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Operations Management Sustainability And Supply Chain Management Global Edition 12th Edition Jay Heizer, Barry Render, Chuck Munson - Solutions
Define shadow price (or dual value).
When introducing an additional constraint, what will happen to the solution of the optimization problem?
Why is the diet problem, in practice, applicable for animals but not particularly for people?
How will a minimizing problem differ from a maximizing problem?
Under what circumstances is the objective function more important than the constraints in a linear programming model?
A calculated optimal solution to a LP max problem is not always chosen. Explain why.
Define the feasible region of a graphical LP problem. What is a feasible solution?
What is a “corner point”? Explain why solutions to linear programming problems focus on corner points.
List at least four applications of linear programming problems.
A decision tree is preferable to a decision table when:a) a number of sequential decisions are to be made.b) probabilities are available.c) the maximax criterion is used.d) the objective is to maximize regret.
On a decision tree, once the tree has been drawn and the payoffs and probabilities have been placed on the tree, the analysis (computing EMVs and selecting the best alternative):a) is done by working backward (starting on the right and moving to the left).b) is done by working forward (starting on
The most that a person should pay for perfect information is:a) the EVPI.b) the maximum EMV minus the minimum EMV.c) the minimum EMV.d) the maximum EMV.
What is the EMV for Alternative 1 in the following decision table?
If probabilities are available to the decision maker, then the decision-making environment is called:a) certainty.b) uncertainty.c) risk.d) none of the above.
In decision table terminology, a course of action or a strategy that may be chosen by a decision maker is called a(n):a) payoff.b) alternative.c) state of nature.d) all of the above.
On a decision tree, at each state-of-nature node:a) the alternative with the greatest EMV is selected.b) an EMV is calculated.c) all probabilities are added together.d) the branch with the highest probability is selected.
On the opening page of Module A and in Example A8, we follow the poker decision made by Paul Phillips against veteran T.J. Cloutier. Create a decision tree that corresponds with the decision made by Phillips.
Themachine shop is a retailer for tools for carpenters.Their top selling product is a revolutionary saw which sells for 999€. However, they are short on cash and try to hold the storage as short as possible. A customer interested in the saw buys with probability 0.8 if the saw is in shop. IF he
Philip Musa can build either a large electronics section or a small one in his Birmingham drugstore. He can also gather additional information or simply do nothing. If he gathers additional information, the results could suggest either a favorable or an unfavorable market, but it would cost him
The pharmaceutical company Neuronome is in late clinical phase of a new cancer treatment. However, their competitor Immunoneuron is also in late clinical phase of a pharmaceutical for the same treatment as Neuronome. That is at least what they assume. They have a decision to be made about
Jonatan Jelen is considering opening a bicycle shop in New York City. Jonatan enjoys biking, but this is to be a business endeavor from which he expects to make a living. He can open a small shop, a large shop, or no shop at all. Because there will be a 5-year lease on the building that Jonatan is
Joseph Biggs owns his own ice cream truck and lives 30 miles from a Florida beach resort. The sale of his products is highly dependent on his location and on the weather. At the resort, his profit will be $120 per day in fair weather, $10 per day in bad weather. At home, his profit will be $70 in
Dwayne Whitten, president of Whitten Industries, is considering whether to build a manufacturing plant in north Texas. His decision is summarized in the following table:a) Construct a decision tree.b) Determine the best strategy using expected monetary value(EMV).c) What is the expected value of
Ronald Lau, chief engineer at South Dakota Electronics, has to decide whether to build a new state-of-the-art processing facility. If the new facility works, the company could realize a profit of $200,000. If it fails, South Dakota Electronics could lose $180,000. At this time, Lau estimates a 60%
The city of Belgrade, Serbia, is contemplating building a second airport to relieve congestion at the main airport and is considering two potential sites, X and Y. Hard Rock Hotels would like to purchase land to build a hotel at the new airport. The value of land has been rising in anticipation and
Deborah Hollwager, a concessionaire for the Amway Center in Orlando, has developed a table of conditional values for the various alternatives (stocking decisions) and states of nature(size of crowd):
Palmer Jam Company is a small manufacturer of several different jam products. One product is an organic jam that has no preservatives, sold to retail outlets. Susan Palmer must decide how many cases of jam to manufacture each month. The probability that demand will be 6 cases is .1, for 7 cases it
The University of Miami bookstore stocks textbooks in preparation for sales each semester. It normally relies on departmental forecasts and preregistration records to determine how many copies of a text are needed. Preregistration shows 90 operations management students enrolled, but bookstore
Consider the following decision table, which Joe Blackburn has developed for Vanderbilt Enterprises:Which decision alternative maximizes the expected value of the payoff ?
Zhu Manufacturing is considering the introduction of a family of new products. Long-term demand for the product group is somewhat predictable, so the manufacturer must be concerned with the risk of choosing a process that is inappropriate.Faye Zhu is VP of operations. She can choose among batch
Leah Johnson, director of Urgent Care of Brookline, wants to increase capacity to provide low-cost flu shots but must decide whether to do so by hiring another full-time nurse or by using part-time nurses. The table below shows the expected costs of the two options for three possible demand levels:
The following payoff table provides profits based on various possible decision alternatives and various levels of demand at Robert Klassan’s print shop:The probability of low demand is 0.4, whereas the probability of high demand is 0.6.a) What is the highest possible expected monetary value?b)
Adam Smith Trading company wants to increase their markets and wants to make business in more countries. They have done a pre study about costs for opening offices and approximate yearly profits (all numbers in 1000 €). It is as follows Which of the following locations would the manager do if he
Howard Weiss, Inc., is considering building a sensitive new radiation scanning device. His managers believe that there is a probability of 0.4 that the ATR Co. will come out with a competitive product. If Weiss adds an assembly line for the product and ATR Co. does not follow with a competitive
Jeffrey Helm owns a health and fitness center called Bulk-Up in Harrisburg. He is considering adding more floor space to meet increasing demand. He will either add no floor space (N), a moderate area of floor space (M), a large area of floor space (L), or an area of floor space that doubles the
Andrew Thomas, a sandwich vendor at Hard Rock Cafe’s annual Rockfest, created a table of conditional values for the various alternatives (stocking decision) and states of nature(size of crowd):
Even though independent gasoline stations have been having a difficult time, Ian Langella has been thinking about starting his own independent gasoline station. Ian’s problem is to decide how large his station should be. The annual returns will depend on both the size of his station and a number
Given the following conditional value table, determine the appropriate decision under uncertainty using:a) Maximaxb) Maximinc) Equally likely
Why is a decision tree appropriate for making decisions under risk.Take module F simulation into consideration.
Describe a case where a decision tree will not be the optimal model for decisions.
Why are the maximax and maximin strategies considered to be optimistic and pessimistic, respectively?
Describe how and when making a decision tree will make you do the right decisions.
What is the expected value with perfect information(EVwPI)?
What is the expected value of perfect information (EVPI)?
Explain how decision trees might be used in several of the 10 OM decisions.
What is a decision tree?
Discuss the differences between decision making under certainty, under risk, and under uncertainty.
What is the equally likely decision model?
Give an example of a good decision you made that resulted in a bad outcome. Also give an example of a bad decision you made that had a good outcome. Why was each decision good or bad?
Identify the six steps in the decision process.
_______ maintenance partners operators with maintenance personnel to observe, check, adjust, clean, and notify.a) Partneringb) Operatorc) Breakdownd) Six Sigmae) Autonomous
The appropriate maintenance policy is developed by balancing preventive maintenance costs with breakdown maintenance costs. The problem is that:a) preventive maintenance costs are very difficult to identify.b) full breakdown costs are seldom considered.c) preventive maintenance should be performed,
The two main tactics for improving maintenance are _______ and _______ .
The process that is intended to find potential failures and make changes or repairs is known as:a) breakdown maintenance.b) failure maintenance.c) preventive maintenance.d) all of the above.
What is the formula for the mean time between failures?a) Number of failures 4 Number of unit-hours of operating timeb) Number of unit-hours of operating time ÷ Number of failuresc) (Number of failures 4 Number of units tested) 3 100%d) (Number of units tested 4 Number of failures) 3 100%e) 1 4
The reliability of a system with n independent components equals:a) the sum of the individual reliabilities.b) the minimum reliability among all components.c) the maximum reliability among all components.d) the product of the individual reliabilities.e) the average of the individual reliabilities.
The two main tactics for improving reliability are _______ and _______ .
Discuss the pros and cons of hiring multi-craft maintenance personnel.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving more responsibility for machine maintenance to the operator?
What might be done to help take Frito-Lay to the next level of outstanding maintenance? Consider factors such as sophisticated software.
The fire department has a number of failures with its oxygen masks and is evaluating the possibility of outsourcing preventive maintenance to the manufacturer. Because of the risk associated with a failure, the cost of each failure is estimated at$2,000. The current maintenance policy (with station
David Hall, chief of the maintenance department at Mechanical Dynamics, has presented you with the following failure curve. What does it suggest?
Each breakdown of a graphic plotter table at Airbus Industries costs $50. Find the expected daily breakdown cost, given the following data
What are the expected number of yearly breakdowns for the power generator at Orlando Utilities that has exhibited the following data over the past 20 years?
A typical retail transaction consists of several smaller steps, which can be considered components subject to failure. A list of such components might include: Let the eight probabilities of success be .92, .94, .99, .99, .98, .97,.95, and .96. What is the reliability of the system; that is, the
As VP for operations at Méndez-Piñero Engineering,you must decide which product design, A or B, has the higher reliability. B is designed with backup units for components R3 and R4 .What is the reliability of each design?
Rick Wing, salesperson for Wave Soldering Systems,Inc. (WSSI), has provided you with a proposal for improving the temperature control on your present machine. The machine uses a hot-air knife to cleanly remove excess solder from printed circuit boards; this is a great concept, but the hot-air
Elizabeth Irwin’s design team has proposed the following system with component reliabilities as indicated:What is the reliability of the system?
changed to the redundant parallel system shown in Problem 17.10?
How much would reliability improve if the medical control system shown in Problem
What is the reliability of the system shown?
A medical control system has three components in series with individual reliabilities ( R1 , R2 , R3 ) as shown:What is the reliability of the system?
Merrill Kim Sharp has a system composed of three components in parallel. The components have the following reliabilities:R1 = 0.90, R2 = 0.95, R3 = 0.85 What is the reliability of the system? ( Hint: See Example 4 .) PX
What is the overall reliability that bank loans will be processed accurately if each of the 5 clerks shown in the chart has the reliability shown?
What is the reliability of the following parallel production process? R1 5 0.95, R2 5 0.90, R3 5 0.98.
A manufacturer of disk drives for notebook computers wants an MTBF of at least 50,000 hours. Recent test results for 10 units were one failure at 10,000 hours, another at 25,000 hours,
Robert Klassan Manufacturing, a medical equipment manufacturer, subjected 100 heart pacemakers to 5,000 hours of testing. Halfway through the testing, 5 pacemakers failed. What was the failure rate in terms of the following:a) Percentage of failures?b) Number of failures per unit-hour?
A new aircraft control system is being designed that must be 98% reliable. This system consists of three components in series. If all three of the components are to have the same level of reliability, what level of reliability is required? PX
, determine the overall reliability of the processing unit.17.2. A testing process at Boeing Aircraft has 400 components in series. The average reliability of each component is 99.5%. Use Figure 17.2 to find the overall reliability of the whole testing process.
The Beta II computer’s electronic processing unit contains 50 components in series. The average reliability of each component is 99.0%. Using Figure
Will preventive maintenance eliminate all breakdowns?
During an argument as to the merits of preventive maintenance at Windsor Printers, the company owner asked, “Why fix it before it breaks?” How would you, as the director of maintenance, respond?
What roles can computerized maintenance management systems play in the maintenance function?
How does machine design contribute to either increasing or alleviating the maintenance problem?
How can a manager evaluate the effectiveness of the maintenance function?
What is the trade-off between operator-performed maintenance versus supplier-performed maintenance?
How could simulation be a useful technique for maintenance problems?
Explain the notion of “infant mortality” in the context of product reliability.
How does one identify a candidate for preventive maintenance?
What is the objective of maintenance and reliability?
Lean applies to services:a) only in rare instances.b) except in terms of the supply chain.c) except in terms of employee issues.d) except in terms of both supply chain issues and employee issues.e) just as it applies to manufacturing
The six attributes of Lean organizations are: ________ ,________ , ________ , ________ , ________ , and ________ .
The required number of kanbans equals:a) 1.b) Demand during lead time / Qc) Size of container.d) Demand during lead time.e) Demand during lead time + Safety stock / Size of container
Kanban is the Japanese word for:a) car.b) pull.c) card.d) continuous improvement.e) level schedule.
What is the formula for optimal setup time?a) 22DQ>[H(1 - d>p)]b) 2Q2 H(1 - d>p)>(2D)c) QH(1 - d>p)>(2D)d) Q2 H(1 - d>p)>(2D)e) H(1 - d>p)LO
Concerns of suppliers when moving to Supplier Partnerships include:a) small lots sometimes seeming economically prohibitive.b) realistic quality demands.c) changes without adequate lead time.d) erratic schedules.e) all of the above.
Define the seven wastes and the 5Ss. The seven wastes are ________ , ________ , ________ , ________ , ________ .________ , and ________ , and the 5Ss are ________ , ________ , ________ , ________ , and ________ .
Match Lean Operations, JIT, and TPS with the concepts shown below:a) Continuous improvement and a focus on exactly what the customer wants, and when.b) Supply the customer with exactly what the customer wants when the customer wants it, without waste, through continuous improvement.c) Emphasis on
When a doctor proposes a new surgical procedure, how do you recommend the SKU for a new custom pack be entered into the hospital’s supply-chain system?
When discussing JIT in services, the text notes that suppliers, layout, inventory, and scheduling are all used. Provide an example of each of these at Arnold Palmer Hospital.
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