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business statistics a first course
Business Statistics A First Course 8th Edition David M. Levine, Kathryn A. Szabat, David F. Stephan - Solutions
Given a normal distribution with μ = 100 and σ = 10, if you select a sample of n = 25, what is the probability that X̅ isa. Less than 95?b. Between 95 and 97.5?c. Above 102.2?d. There is a 65% chance that X̅ is above what value?
Given a normal distribution with μ = 50 and σ = 5, if you select a sample of n = 100, what is the probability that X̅ isa. Less than 47?b. Between 47 and 49.5?c. Above 51.1?d. There is a 35% chance that X̅ is above what value?
For each of the following three populations, indicate what the sampling distribution for samples of 25 would consist of:a. Customer receipts for a supermarket for a year.b. Insurance payouts in a particular geographical area in a year.c. Call center logs of inbound calls tracking handling time for
The amount of water in a two-liter bottle is approximately normally distributed with a mean of 2.05 liters with a standard deviation of 0.025 liter.a. What is the probability that an individual bottle contains less than 2.03 liters?b. If a sample of 4 bottles is selected, what is the probability
The weight of an energy bar is approximately normally distributed with a mean of 42.05 grams with a standard deviation of 0.025 gram.a. What is the probability that an individual energy bar contains less than 42.035 grams?b. If a sample of 4 energy bars is selected, what is the probability that the
According to a report by App Annie, a business intelligence company that produces tools and reports for the apps and digital goods industry, smartphone owners are using an average of 30 apps per month.Assume that number of apps used per month by smartphone owners is normally distributed and that
The diameter of a brand of tennis balls is approximately normally distributed, with a mean of 2.63 inches and a standard deviation of 0.03 inch. If you select a random sample of nine tennis balls,a. What is the sampling distribution of the mean?b. What is the probability that the sample mean is
The following data represent the responses (Y for yes and N for no) from a sample of 40 college students to the question “Do you currently own shares in any stocks?”a. Determine the sample proportion, p, of college students who own shares of stock.b. If the population proportion is 0.30,
In a random sample of 64 people, 48 are classified as “successful.”a. Determine the sample proportion, p, of “successful” people.b. If the population proportion is 0.70, determine the standard error of the proportion.
A random sample of 50 households was selected for a phone (landline and cellphone) survey. The key question asked was, “Do you or any member of your household own an Apple product (iPhone, iPod, iPad, or Mac computer)?” Of the 50 respondents, 20 said yes, and 30 said no.a. Determine the sample
What do millennials around the world want in a job? A Deloitte survey of millennials on work-life challenges found that millennials are looking for stability in an uncertain world, with 65% of millennials preferring a permanent, full-time job rather than working freelance or as a consultant on a
The goal of corporate sustainability is to manage the environmental, economic, and social effects of a corporation’s operations so it is profitable over the long-term while acting in a responsible manner to society. An international study by Unilever reveals that 33% of consumers are choosing to
According to the MSCI 2016 Survey of Women on Boards, women hold 20% of director seats on U.S. corporate boards. This study also reports that 34% of U.S. companies have three or more female board directors.If you select a random sample of 200 U.S. companies,a. What is the probability that the
The topic of global warming increasingly appears in the news. It has the potential to impact companies’ operations through changes in governmental regulations, new reporting requirements, necessary operational changes, and so on. The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) conducted a survey of
Original digital video is defined as professionally produced video only for ad-supported online distribution and viewing (not TV). An IAB study on the state of original digital video showed that original data video is becoming increasingly popular. According to IAB data, 26% of American adults 18+
What is the difference between a population distribution and a sampling distribution?
Toss a coin 10 times and record the number of heads. If each student performs this experiment five times, a frequency distribution of the number of heads can be developed from the results of the entire class. Does this distribution seem to approximate the normal distribution?
Why does widening the confidence interval (thereby making it less precise) increase confidence for a given sample size, n?
What is meant by the power of a test?
What is meant by a p-value?
What is the six-step critical value approach to hypothesis testing?
What is the six-step p-value approach to hypothesis testing?
Under what conditions should you use the F test to examine possible differences in the variances of two independent populations?
What are the assumptions of ANOVA?
What is the interpretation of the coefficient of determination?
When and how do you use the Durbin-Watson statistic?
The business problem facing a consumer products company is to measure the effectiveness of different types of advertising media in the promotion of its products. Specifically, the company is interested in the effectiveness of radio advertising and newspaper advertising (including the cost of
Starbucks Coffee Co. uses a data-based approach for improving the quality and customer satisfaction of its products. When survey data indicated that Starbucks needed to improve its package sealing process, an experiment was conducted to determine the factors in the bag-sealing equipment that might
Movie companies need to predict the gross receipts of individual movies once the movie has debuted. The following results, stored in PotterMovies , are the first weekend gross, the U.S. gross, and the worldwide gross (in $millions) of the Harry Potter movies.a. Perform a cluster analysis using the
The file Cereals contains the calories, carbohydrates, and sugar, in grams, in one serving of seven breakfast cereals.a. Perform a cluster analysis using the complete linkage method on the cereals based on the calories, carbohydrates, and sugar in grams.b. What conclusions can you reach about which
The file Protein contains calorie and cholesterol information for popular protein foods (fresh red meats, poultry, and fish) compiled by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.a. Perform a cluster analysis using the complete linkage method on the protein foods based on the calories and cholesterol, in
Movie companies need to predict the gross receipts of individual movies once the movie has debuted. The following results, stored in PotterMovies , are the first weekend gross, the U.S. gross, and the worldwide gross (in $millions) of the Harry Potter movies.a. Perform a multidimensional scaling
The file Cereals contains the calories, carbohydrates, and sugar, in grams, in one serving of seven breakfast cereals.a. Perform a multidimensional scaling analysis on the cereals based on the calories, carbohydrates, and sugar in grams.b. What conclusions can you reach about which cereals are most
The production of wine is a multibillion-dollar worldwide industry. In an attempt to develop a model of wine quality as judged by wine experts, data were collected from red and white wine variants of Portuguese “Vinho Verde” wine.The population of 6,497 wines is stored in VinhoVerde Population
The file FTMBA contains a sample of top-ranked full-time MBA programs. Variables included are mean starting salary upon graduation ($), percentage of students with job offers within three months of graduation, program cost ($), and total number of students per program.a. Using all the data as the
Nassau County is located approximately 25 miles east of New York City. Data in GlenCove are from a sample of 30 single-family homes located in Glen Cove. Variables included are the fair market value, land area of the property (acres), interior size of the house (square feet), age (years), number of
In recent years, the share of Greek yogurts in the U.S. yogurt market has grown from 1% to over 50%, greatly increasing the variety of Greek yogurts available for sale. The file Yogurt contains the attributes of 17 regular plain, Greek plain, and regular berry yogurts.a. Perform a cluster analysis
For each of the following variables, determine whether the variable is categorical or numerical. If the variable is numerical, determine whether the variable is discrete or continuous.a. Number of cell phones in the householdb. Monthly data usage (in MB)c. Number of text messages exchanged per
The following information is collected from students upon exiting the campus bookstore during the first week of classes.a. Amount of time spent shopping in the bookstoreb. Number of textbooks purchasedc. Academic majord. Gender Classify each variable as categorical or numerical.
For each of the following variables, determine whether the variable is categorical or numerical. If the variable is numerical, determine whether the variable is discrete or continuous.a. Name of Internet service providerb. Time, in hours, spent surfing the Internet per weekc. Whether the individual
For each of the following variables, determine whether the variable is categorical or numerical. If the variable is numerical, determine whether the variable is discrete or continuous.a. Amount of money spent on clothing in the past monthb. Favorite department storec. Most likely time period during
Suppose the following information is collected from Robert Keeler on his application for a home mortgage loan at the Metro County Savings and Loan Association.a. Monthly payments: $2,227b. Number of jobs in past 10 years: 1c. Annual family income: $96,000d. Marital status: MarriedClassify each of
One of the variables most often included in surveys is income. Sometimes the question is phrased, “What is your income (in thousands of dollars)?” In other surveys, the respondent is asked to “Select the circle corresponding to your income level” and is given a number of income ranges to
If two students both score 90 on the same examination, what arguments could be used to show that the underlying variable—test score—is continuous?
The director of market research at a large department store chain wanted to conduct a survey throughout a metropolitan area to determine the amount of time working women spend shopping for clothing in a typical month.a. Indicate the type of data the director might want to collect.b. Develop a first
The registrar of a university with a population of N = 4,000 full-time students is asked by the president to conduct a survey to measure satisfaction with the quality of life on campus. The following table contains a breakdown of the 4,000 registered full-time students, by gender and class
The American Community Survey (www.census.gov/acs) provides data every year about communities in the United States. Addresses are randomly selected, and respondents are required to supply answers to a series of questions.a. Which of the sources of data best describe the American Community Survey?b.
Visit the home page of the Statistics Portal “Statista” at www .statista.com. Examine one of the “Popular infographic topics” in the Infographics section on that page. What type of data source is the information presented here based on?
For a population containing N = 902 individuals, what code number would you assign fora. The first person on the list?b. The fortieth person on the list?c. The last person on the list?
Given a population of N = 93, starting in row 29, column 01 of the table of random numbers (Table E.1), and reading across the row, select a sample of N = 15a. without replacement.b. with replacement.
The cell phone brands owned by a sample of 20 respondents were: Apple, Samsung, Appel, Nokia, Blackberry, HTC, Apple, Samsung, HTC, LG, Blueberry, Samsung, Samsung, APPLE, Motorola, Apple, Samsun, Apple, Samsunga. Clean these data and identify any irregularities in the data.b. Are there any missing
An amusement park company owns three hotels on an adjoining site. A guest relations manager wants to study the time it takes for shuttle buses to travel from each of the hotels to the amusement park entrance. Data were collected on a particular day for the recorded travel times in minutes.a.
A hotel management company runs 10 hotels in a resort area. The hotels have a mix of pricing—some hotels have budgetpriced rooms, some have moderate-priced rooms, and some have deluxe-priced rooms. Data are collected that indicate the number of rooms that are occupied at each hotel on each day of
A simple random sample of n = 300 full-time employees is selected from a company list containing the names of all N = 5,000 full-time employees in order to evaluate job satisfaction.a. Give an example of possible coverage error.b. Give an example of possible nonresponse error.c. Give an example of
Results of a 2017 Computer Services, Inc. (CSI) survey of a sample of 163 bank executives reveal insights on banking priorities among financial institutions (goo.gl/ mniYMM). As financial institutions begin planning for a new year, of utmost importance is boosting profitability and identifying
A recent PwC survey of 1,379 CEOs from a wide range of industries representing a mix of company sizes from Asia, Europe, and the Americas indicated that CEOs are firmly convinced that it is harder to gain and retain people’s trust in an increasingly digitalized world (pwc.to/2jFLzjF). Fifty-eight
A recent survey points to tremendous revenue potential and consumer value in leveraging driver and vehicle data in the automobile industry. The 2017 KPMG Global Automotive Executive Study found that automobile executives believe data will be the fuel for future business models and that they will
What is the difference between a sample and a population?
What is the difference between a statistic and a parameter?
What is the difference between a discrete numerical variable and a continuous numerical variable?
What is the difference between unstacked and stacked variables?
What is the difference between sampling error and measurement error?
Visit the official website for Microsoft Excel (products.office.com/excel), Minitab (www.minitab.com), or JMP (www.jmp.com). Review the features of the program you chose and then state the ways the program could be useful in statistical analysis.
Results of a 2017 Computer Services, Inc. (CSI) survey of a sample of 163 bank executives reveal insights on banking priorities among financial institutions (goo.gl/mniYMM). As financial institutions begin planning for a new year, of utmost importance is boosting profitability and identifying
The Gallup organization releases the results of recent polls on its website, www.gallup.com. Visit this site and read an article of interest.a. Describe the population of interest.b. Describe the sample that was collected.c. Describe a parameter of interest.d. Describe the statistic used to
A recent PwC survey of 1,379 CEOs from a wide range of industries representing a mix of company sizes from Asia, Europe, and the Americas indicated that CEOs are firmly convinced that it is harder to gain and retain people’s trust in an increasingly digitalized world (pwc.to/2jFLzjF). Fifty-eight
The American Community Survey (www.census.gov/acs) provides data every year about communities in the United States. Addresses are randomly selected and respondents are required to supply answers to a series of questions.a. Describe a variable for which data are collected.b. Is the variable
Download and examine Zarca Interactive’s “Sample Survey for Associations/Sample Questions for Surveys for Associations,” available at bit.ly/2p5HlGO.a. Give an example of a categorical variable included in the survey.b. Give an example of a numerical variable included in the survey.
Three professors examined awareness of four widely disseminated retirement rules among employees at the University of Utah. These rules provide simple answers to questions about retirement planning (R. N. Mayer, C. D. Zick, and M. Glaittle, “Public Awareness of Retirement Planning Rules of
The Energy Information Administration reported the following sources of electricity in the United States in July 2017.What conclusions can you reach about the source of energy in July 2017? Source Coal Hydroelectric Natural gas Other gas Nuclear Petroleum coke and liquids Renewable sources other
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau reports on consumer financial product and service complaint submissions by state, category, and company. The following table, stored in FinancialComplaints1, represents complaints received from Louisiana consumers by complaint category for 2016.a. Compute
The following table, stored in Smartphone Sales , represents the annual market share (percentage) of smartphones, by type, for the years 2011 through 2016.a. What conclusions can you reach about the market for smartphones in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016.b. What differences are there in
A sample of companies were asked three questions about analytics and artificial intelligence usage and their answers stored in Business Analytics , Machine Learning , and Self-learning Robots . The following tables summarize those answers.What conclusions can you reach about the differences in the
Social media provides an enormous amount of data about the activities and habits of people using social platforms like Facebook and Twitter. The belief is that mining that data provides a treasure trove for those who seek to quantify and predict future human behavior. A marketer is planning a
Timetric’s 2016 survey of insurance professionals explores the use of technology in the industry. The file Technologies contains the responses to the question that asked what technologies these professionals expected to be most used by the insurance industry in the coming year. Those responses
A survey of 1,520 Americans adults asked “Do you feel overloaded with too much information?” The results indicate that 23% of females feel information overload compared to 17% of males. The results are:a. Construct contingency tables based on total percentages, row percentages, and column
Planning and preparing for the unexpected, especially in response to a security incident, is one of the greatest challenges faced by information technology professionals today. An incident is described as any violation of policy, law, or unacceptable act that involves information assets. Incident
A study of selected Kickstarter projects showed that overall a majority were successful, achieving their goal and raising, at a minimum, the targeted amounts. In an effort to identify project types that influence success, selected projects were subdivided into project categories (Film & Video,
The file NBACost contains the total cost ($) for four tickets purchased on the secondary market, two beers, two soft drinks, two hot dogs, and one parking space at each of the 30 National Basketball Association arenas during a recent season. These costs were:a. Organize these costs as an ordered
The file Utility contains the following data about the cost of electricity (in $) during July 2018 for a random sample of 50 one-bedroom apartments in a large city.a. Construct a frequency distribution and a percentage distribution that have class intervals with the upper class boundaries $99,
An Ipsos poll asked 1,004 adults “If purchasing a used car made certain upgrades or features more affordable, what would be your preferred luxury upgrade?” The results indicated that 9% of males and 14% of females answered window tinting.The poll description did not state the sample sizes of
Data were collected on salaries of compliance specialists in corporate accounting firms. The salaries ranged from $61,000 to $261,000.a. If these salaries were grouped into six class intervals, indicate the class boundaries.b. What class interval width did you choose?c. What are the six class
Call centers today play an important role in managing day-today business communications with customers. Call centers must be monitored with a comprehensive set of metrics so that businesses can better understand the overall performance of those centers. One key metric for measuring overall call
How much time do commuters living in or near cities spend commuting to work each week? The file CommutingTime contains the average weekly commuting time in 30 U.S. cities.For the weekly commuting time data,a. Construct a frequency distribution and a percentage distribution.b. Construct a cumulative
How do college students spend their day? The 2016 American Time Use Survey for college students found the following results:a. Construct a bar chart, a pie or doughnut chart, and a Pareto chart.b. Which graphical method do you think is best for portraying these data?c. What conclusions can you
The file Drink contains the following data for the amount of soft drink (in liters) in a sample of fifty 2-liter bottles:a. Construct a cumulative percentage distribution.b. On the basis of the results of (a), does the amount of soft drink filled in the bottles concentrate around specific values?
How do the average credit scores of people living in different American cities differ? The data in Credit Scores is an ordered array of the average credit scores of 2,570 American cities.a. Construct a frequency distribution and a percentage distribution.b. Construct a cumulative percentage
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau reports on consumer financial product and service complaint submissions by state, category, and company. The following table, stored in FinancialComplaints1 , represents complaints received from Louisiana consumers by complaint category for 2016.a. Construct
One operation of a mill is to cut pieces of steel into parts that will later be used as the frame for front seats in an automobile. The steel is cut with a diamond saw and requires the resulting parts to be within {0.005 inch of the length specified by the automobile company. Data are collected
The following table indicates the percentage of residential electricity consumption in the United States, in a recent year organized by type of use.a. Construct a bar chart, a pie chart, and a Pareto chart.b. Which graphical method do you think is best suited for portraying the table data?c. What
The file Bulbs contains the life (in hours) of a sample of forty 6-watt light emitting diode (LED) light bulbs produced by Manufacturer A and a sample of forty 6-watt LED light bulbs produced by Manufacturer B.a. Construct a frequency distribution and a percentage distribution for each
The Energy Information Administration reported the following sources of electricity in the United States in July 2017:a. Construct a Pareto chart.b. What percentage of power is derived from coal, nuclear, or natural gas?c. Construct a pie chart.d. For this table data, do you prefer using a Pareto
Timetric’s 2016 survey of insurance professionals explores the use of technology in the industry. The file Technologies contains the responses to the question that asked what technologies these professionals expect to be most used by the insurance industry in the coming year.a. Construct a bar
A survey of online shoppers revealed that in a recent year they bought more of their purchases online than in stores. The data in OnlineShopping reveals how their purchases were made.a. Construct a bar chart, a pie or doughnut chart, and a Pareto chart.b. Which graphical method do you think is best
A study of selected Kickstarter projects showed that overall a majority were successful, achieving their goal and raising, at a minimum, the targeted amounts. In an effort to identify project types that influence success, selected projects were subdivided into project categories (Film & Video,
A survey of 1,520 American adults asked, “Do you feel overloaded with too much information?” The results indicate that 23% of females feel information overload compared to 17% of males. The results are:a. Construct a side-by-side bar chart of overloaded with too much information and gender.b.
The following is a stem-and-leaf display representing the gallons of gasoline purchased (with leaves in tenths of gallons), for a sample of 25 cars that use a particular service station on the New Jersey Turnpike:a. Construct an ordered array.b. Which of these two displays seems to provide more
The file Utility contains the following data about the cost of electricity during July of a recent year for a random sample of 50 one-bedroom apartments in a large city:a. Construct a histogram and a percentage polygon.b. Construct a cumulative percentage polygon.c. Around what amount does the
As player salaries have increased, the cost of attending baseball games has increased dramatically. The following histogram visualizes the total cost (in $) for two tickets, two beers, two hot dogs, and parking for one vehicle at each of the 30 Major League Baseball parks during a recent season
The following histogram and cumulative percentage polygon on page 70 visualize the data about the property taxes on a $176K home for the 50 states and the District of Columbia, stored in Property Taxes .What conclusions can you reach concerning the property taxes per capita?
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