Question: A particle with integer or half-integer spin (s) has (2 s+1) values of spin with respect to any arbitrary spin quantization axis (mathbf{n}) in the

A particle with integer or half-integer spin \(s\) has \(2 s+1\) values of spin with respect to any arbitrary spin quantization axis \(\mathbf{n}\) in the particle's rest frame. If parity is a good symmetry, a spin eigenstate for a massless particle is a helicity eigenstate with helicity eigenvalues \(\pm s\). If parity is not conserved, then a single helicity eigenstate is possible with eigenvalue either \(+s\) or \(-s\). As succinctly as you can, summarize the key reasons for this result.

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