when it was on the Earth's surface, before being launched? (c) While it orbits the Earth, what force does the satellite exert on the
The mass of the Moon is 0.0123 times that of the Earth. A spaceship is traveling along a line connecting the centers of the Earth and the Moon. At what distance from the Earth does the spaceship find the gravitational pull of the Earth equal in magnitude to that of the Moon? Express your answer as
A model rocket is fired vertically from rest. It has a net acceleration of 17.5 m/s2. After 1.5 s, its fuel is exhausted and its only acceleration is that due to gravity. (a) Ignoring air resistance, how high does the rocket travel? (b) How long after liftoff does the rocket return to the ground?
The model rocket in Problem 134 has a mass of 87 g and you may assume the mass of the fuel is much less than 87 g. (a) What was the net force on the rocket during the first 1.5 s after liftoff? (b) What force was exerted on the rocket by the burning fuel? (c) What was the net force on the rocket
A toy freight train consists of an engine and three identical cars. The train is moving to the right at constant speed along a straight, level track. Three spring scales are used to connect the cars as follows: spring scale A is located between the engine and the first car; scale B is between the
Four identical spring scales, A, B, C, and D are used to hang a 220.0-N sack of potatoes.(a) Assume the scales have negligible weights and all four scales show the same reading. What is the reading of each scale?(b) Suppose that each scale has a weight of 5.0 N. If scales B and D show the same
A computer weighing 87 N rests on the horizontal surface of your desk. The coefficient of friction between the computer and the desk is 0.60. (a) Draw an FBD for the computer. (b) What is the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the computer? (c) How hard would you have to push on it to
A refrigerator magnet weighing 0.14 N is used to hold up a photograph weighing 0.030 N. The magnet attracts the refrigerator door with a magnetic force of 2.10 N. (a) Identify the interactions between the magnet and other objects. (b) Draw an FBD for the magnet, showing all the forces that act on
Find the magnitude and direction of the net force on the object in each of the FBDs for this problem.(a)(b) (c)
A 50.0-kg crate is suspended between the floor and the ceiling using two spring scales, one attached to the ceiling and one to the floor. If the lower scale reads 120 N, what is the reading of the upper scale? Ignore the weight of the scales.
Spring scale A is attached to the ceiling. A 10.0-kg mass is suspended from the scale. A second spring scale, B, is hanging from a hook at the bottom of the 10.0-kg mass and a 4.0-kg mass hangs from the second spring scale. (a) What are the readings of the two scales if the masses of the scales
A crate of oranges weighing 180 N rests on a flatbed truck 2.0 m from the back of the truck. The coefficients of friction between the crate and the bed are μs = 0.30 and μk = 0.20. The truck drives on a straight, level highway at a constant 8.0 m/s. (a) What is the force of friction acting on
A crate of books is to be put on a truck by rolling it up an incline of angle θ using a dolly. The total mass of the crate and the dolly is m. Assume that rolling the dolly up the incline is the same as sliding it up a frictionless surface. (a) What is the magnitude of the horizontal force that
A toy cart of mass m1 moves on frictionless wheels as it is pulled by a string under tension T. A block of mass m2 rests on top of the cart. The coefficient of static friction between the cart and the block is μ. Find the maximum tension T that will not cause the block to slide on the cart if the
A helicopter of mass M is lowering a truck of mass m onto the deck of a ship. (a) At first, the helicopter and the truck move downward together (the length of the cable doesn't change). If their downward speed is decreasing at a rate of 0.10 g, what is the tension in the cable? (b) As the truck
The coefficient of static friction between block A and a horizontal floor is 0.45 and the coefficient of static friction between block B and the floor is 0.30. The mass of each block is 2.0 kg and they are connected together by a cord. (a) If a horizontal force F pulling on block B is slowly
Tamar wants to cut down a large, dead poplar tree with her chain saw, but she does not want it to fall onto the nearby gazebo. Yoojin comes to help with a long rope. Yoojin, a physicist, suggests they tie the rope taut from the poplar to the oak tree and then pull sideways on the rope as shown in
A student's head is bent over her physics book. The head weighs 50.0 N and is supported by the muscle force F m exerted by the neck extensor muscles and by the contact force Fc exerted at the atlantooccipital joint. Given that the magnitude of F m is 60.0 N and is directed 35° below the
(a) If a spacecraft moves in a straight line between the Earth and the Sun, at what point would the force of gravity on the spacecraft due to the Sun be as large as that due to the Earth? (b) If the spacecraft is close to, but not at, this equilibrium point, does the net force on the spacecraft
A truck driving on a level highway is acted on by the following forces: a downward gravitational force of 52 kN (kilonewtons); an upward contact force due to the road of 52 kN; another contact force due to the road of 7 kN, directed east; and a drag force due to air resistance of 5 kN, directed
While trying to decide where to hang a framed picture, you press it against the wall to keep it from falling. The picture weighs 5.0 N and you press against the frame with a force of 6.0 N at an angle of 40° from the vertical.(a) What is the direction of the normal force exerted on the picture
In a movie, a stuntman places himself on the front of a truck as the truck accelerates. The coefficient of friction between the stuntman and the truck is 0.65. The stuntman is not standing on anything but can "stick" to the front of the truck as long as the truck continues to accelerate. What
An airplane of mass 2800 kg has just lifted off the runway. It is gaining altitude at a constant 2.3 m/s while the horizontal component of its velocity is increasing at a rate of 0.86 m/s2. Assume g = 9.81 m/s2. (a) Find the direction of the force exerted on the airplane by the air. (b) Find the
In the figure with Problem 87, the block of mass m1 slides to the right with coefficient of kinetic friction Î¼k on a horizontal surface. The block is connected to a hanging block of mass m2 by a light cord that passes over a light, frictionless pulley.(a) Find the acceleration of each of the
A sailboat, tied to a mooring with a line, weighs 820 N. The mooring line pulls horizontally toward the west on the sailboat with a force of 110 N. The sails are stowed away and the wind blows from the west. The boat is moored on a still lake-no water currents push on it. Draw an FBD for the
You are pulling a suitcase through the airport at a constant speed. The handle of the suitcase makes an angle of 60° with respect to the horizontal direction. If you pull with a force of 5.0 N parallel to the handle, what is the contact force due to the floor acting on the suitcase?
A model sailboat is slowly sailing west across a pond at 0.33 m/s. A gust of wind blowing at 28° south of west gives the sailboat a constant acceleration of magnitude 0.30 m/s2 during a time interval of 2.0 s. (a) If the net force on the sailboat during the 2.0-s interval has magnitude 0.375 N,
A man is lazily floating on an air mattress in a swimming pool. If the weight of the man and air mattress together is 806 N, what is the upward force of the water acting on the mattress?
A bag of potatoes with weight 39.2 N is suspended from a string that exerts a force of 46.8 N. If the bag's acceleration is upward at 1.90 m/s2, what is the mass of the potatoes?
A 2010-kg elevator moves with an upward acceleration of 1.50 m/s2. What is the force exerted by the cable on the elevator?
While an elevator of mass 2530 kg moves upward, the force exerted by the cable is 33.6 kN. (a) What is the acceleration of the elevator? (b) If at some point in the motion the velocity of the elevator is 1.20 m/s upward, what is the elevator's velocity 4.00 s later?
The vertical component of the acceleration of a sailplane is zero when the air pushes up against its wings with a force of 3.0 kN. (a) Assuming that the only forces on the sailplane are that due to gravity and that due to the air pushing against its wings, what is the gravitational force on the
A man lifts a 2.0-kg stone vertically with his hand at a constant upward velocity of 1.5 m/s. What is the magnitude of the total force of the man's hand on the stone?
A man lifts a 2.0-kg stone vertically with his hand at a constant upward acceleration of 1.5 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the total force of the man's hand on the stone?
What is the acceleration of an automobile of mass 1.40 × 103 kg when it is subjected to a forward force of 3.36 × 103 N?
A large wooden crate is pushed along a smooth, frictionless surface by a force of 100 N. The acceleration of the crate is measured to be 2.5 m/s2. What is the mass of the crate?
The forces on a small airplane (mass 1160 kg) in horizontal flight heading eastward are as follows: gravity = 16.000 kN downward, lift = 16.000 kN upward, thrust = 1.800 kN eastward, and drag = 1.400 kN westward. At t = 0, the plane's speed is 60.0 m/s. If the forces remain constant, how far does
While an elevator of mass 832 kg moves downward, the tension in the supporting cable is a constant 7730 N. Between t = 0 and t = 4.00 s, the elevator's displacement is 5.00 m downward. What is the elevator's speed at t = 4.00 s?
A hanging potted plant is suspended by a cord from a hook in the ceiling. Draw an FBD for each of these:(a) The system consisting of plant, soil, and pot; (b) The cord; (c) The hook; (d) The system consisting of plant, soil, pot, cord, and hook. Label each force arrow using subscripts (for example,
A bike is hanging from a hook in a garage. Consider the following forces: (a) The force of the Earth pulling down on the bike, (b) The force of the bike pulling up on the Earth, (c) The force of the hook pulling up on the bike, (d) The force of the hook pulling down on the ceiling. Which two
A woman who weighs 600 N sits on a chair with her feet on the floor and her arms resting on the chair's armrests. The chair weighs 100 N. Each armrest exerts an upward force of 25 N on her arms. The seat of the chair exerts an upward force of 500 N. (a) What force does the floor exert on her feet?
A fisherman is holding a fishing rod with a large fish suspended from the line of the rod. Identify the forces acting on the rod and their interaction partners.
A fish is suspended by a line from a fishing rod. Choose two forces acting on the fish and describe the interaction partner of each.
A skydiver, who weighs 650 N, is falling at a constant speed with his parachute open. Consider the apparatus that connects the parachute to the skydiver to be part of the parachute. The parachute pulls upward with a force of 620 N. (a) What is the force of the air resistance acting on the
Margie, who weighs 543 N, is standing on a bathroom scale that weighs 45 N. (a) With what force does the scale push up on Margie? (b) What is the interaction partner of that force? (c) With what force does the Earth push up on the scale? (d) Identify the interaction partner of that force.
(a) Calculate your weight in newtons. (b) What is the weight in newtons of 250 g of cheese? (c) Name a common object whose weight is about 1 N.
Does the concept of a contact force apply to both a macroscopic scale and an atomic scale? Explain.
A young South African girl has a mass of 40.0 kg. (a) What is her weight in newtons? (b) If she came to the United States, what would her weight be in pounds as measured on an American scale? Assume g = 9.80 N/kg in both locations.
A man weighs 0.80 kN on Earth. What is his mass in kilograms?

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