Everyday Encounters An Introduction To Interpersonal Communication 5th Edition Ann Schweitzer, Julia T. Wood - Solutions

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When you meet another person, on what basis do you conclude that he or she has high (or low) self-esteem?
How might you improve your self-efficacy for a specific job that you are performing?
In what way has a teacher, instructor, or professor ever raised your self-esteem? How long-lasting was the effect?
Identify a public figure, such as a business executive, professional athlete, or politician whose self-esteem is so extreme that he or she is a narcissist. Give a couple of examples of his or her narcissistic behavior.
Imagine an accountant being told by a client, “I think that you are really stupid, and I am going to report you to your boss.” Give one example of how a high-selfesteem accountant might respond, and one of how a low-self-esteem accountant might respond.
Based on what you have studied so far, in what way does human relations involve more than “being nice to people”?
Identify a person in public life, including a television show character, who you think has terrible human relations skills, and explain the basis for your conclusion.
Identify a person in public life, including a television show character, who you think has outstanding human relations skills, and explain the basis for your conclusion.
How do you think having good human relations skills and knowledge might add to your job security in a competitive workplace?
Describe a situation in which making Theory X assumptions about employees might be accurate.
How might a person improve his or her job or career to the extent that the improvement would actually enhance his or her personal life?
How might a person improve his or her personal life to the extent that the improvement would also enhance his or her job performance?
Give an example from your own experience of how work life influences personal life and vice versa.
How might participation in team sports enhance an individual’s human relations skills? How might such participation encourage a person to develop poor human relations skills?
Why do you think good human relations skills are so important for supervisors who direct the work activities of entry-level workers?
3. Local environmental management offers numerous benefits, but powerful obstacles must be overcome to make it a reality. Think of the landscape in your area along with other aspects of your local environment. What are the problems that deserve attention from the community? The case study on the
2. ‘Environmental technology’ typically brings to mind methods, processes or equipment for reducing pollution or recycling wastes. Although pollution abatement and recycling have an essential role in sustainable development, a much broader spectrum of technologies will be necessary for
1. Explain how each of the following concepts is represented in the case study on dengue, mosquitoes and copepods: chain of effects through ecosystem and social system, carrying capacity, population regulation, community assembly, complex system cycle, human inputs to ecosystems, landscape mosaics,
6. Strategic planning is a way to initiate constructive action in support of ecologically sustainable development in communities. Brainstorm with some friends to discover your opinions regarding the following essential steps for strategic planning:• An ideal vision of your community 20 years from
5. What are the roles of city, state (prefectural, provincial) and national government in shaping human–ecosystem interaction in your country?What are the roles of corporations? What can citizens do to stimulate governments and corporations to follow more ecologically sustainable policies?
4. For what kinds of public concerns is your local community (or city)organized? Are some of these concerns environmental? Are there environmental concerns that are not addressed, even though you think they should be? How do you think the community can be educated so that individuals establish
3. Agreement about good rules for using a common property resource is essential for sustainable use of the resource. Think of concrete examples of social institutions that prevent tragedy of the commons from occurring, using information from newspaper or magazine articles or your own personal
2. Think of examples of the conflict between stability and resilience in your personal life and in the society in which you live. Are stability and resilience in balance? It not, what can be done to achieve a better balance?
1. In what way do you build resilience in your personal life? What are the ways in which your society achieves resilience? What are the ways in which the resilience of your local community, your nation or the world is weak? What can be done to improve resilience in those instances?
6. What are the ways in which your local and national community leaders(business, government, etc) exhibit wishful thinking concerning the demands that the community or nation can safely place on ecosystems?How do their attitudes and actions compare with the precautionary principle? Why do
5. Identify ways in which agricultural and urban ecosystems in your region are dependent upon large quantities of energy or other resources,making them vulnerable to price increases or shortfalls in supply. What can be done to reduce this vulnerability?
4. Childhood contact with nature seems to be important in order to develop the knowledge and judgement that people need for sustainable interaction with ecosystems as adults. What kind of contact did you have with nature as a child? Talk to people with childhood experiences similar to your own, as
3. List specific benefits of social complexity at different levels of your social system (local community, nation, global society). What are some of the costs of social complexity at these different levels of social organization?Where do you think your social system is located on the curve in
2. Think about sources of unsustainable human–ecosystem interactions in the social system in which you live. Think firstly about the local level, and then think about the national and international levels. Consider concrete examples that demonstrate how human–ecosystem interactions can be less
1. Look at the example of portable capital in a free market economy. The first alternative, harvesting the forest sustainably, provides a long-term supply of timber. The second alternative, cutting all of the trees and investing the money in another business, does not. Do you understand why the
4. What are the main belief systems of your society today? They may include major religions, but they may also include belief systems that are not part of established religions. Be specific about what the beliefs have to say with regard to the following.• Who am I?• What is the meaning of my
3. Tell a ‘story’ about your nation’s relationship with nature. It can be an historical account that explains how the present relationship with nature evolved from the past, or the story could take another form such as a traditional folk tale.
2. Environmental issues can be highly controversial. It is not unusual for different people to have radically different opinions. Think about some issues that have received considerable public attention. In what ways does the controversy seem to come from different perceptions of nature?
1. What was your perception of nature before reading this book? What is your perception of nature now? If it has changed, why do you think it changed? Remember that nature has a broad meaning in this context.It refers to the entire biophysical world, including natural, agricultural and urban
4. People make demands on ecosystems to provide services that improve the quality of their lives. Because the capacity of ecosystems to satisfy human demands is limited, we need to be aware of what we really want from life and what we really need from ecosystems. List the things that are most
3. Think of some non-renewable resources. Are they being used in a way that will allow them to last for as long as people need them? For resources that are being rapidly depleted, what can be done to reduce the rate of consumption? What are significant obstacles to reducing consumption?
2. Think of some important renewable resources that you consume directly or indirectly. Do you think the intensity of use of those resources is optimal in the sense of Figure 8.10? Is it less than or more than the optimum (ie, overexploitation)? For resources that seem to be overexploited, how can
1. List some of the most important plant, animal and microorganism products that you use. These products correspond to the arrows from producers, consumers and decomposers to humans, as shown in Figure 8.9. What kinds of ecosystems do the different products come from?Where are those ecosystems
4. In what ways is your neighbourhood (or town) social system coadapted with the local environment? In what ways is your national social system coadapted with the environment? List the ways in which these social systems are poorly coadapted with their environments.
3. Think about input–output exchanges and other interactions of agricultural and natural ecosystems in your region. Do the agricultural ecosystems seem to be well coadapted to the natural ecosystems? Do they have a sustainable relationship with the natural ecosystems?
2. Talk to a farmer about how agricultural ecosystems in your region have changed during the past 50 years. Ask the farmer about:• material inputs 50 years ago and how the material inputs have changed since then;• changes in the organization and structure of the agricultural ecosystems and how
1. Consider the example of the coevolution of social systems and natural ecosystems from traditional to modern agriculture, presented in this chapter. List what happened for each arrow in Figure 7.3.
3. Talk to your grandparents or other relatives or friends that have lived in the vicinity of your family home for a long time. How have natural, agricultural, and urban ecosystems changed? Make a map showing the landscape mosaic over a radius of 1 kilometre around your family home 50 years ago.
2. Have there been examples of human-induced succession in your region?What were the human activities that made them happen? Were they reversible?
1. What are the typical sequences of natural succession in your region(as in Figures 6.1 and 6.2)? Do sites with different physical conditions have different sequences? What role does chance seem to have in the sequences that actually occur?
5. List important inputs and outputs of your city or town.
4. Make a map for a 1-kilometre radius around your family home showing different kinds of urban ecosystems, such as residential neighbourhoods, shopping areas, parks, office buildings or industrial areas. If there are natural or agricultural ecosystems, show them too.
3. What are significant input–output exchanges of materials, energy and information between agricultural and natural ecosystems in your region?
2. Talk to a farmer to learn about agricultural ecosystems in your region.What are the main kinds of agriculture? What is the typical position of each type of agricultural ecosystem in a landscape profile? What are important natural parts of their biological communities (ie, living organisms that
1. What are the different kinds of natural ecosystems (as in Figure 5.6) in the landscape mosaic of your region? What is the typical position of each kind of ecosystem in a landscape profile as in Figure 5.7?
5. Think of examples of denial in your personal life. What are some examples of denial in the society in which you live?
4. What are some emergent properties of your:• family social system;• neighbourhood social system;• school or workplace social system; and• national social system?Keep in mind that emergent properties arise from the whole system.They do not come simply from the parts; they derive from the
3. Consider the story of the island. Beginning with Figure 4.1, draw a series of food web diagrams to show the new food chain whenever a new species is added to the island’s biological community. You should finish with a diagram like the food web in Figure 4.2.
2. Think of examples of complex system cycles in your family, your neighbourhood, your nation’s history and world history. Be explicit about each stage of the cycle (growth, equilibrium, dissolution, reorganization).
1. With ‘switches’, something stays the same because of negative feedback, and then it changes quickly to something else because of positive feedback. Think of examples of switches at various levels in your social system (family, neighbourhood, national, international).
6. Should wealthy nations that have controlled their population growth provide food assistance to poor nations that have a high population growth rate? Should wealthy nations provide other kinds of assistance to nations that do not have enough food?
5. Millions of ‘economic refugees’ move from poor nations to wealthy nations every year. Some citizens of the wealthy nations think that immigration should be strictly controlled. Other people believe that there should be free movement of people throughout the world. What do you think? What are
4. What happens when human populations overshoot their carrying capacity? Can you think of concrete examples?
3. Ageing populations are a major concern of industrialized nations today.There is a trend toward a larger number of retired people who are supported by a smaller number of working-age people. Some nations are considering policies to encourage a higher birth rate so that they will have a larger
2. How many people do you think your local area (or your nation) can support? Do you think your local community has too few people? Too many? Just about right? What about your nation? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having more or less people? What are the connections between the
1. Find out the human population of your nation 100 years ago. What is the present population? What are the birth and death rates? How do the present birth and death rates compare with 100 years ago?
5. Think of examples in your nation or community that illustrate:• using positive feedback to make desired changes;• positive feedback that generates undesirable changes despite efforts to stop the change;• negative feedback that keeps things the way people want them to be;• negative
4. Figure 2.10 shows what happened to the deer population during the first ten years in the ‘story of the deer’. Compare ΔN/Δt in the first year (when the deer population is small) with ΔN/Δt in the tenth year (when the deer population is much larger). During which time is ΔN/Δt larger?
3. Think of examples of negative feedback at different levels of social organization in your social system. Draw diagrams to show the circular chains of effects.
2. Think of examples of the replacement of one thing by another in your social system or ecosystem during recent years. Draw a diagram to show the chain of effects and feedback loops that generated the replacement.
1. Think of examples of positive feedback at different levels of social organization in your social system: family and friends, neighbourhood, city, national, and international. Draw diagrams to show circular chains of effects (ie, feedback loops). Do some of the feedback loops generate sudden
5. Do you think ecologically sustainable development is possible for your country? Is it possible for the world as a whole? Even if ecologically sustainable development is possible, do you think it will really happen?Does ecologically sustainable development appear to be more likely in some places
4. Look at the equation for ‘intensity of demands on ecosystems’ and think how population, consumption and technology are changing in your country. What are some important ways that changes in population, consumption and technology are changing your nation’s demands on ecosystems? What is the
3. Think of examples of unintended consequences from the environment, using information from newspaper or magazine articles and your own personal knowledge. Why did it take so long for people to realize what was happening? Why did the problem become apparent so suddenly?
2. Put together an example of a chain of effects through ecosystem and social system, using information from newspaper or magazine articles and your own personal knowledge. Show the example with a diagram.
1. Figure 1.4 summarizes the story of cooking fuel and deforestation in India. Look at each of the arrows in the figure and write down the effect that it represents, so that you can trace the chain of effects through the village social system and ecosystem. For example, the arrow from‘Human
5. Examine the rites and rituals of one of the places in which you have worked. How do these behaviours contribute to or detract from a healthy communication climate in that workplace?
4. Examine two groups to which you belong in terms of the roles you and others play in maintaining or sabotaging the task and people functions of the group. Choose one group that is largely cooperative in nature and a second that is largely competitive in nature. Compare the two.
3. Search your province’s Human Rights Commission for the latest publications on harassment in the workplace. Look up a recent decision by your province’s Human Rights Tribunal and determine the nature and implications of communication practices in the workplace.
2. Check out the Portrait of Canada's Labour Force at http://www12.statcan.gc.ca for current information on the changing shape of the Canadian workforce. What is the impact of immigration patterns and the aging baby boomers on the future of work in Canada?
1. Visit your local police academy and interview officers about their specialized training in tactical communication. Identify the ways in which police officers defuse difficult situations with verbal communication skills.
6. This chapter discussed some gender differences in romantic relationships. Do the differences identified by researchers apply to your own relationships? How do you see gender operating in your romantic relationships?
5. If you have a current romantic partner, can you identify her or his love style? How does it fit with your own love style? Does understanding love styles give you any new insights into dynamics in your relationship?
4. Look up current information on marriages and divorces in Canada. Access the most recent Statistics Canada census. Can you find statistics on how many people married in the most recent year for which there is a report? What was the average age of women and men who married?How many marriages were
3. Do you have any long-distance friends? How far away are they? How often do you see them in person? How do you manage to maintain the friendship across the distance?
2. Review the dimensions of friendship presented in this chapter. Do these qualities show up in your friendships? Are there other traits that you would add based on your personal experiences with friendship?
1. Think about a friendship you have with a person of your gender and a friendship you have with a person of the other gender. To what extent does each friendship conform to the gender patterns described in this chapter?
5. This chapter has emphasized aiming for a win–win approach to conflict in personal relationships. Do you believe that in most cases both people can benefit (or win) if each is committed to honouring one’s self and the other?
4. Identify one situation in your life in which each orientation to conflict was, or would have been, appropriate. When would lose–lose have been appropriate? When would win–lose have been a reasonable approach? When would win–win have been the best approach?
6. Practise applying this chapter’s guidelines for responding to criticism. What happens when you listen to criticism without becoming angry and when you express appreciation to others for their feedback?
4. Think of an interaction in which you felt disconfirmed or defensive. Describe how others in the situation communicated toward you.How many of Gibb’s defensiveness-producing communication behaviours can you identify as present in the situation?
3. To what extent do you honour yourself and others in communication situations? Do you give equal attention to both your own needs and those of others? If not, focus on balancing your efforts to confirm yourself and others in future interactions.
1. Have you found it difficult to confirm others when you disagree with them? If so, has reading this chapter helped you distinguish between recognition, acknowledgment, and endorsement?Can you distinguish between confirming others as people and endorsing particular ideas or behaviours?
6. The International Listening Association is a rich resource for learning more about listening and networking with others who recognize its importance in everyday life. Its website(www.listen.org) features exercises to test and improve listening, factoids about listening, Internet discussion
5. Who is your prototype, or model, for an effective listener? Describe what the person does that makes her or him effective. How do the person’s behaviours fit with the guidelines for effective listening discussed in this chapter?
3. Keep a record of your listening for the next two days. How much time do you spend listening for information, listening to support others, and listening for pleasure?
1. Review the six types of nonlistening discussed in this chapter. Are any of them common in your communication? Select one of your nonlistening practices and work to reduce its occurrence.
6. Compare your answers from the Apply the Idea exercise “Cultural Values” with those of your classmates. Discuss the impact of cultural values on your day-to-day perceptions and activities.
5. Talk with three or four people who are as culturally diverse as possible. Ask them how their childhood illnesses were treated. What was the experience of being sick like for them?
4. Communicating comfortably and effectively with diverse people is essential to career success as organizations become increasingly global and diverse. Go to Cornell University’s website at www.cornell.edu/diversity/, which focuses on workplace diversity and offers good information and links to
3. Read about what is appropriate in various cultures for business dress, gifts, and interaction norms at the Executive Planet website, www.executiveplanet.com. Choose a country and consider whether it would be personally challenging or easy for you to conduct business within these cultural
2. Browse the Internet using the words cultural communication, high vs. low context cultures, diversity in Canada, and intercultural communication, to name a few. See where this leads!
1. A group called “Style in Progress”(www.styleinprogress.ca) took over an alley in Toronto for a 24-hour period of legal graffiti painting in the summer of 2008 (for some photos of the results, go to www.youtube.com/watch?v5tltSZDRJxyE). In what ways was this group dealing with ethnocentric
10. Review topics related to environmental justice in Questia (https://www.questia.com). Do you find any recent reports on patterns in location of toxic waste dumps and other environmental dangers?
9. Skim articles and advertisements in two Canadian magazines. How many articles and advertisements that focus on weight (losing, controlling) do you find in each of these magazines?What can you conclude about the body image of men and women in Canada? Are there ethnic differences?

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