The Waste Crisis: Landfills, Incinerators, And The Search For A Sustainable Future 1st Edition Hans Y. Tammemagi - Solutions

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According to Forbes,12 Harvard Business Review released a new report claiming that in the United States, “17% of Black women are in the process of starting or running new businesses, compared to just 10% of white women, and 15% of white men.” However, there’s a catch: though Black female
Fiona Canning from the UK is co-founder of Pollinate (https://www.pollinate.co.uk/), which develops software aimed at improving merchant acquisition for banks, while providing merchants with digital tools and insights into their businesses.Pollinate has raised
Search for a woman-led startup on the web; provide the startup’s link. Analyze if and in what sense this startup matches the female entrepreneurship characteristics.
Beyond Health (https://beyondthehealth.com/), founded by Jurgita Budraityte, is providing tools and strategies for people who are looking to improve their health and wellness lifestyle. Based on the components of emotional intelligence, how did Budraityte leverage the opportunities embodied in the
Search the internet for a company that was founded and is led by men (e.g., Facebook, Apple, LinkedIn) and that tackled a crisis. Briefly describe the crisis. List two to three entrepreneurial psychological capabilities that could have served to avoid or minimize the crisis. Explain your answer.
Search the internet for three to four other crises (e.g., natural disasters, economic crises, wars/terrorism, etc.). Investigate them through two aspects of the stressor appraisals, demonstrated in Figure 9.1: Crisis evaluation through the appraisal of stressors. What are your conclusions?
Interview five entrepreneurs that you know/in your local area on the clusters of distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: health, working from home, and uncertainty.What are the most common stressful situations reported by the entrepreneurs?What are your insights based on this mini research?
Dafni and Raul from Spain are running a community of experts that provides full coverage of positive psychological attributes, especially in response to the pandemic’s effects. The community is operated through innovative drone capacity; it engages experts from around the world and enables
Search startups and entrepreneurship newsletters to learn about businesses in times of COVID-19. Choose two to three startups and analyze them based on the main concepts appearing in Figure 9.2: Stress effects of the pandemic. What are your main conclusions?
Search the internet for a startup that has been severely affected by the pandemic.Learn about the stressors, sources, and current outcomes of the pandemic on the startup’s status. Prepare an interview to gauge the founder’s emotional reaction to the hardship consisting of eight to ten questions
Search the web for two new startups (started between 2018 and 2020) and generate as much information as you can on them; provide their links and other relevant characteristics. Based on the information gathered, discuss:• What are the main challenges for each of these startups imposed by the
Choose one of the following fictional scenarios to discuss the entrepreneur’s dilemma in managing a crisis based on points introduced in this chapter:• Steve Jobs starting Apple one year before the 9/11 attacks• Debbie Fields founding Mrs. Fields cookie stores (https://www.mrsfields.com/)one
Discuss the opportunities and risks of innovation as a strategy to manage a crisis by comparing startups typified as follows:• Technological versus traditional• Nascent (up to two years) versus advanced (more than five years)• Small (up to five permanent employees) versus medium size (more
Provide an example of a business that has tackled a crisis by one of the following processes, discussed in the model presented in Figure 8.5: How to tackle the business models’ crisis-related strategies/practices. You may search the web or interview founders that you know. Prior to analyzing its
Imagine that in January 2018, Procter & Gamble (P&G) (https://us.pg.com/) opened for business; apart of this imaginary scenario, P&G’s evolution is as it has been in reality. In early 2020, as the pandemic broke out and lockdowns were imposed, P&G’s activity was severely disrupted. Choose two
Read the Bloomberg article “The Covid Bankruptcies: Guitar Center to Youfit”7 at https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2020-us-bankruptcies-coronavirus/. You are asked to publish a commentary of half a page on this article that shows how startups can avoid bankruptcy by applying the concepts
Julia and Antoni are co-founders of JustHere, a startup located in Poland that develops a smart navigation system for smart cities. They are in the midst of a dispute on the need to design a crisis management strategy for a hypothetical crisis. Julia favors avoiding any cost or time investment in
Search for information on BrewDog (at https://www.brewdog.com/uk/) from various sources. Apply the model of preparation based on Figure 7.3: Startups’ preparation to maintain their resources—a roadmap, for the next potential crisis. List four to five main implications for other startups in the
Interview two entrepreneurs on their approaches to a crisis in the initial stages of crisis emergence, based on Table 7.1: Startups’ approaches to disruptive events, and Table 7.2: Exploiting the crisis from a startup’s point of view. Compare the entrepreneurs’approaches by listing their
Read: “Engaging Startups in COVID-19 Crisis Response. How COVID-19 Startups Can Boost the Economy Further”6 at https://startupgenome.com/articles/engaging-startups-covid-crisis-response and address the three points indicated in the article and given below using the model of startups’
Maria and Doreen are scientists who have developed a platform for building decentralized applications for peer-to-peer connectivity in dataset sharing for academic research. Based on the emerging changes—opportunities and threats—introduced in this chapter (Table 6.1), list two to three
Search the internet for an entrepreneurial business that is not technological and seems to make only light use of digitalization. Describe the business and its surroundings (e.g., country, sector, competition). List three to four statements on the benefits of digitalization for this business in
Three co-workers of an international company quit their jobs to start a new business dealing with a breakthrough in homomorphic encryption that enables sharing confidential data with privacy and security. Due to the crisis situation, they are wondering ‘what they should take into consideration’
A startup using augmented reality (AR) to improve brands’ product visualization was located in a country that was frequently declared a ‘Red Zone’, and therefore the activity was adjusted so that the work could be done from home. The core activity of this startup is based on creativity,
A new startup in clean tech that saves energy for lighting, cooling/heating, etc., was gaining attention from governmental associations until the pandemic broke out. Then the founders noticed that gradually the teams were becoming distressed due to lack of human contact; there was hostility in the
Choose one startup that failed during the COVID-19 pandemic. You may use the lists of TechCrunch, Forbes, or any other list. Describe the startup (up to five lines)and the causes for its failure (up to five lines). Based on the chapter’s models and concepts, discuss how the ecosystem might have
What is your recommendation to ecosystem developers and connectors for leveraging the ecosystem to manage the COVID-19 pandemic? Fill in the relevant cells of Table 5.2: Ecosystem components and viability in the face of crises’ external effects—a crisis management perspective, with regard to
Suppose you are invited to advise the government on the directions new startups should take to succeed in the face of one the crises that you chose. Which sector(s)would you recommend that the startups focus on? Use an illustration (e.g., pie diagram, histogram) to demonstrate the distribution of
Pick one of the portfolio companies at TechStars https://www.techstars.com/portfolio?category=companies+in+program; describe it (up to five lines). Suppose it had started during one of the crises that you chose. Analyze the startup and external force relationships from bottom-up and top-down
Briefly describe each of the two crises that you chose (up to five lines); then list the three main external forces that were most affected by each of these crises (based on Figure 5.2: Reciprocal relationships between external forces and startups—second tier. What are the similarities and
Five founders of a startup, SOS-AR, which develops augmented reality devices for emergency team training, are asking for your advice on how to manage the complex situation that they are facing: lack of funds and financial support and a dispute among the founders regarding closing the startup. This
Search for Akara (https://www.akara.ai/) from Dublin, which develops robots for hospitals that decontaminate spaces and are therefore relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. To leverage its offerings and view the pandemic as an opportunity for Akara (as people and companies concerned with
Search https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/15/these-companies-have-filed-for-bankruptcy-since-the-coronavirus-pandemic.html for a company that went bankrupt during the COVID-19 pandemic. Provide a half-page description of the company based on additional internet searches. Suppose you had met the founders
Search the internet for two startups that have been affected by the pandemic;provide the links to their websites, posts, and other material specifying these startups’ situation. Compare these two startups’ management of the crisis situation by employing the concepts described in Figure 4.3:
Yoni and Adi are the founders of an automotive startup located in Israel, which develops a powerful connectivity inside and outside the car. The journey to developing the best technology was very difficult, fraught with barriers and unexpected crises; for example, two experts that were recruited
The Rapids (https://www.therapids.co/) is a startup that has pivoted due to COVID-19 from ‘Field Trip’ workshops to ‘Remote Field Trips’ to help businesses seize opportunities, deliver mission-critical change, and ride these rapids. Explain this pivot using at least five concepts/models
Discuss which of the models introduced in Figure 3.2 Models of relationships among crisis topics applies to the COVID-19 crisis. Explain your answer.
“The International Rescue Committee (IRC) has released its 2021 Emergency Watchlist, a global list of humanitarian crises that are expected to deteriorate the most over the coming year. The triple threat of conflict, climate change and COVID-19 is driving the crises in nearly all Emergency
Address the nutrition crisis worldwide by generating information and data on its evolution in the last five to seven years. Using three different ‘other indicators’, explain the severity of this crisis and share your prediction of its future impact.
Find two different ongoing crises. Discuss the differences between the two crises based on your analysis of the nexus of objective and subjective components of a crisis (Figure 3.1). What are three to four main conclusions from your analysis?
Discuss the challenges and opportunities in the required transformation of a startup from face-to-face operation to a virtual sphere. What are your main conclusions?
Search for a startup that has evolved into a unicorn; analyze its achievement with respect to the components of its context. What are your suggestions for new startups striving to become unicorns with regard to their relations and actions with their context?
The chapter discusses some unexpected outcomes for startups during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as new launches, unicorns, and new collaborations, among others.Based on startup’s characteristics, what would you suggest startups to ADD to their portfolio to guarantee such outcomes in future
Address the theoretical concepts introduced in this chapter that are relevant to startup demarcation. Choose one of those concepts; identify three to four components that explain how startups can manage the impact of COVID-19 by using/implementing/operating these components.
Search the internet for two or three startups in your area, and list four or five characteristics that typify them as startups:a) Identify the characteristics that differentiate them from SMEsb) Identify the characteristics that differentiate them from large companies
Imagine that you are asked to consult a startup in the vaccination industry that is developing an all-inclusive vaccine against all variants of the coronavirus for all ages and health conditions. The founders would like to assess the best time to launch their business. Based on Figure 1.1, a
Explain Zoom or Netflix’s success based on two different theoretical perspectives introduced in Table 1.2: Theoretical perspectives and the missing links. What are your main conclusions on their success?
Now, search the web for two startups that failed/cut out some of their activities during the pandemic. Explain their failure through the minimum optimal actions required in crisis events (Table 1.1). Which factor(s) prevailed in these startups’collapse? Explain your findings.
Search the web for two startups that thrived during the pandemic. Explain their success through the minimum optimal actions required in crisis events (Table 1.1).Which factor(s) prevailed in these startups’ success? Explain your findings.
Ask five to eight people you know about their work-related losses and gains from the COVID-19 pandemic. What are your conclusions? Do they view the pandemic similarly or differently?
Describe how you think a more environmentally conscientious future society would manage its waste. What parts of the scenario presented in this chapter do you agree or disagree with?
What can be done to instil a "futuristic conservation ethic"in today's society?
Do you think that the world will be plunged into an environmental and resource crisis in the future? Describe what you think will happen, assuming a worst-case scenario.
Do you agree with the proposed waste management hierarchy?Why? How would you change it?
Develop several scenarios showing how intentional and unintentional intrusion could compromise the integrity of closed landfills. For each scenario, describe how human health and the environment would be harmed.
Many people are opposed to incinerators. If they are not to be used, what are the alternatives?
How do you think that landfills could be phased out, and what period of time would be required?
This chapter argues that landfills are not good for the environment and should be phased out. Do you agree or disagree?Why?
If you were chairing an open-house meeting for siting a waste disposal facility and one opposition group became noisy, rude, and disruptive, how would you handle the situation?
Have you observed any examples of the NIMBY syndrome in your community? What were the main issues? Do you feel that a fair outcome resulted?
To which compact does your state belong for developing a low-level radioactive waste disposal facility? Contact the lead organization and find out what progress has been made. What are the main difficulties they have encountered, and how do they propose to overcome these?
Create your own case history by selecting a nearby waste management facility of interest. Compile information by visiting it, obtaining brochures and reports, and interviewing staff.
Of the seven case histories, select the facility closest to you, and contact its management to learn how it has evolved since the writing of this book. If it is practical, visit the facility and take a tour.
If you were director of New York City's waste management program, how would you deal with waste after Fresh Kills Landfill closes in 2001? Explain your ideas.
If cost was not a constraint, how would you design a landfill using any of the materials described in this chapter?
How long do you feel that the following manmade materials would last as a landfill liner before losing their integrity:80 mil HDPE, 30-cm-tblck reinforced concrete, and 1-m thick compacted clay? Explain your answers.
Suppose you are on a citizens' action group reviewing a proposal for a waste incinerator in your community. What requirements would you impose before you would accept the incinerator?
Research and prepare a short essay on dioxins and furans.
Using the information presented below, estimate the energy content in kilojoules(kj)/kg of the waste before and after recycling. The recycling program removes 40% of paper, 70% of cardboard, 33% of plastics, 25% of glass, and 22%of tin cans.Waste Item Weight (kg) Energy (kf/kg)Paper Cardboard
Based on the list of waste you created in one week (see Question 4 in chapter 4), how much of the waste that is not recycled is combustible (i.e., paper, plastic, etc.)? Based on your qualitative observations, could a strong recycling program and an incinerator work together in your community?What
What do you think of ocean disposal? Should it be done at all? For some wastes? For all wastes? If it were to proceed on some limited basis, how should disposal in international waters be regulated, monitored, and enforced?
With one or two friends or classmates brainstorm how to dispose of solid wastes in ingenious ways that have not generally received consideration. How many ways can you devise for safe disposal if cost is no obstacle? What are their pros and cons? Can you think of any methods that are economically
A landfill receives municipal waste at the rate of 2,000 tonnes per day for 20 years. Using the data presented in this chapter, what is the theoretical maximum amount of methane that will be generated? What is the initial gas generation rate, once the methanogenic stage begins?
Locate a closed landfill in your area. What is being done to monitor it, and what measures have been instituted to ensure that gases and leachate do not harm the nearby environment?How long must these measures stay in place?
What is the breakthrough time for leachate to penetrate a 1.3 meter clay layer (d) if porosity (por) is 0.2, coefficient of permeability (K) is 10~7 cm/s, and hydraulic head (h) is 2 m? Use the formula:Time = (dz*POI)/K*(d+h).
Calculate the amount of daily cover soil required for the following hypothetical landfill. Also, calculate the wasteto-soil ratio. 70 tonnes of waste are received each day; each lift is 3 m high; cell width is 5 m; the slope of the working face is 1:3; compaction is to 350, 475, and 600 kg/m3;
Calculate the area needed per year and for a 30-year lifetime for a new landfill for a region with 400,000 inhabitants that generates 2 kg/day/person of solid waste. Don't forget the buffer, storage, and administration areas, which will require 25% to 35% of the total area.
The following criteria have been developed for the siting process for a landfill in your area. What weights would you give each one (5 is maximum)? Give your reasons, (a) existing land use and zoning, (b) distance to access roads, (c) noise impact on nearby residential areas, (d) depth to
Who do you consider most qualified for assigning weighting and suitability ratings for landfill site selection criteria?Should people who are not professionals be involved in the process? Why?
Draw up a list of information that you would require to conduct a risk assessment of a municipal landfill serving a community of 400,000. Qualitatively, describe the steps in the assessment and which information is required in each step.
Contact the EPA or other environmental and health organizations and find examples of chemicals that fit each of the categories in tables 6.2 (toxicity categories) and 6.3 (carcinogen classification).
Assume that the legal limit for disposal into landfill of benzene in sludge from a factory is 5 ppb (parts per billion). Fifty days after disposal of some sludge, a sample was analyzed and yielded a concentration of 1.35 ppb. If the first-order removal rate constant for benzene is 0.00345/hr, what
Find out how much municipal solid waste your community generates and determine its percentage composition, using the categories shown in Figure 6.1. How do they compare? What are the reasons for any differences?
List hazardous materials that are discarded in garbage from households and businesses. List hazardous wastes that arise in a university.
A financial analysis of landfills should include the environmental cost of permanent loss of land, groundwater impairment, and atmospheric pollution. What factors should be considered in determining a dollar value for each of these? What dollar value would you assign for each?
Make a list of all the garbage that you discard over one week. How much of this did you recycle? How much more could have been recycled (with perfect recycling facilities)?Put the information on a spreadsheet, and compare it with data from classmates or colleagues. Repeat this exercise at other
A hypothetical community of 50,000 currently has no recycling programs. They wish to comply within three years with the new state law requiring 30% diversion. How would you go about gathering data and preparing and implementing an integrated waste management plan?
What recycling is being done in your community? Is the program successful? How can the program be improved to(a) collect a greater fraction of recyclables, and (b) to make it more cost-effective?
How is solid waste managed in your community? What fractions are landfilled, recycled, composted, incinerated, and exported? Have any of these methods had negative impacts on local people? How could the overall system be improved?
Investigate what is being done in your community to recycle the following two special waste types: (a) construction and demolition waste; and (b) food scraps from restaurants and cafeterias (as opposed to yard waste). Is there room for improvement? How?
What is the C/N ratio of C60H100O40N2?
Prior to composting, leaves, with a C/N ratio of 55:1, are to be blended with activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant, with a C/N ratio of 6.6:1, to yield a combined C/N ratio of 25:1. In what proportions should they be combined if the moisture contents of sludge and leaves are 75% and 50%,
How much land is needed to establish a composting center if a community collects 100 tonnes/day, 5 days/week, of compostable material. Assume that windrow composting with mechanical turning will be used. Each windrow is 5 meters wide and 150 meters long, with an angle of repose of 1 to 1. The
Develop a flow chart for processing (separating) a waste stream that consists of paper (43%), cardboard (12%), plas- tics (13%), glass (14%), aluminum (6%), and ferrous metal(9%). Assuming 100 tonnes/day, 5 days/week input, sketch a layout of the plant.
Arrange for a tour of your local materials recycling facility.Make a material flow chart of the facility. Ask them what their main problems are and brainstorm ways of overcoming them.
Brainstorm ways of improving the landfill to provide better long-term containment and safety.
How do you think that incinerator technology will evolve and improve in the future?
Identify and discuss new issues that will become important in solid waste management in the next few decades.
Waste management technology has not kept pace with the advances seen in other sectors, such as transportation and communications. Why is this so? What can be done to rectify the situation?
From historical records, trace the evolution of waste disposal/management in your community or region over the past 50 years (or longer, if possible). Identify the major changes that have occurred, and explain why.

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