Artificial Intelligence In The 21st Century 2nd Edition Stephen Lucci, Danny Kopec - Solutions

Discover comprehensive solutions and answers for "Artificial Intelligence In The 21st Century 2nd Edition" by Stephen Lucci and Danny Kopec. Access a complete solution manual with step-by-step answers to enhance your understanding of complex concepts. Our online platform offers a free download of chapter solutions and a test bank, providing a valuable resource for both students and instructors. With solved problems and an instructor manual, this textbook becomes an indispensable guide. Explore the answers key and solutions PDF for all your academic needs, ensuring you excel in your studies.

2. Explain informally why the sentence spadina is right of bathurst is not entailed by the knowledge base.
Consider the knowledge base in figure 2.6 about the east-west subway stops in a mythical city somewhere. Note that left of is used here to mean directly to the left of(as it might appear on a subway map).1. Give an example of an atomic sentence that is not in the knowledge base in figure 2.6 but
Consider the procedure PROCX in figure 1.7. It assumes there are other procedures elsewhere that will do some arithmetic (subtraction, multiplication, and less-than comparisons). It also assumes that one can concatenate strings of digits: x ˆy means the string consisting of the digits in x
16. There have been recent advances with prosthetic devices that respond appropriately to brain signals. Read several online reports and then comment on how close you feel we have come to needing to heed the warnings in Section 1.8 (“AI in the New Millennium”) regarding man/machine hybrids?
15. Look up the word “avatar.” What was its early definition via à vis the Hindu religion? What is its more modern definition? Next, go to SecondLife.com. How would you account for this tremendous interest in avatar existences?
14. Look online for articles on digital ghosts. What is a digital ghost? In what sense do they guarantee immortality?
13. Read Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid by Douglas R. Hofstadter.15 Have you become a believer in strong AI after completing the book?
12. Read the essay by Harold J. Morowitz, “Rediscovering the Mind,” which is reprinted in The Mind’s I. Morowitz describes the quandary that quantum physics presents for the prospects of developing a human-level AI. Summarize Hofstadter’s response.14
11. Survey current research to determine how close we are to a complete understanding of the brain’s functioning that Kurzweil anticipates by mid-century.
10. Consult Searle’s volume “The Mystery of Consciousnesss” once again. Read his discussion on Penrose’s point of view. Compare Penrose’s viewpoint on the prospects for the development of a human-level AI with the unbridled optimism espoused by Kurzweil.8
9. Read “Elephants Don’t Play Chess” by Rodney Brooks.13 Elaborate on his theory concerning the development of intelligence.
8. Study some of the writings of (or about) Gerald Edelman.10, 11, 12 Write a short essay on his theory of the development of consciousness.
7. Read The Blind Watchmaker by Richard Dawkins.9 Explain in a short essay how this book supports the theory of evolution by natural selection.
6. Write a short essay specifying what you believe will be the future applications for Watson.What improvements to Watson do you anticipate?
5. Study Figure 17.4 for this exercise. The tape depicts two numbers in unary notation that are to be added. You can envision unary as the manner in which a dog might count, “Ruff, Ruff would be a dog’s way to represent two and “Ruff, Ruff, Ruff” the number three. Hence this Turing machine
4. Read the story you cited in Questions For Discussion #4. What lessons can be drawn from it for AI?
3. Look up inductive approaches to learning, in particular Quinlan’s ID3 algorithm (consult Chapter 10). What ideas that we have studied are used in that algorithm?
2. Which of the graphs in the following Chapter 2 figures are Eulerian? Explain.i. Figure 2.33 d)ii. Figure 2.39 iii. Figure 2.40 b)iv. Figure 2.41
1. Study the symbol-processing systems first developed by Newell and Simon. Write a short essay explaining why (or why not) a human-level AI should be designed using their methodology.
19. Why does Kurzweil believe that a hardware implementation of the human brain will be possible later in this century?
18. Why do you suppose that Marvin Minsky’s “Society of Mind” does not receive more attention in the AI community?
17. Why is it that the human genome does not fully specify brain processes?
16. How does Richard Dawkins believe that life began on earth?
15. Do you believe that Watson possesses human-level intelligence? Why or why not?
14. Why was Jeopardy selected as a man-machine challenge?
13. The next time you interact with a conversational agent, think of the ways in which AI technology has influenced the experience. What improvements would you like to see?
12. Have you observed OCR technology anywhere in addition to the post office?
11. The next time you go online to a shopping site such as Amazon.com, comment on the ways in which ES technology has been incorporated into your shopping experience.
10. How might fuzzy logic be incorporated into the control mechanism of a household appliance that we have not mentioned?
9. Look on the Web for a discussion of the game Go. Why do you suppose that championshiplevel programs do not exist for this game? (See Chapter 16.)
8. What heuristics are incorporated into GPS (Global Positioning System) systems? You may wish to consult Chapter 3.
7. Compare and contrast a Universal Turing machine running a Turing machine program with a digital computer running a program.
6. In what ways is the Turing machine model similar toa. a person performing a calculation?b. a computer doing the same thing?
5. Describe the Turing machine model of computation.
4. Are you familiar with an additional work in literature which employs the Prometheus theme?
3. Look on the Web for an additional example of an unsolvable problem.
2. Give an additional example of a problem where an appropriate representation facilitates its solution.
1. When the first boats were built (perhaps many thousands of years ago), what natural systems might have served as inspiration?
20. Describe five areas of AI where development of computer game-playing programs has made significant contributions. Name the game, the year, the authors, describe the methods used and the contributions made.
19. Research Project: Write a five-page summary of one of the following longer papers or books listed in Section 16.9 References or the Endnotes, Section 16.10 below:• “The magical seven, plus or minus two,” G. A. Miller (1956)• A Program to Play Chess Endgames, B. Huberman (1968)• Chess,
18. Short Research Project: Obtain one of the following papers and write a summary of it in two double-spaced pages:• Turing’s paper (1950)• Shannon’s paper (1950)• Samuel’s paper (1959)• “Computer Backgammon,” Berliner (1980)• Lee and Mahajan’s paper (1990)• Tesauro’s
17. To program a computer to play a board game, you need a way to represent the board. The board in the game of checkers was represented as an array that embeds which pieces are on which squares, whose turn it is to move, etc. 57 Develop an array that represents the board for the initial position
16. Why has Go been coined the “drosophila of AI” for the future? Explain.
15. Despite very powerful programs that play chess today and more books on chess than on all games put together, we still do not know the game-theoretic-minimax-optimal value of chess or even the best first move. Explain why chess is somewhat intractable to being solved (even weakly) in the manner
14. The chess endgame King, Rook, and Bishop vs. King and Rook (KRBKR) has been called the “headache ending.” KRBKR was determined to require 59 moves to win in the longest winning position. The rules of chess normally allow only 50 moves to win where there are no pawn moves or captures and
13. Describe the following methods used in computer chess programming:a. transposition tablesb. quiescence searchc. iterative deepeningd. null move heuristice. killer heuristicf. singular extensions g. endgame databases
12. Why have the best computer chess programs appeared superior to the best human chess players and how should future matches be organized?
11. Describe the difference between the Shannon type A and Shannon type B approach to chess programming.
10. Place a White king on the square c3 on a chessboard. Place a White pawn on the square d3. Place Black king on the square b5. Build a search tree with a 3-ply minimax alpha-beta analysis using the rule “If the White king can get two ranks ahead of the White pawn, White wins to help prune the
9. Why has chess been called the “drosophila of AI”?
8. Often, the best way to learn about a game and its hidden secrets is to analyze by playing both sides. Study the checker endgame two pieces against one. Are there positions where this is a draw or can a win be forced by the stronger side from any starting position?
7. From what you have read and can estimate, describe and compare the size of the state space in tic-tac-toe, Connect-Four, checkers, and chess.
6. Connect-Four is a game that might be viewed as an extension or more sophisticated version of tic-tac-toe. That is, the objective is to get four disks of one color in a straight line (row,column, or diagonal) as disks are added to a grid of seven columns and six rows. The game was solved
5. What is the difference between a game being weakly solved and a game being strongly solved?
4. Describe how the game of checkers was solved.
3. What were some of the AI techniques that Arthur Samuel used in his checker program that apply to other domains?
2. Give five reasons that Samuel considered checkers an excellent experimental domain for AI study.
1. Explain why advanced games such as checkers, chess, and backgammon are excellent test subjects for heuristics and AI.
10. After checkers, what can be the most likely advanced computer game to be solved?
9. What is temporal difference learning and where was it used?
8. What are the accomplishments in computer checkers, Othello, bridge, backgammon, poker, and Go?
7. How strong are the best chess programs? Can you name five of them?
6. What is the estimated size of state space in chess? In checkers?
5. What are some of the techniques that are used in chess programming? For example, depthfirst search with iterative deepening, heuristics, killer heuristic, transposition tables, etc.
4. Why has chess been considered the drosophila of AI for a long time? What is the likely next drosophila for AI?
3. Who were/are the main players in computer checkers research?
2. Briefly explain the history, research, and state of the art in computer checkers.
1. Why are advanced computer games a valid area of research for AI?
9. Robots are assisting in sophisticated surgeries today. Usually these surgeries will be successful. However when they fail, there are of course complex legal issues. Review the literature and report what kinds of surgeries robots have been successful in assisting with, and find cases where they
8. You have seen the dialog between MrTomR and five-year-old Bobby in Section 15.0. Would such a dialog be possible today? Why or why not? What areas of AI that you have learned about in the text would need more progress before such systems could be successfully built?
7. Review Table 15.1 and determine if it is accurate. Are there any systems missing that should be in the table? Are there any trends you can see? What kind of progress in robotic systems does it illustrate?
6. You have learned about the work of the remarkable Sebastian Thrun. What robotic systems has he built? Write a short paper about the systems we did not cover in our human interest box.
5. Review some of the works of Rodney Brooks. What is his approach to Robotics (see Chapter 6), what companies did he found, and which robotic systems should he be credited for?
4. Implement the Bug2 algorithm described in this chapter. You may assume that the obstacles are comprised of triangles of three cells in a discrete, well-defined space. When the robot encounters the obstacles, it should move counterclockwise to circumvent them.
3. Compare the two films addressed above. Which do you believe is a better example of the theoretical, ethical, and technical issues of Robotics and AI? Explain.
2. Watch and review the movie Bicentennial Man. What major questions regarding robots does the film address?
1. Watch and review the movie IROBOT. What are the premier themes, methods, and technical issues addressed in this movie?
11. What is the Lovelace Project about? Do you believe it is sound and appropriate?
10. Describe the purposes and capabilities of the three significant modern-day robot projects presented in Section 15.3—Big Dog, Asimo, and Cog.
9. Discuss the purpose and capabilities of the Tortoise by Grey Walters.
8. Describe the purpose of the field of cybernetics.
7. Consider Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics—are they still valid?
6. Describe the literary works of Karel Čapek, Mary Shelley, and Isaac Asimov and how they projected concerns and developments in robotics.
5. Name and describe two chess-related automata that were built in prior centuries.
they occur?
4. Describe the inventions of the father-son team Pierre and Henri-Louis Jaquet-Drov. When did
3. Describe some of the early myths about robotics that were presented in the chapter, including The Brass Head, the Homunculus, and the golem.
2. In the Story Box of MrTomR and Bobby, explain how today’s robots may or may not be able to perform the functions of MrTomR.
1. Discuss five areas of AI presented in previous chapters and their relationship to robotics.
5. How will we maintain “control” over the machines we have created?
4. And if life will be extendable in these ways, how will overpopulation be prevented?
3. Who will receive the best care (augmentations, resources) when there are limitations on availability?
2. Where, when, and what will define a person’s real identity – one’s essence (soul) ?
1. What defines a person – given all the augmentations we may soon acquire (better vision, better calculation skills, better health, longer life, etc.) ?
9. Describe how a human’s approach to planning is different from how a computer might tackle a planning problem. Describe how each one’s methods might also be similar.
8. How could computer planning be helpful in coping with natural disasters?
7. How might a computer-planning program be helpful to the military?
6. Consider how a STRIPS-like system would solve the famous Monkeys and Bananas Problem posed by John McCarthy:The Monkey is faced with the problem of getting a bunch of bananas hanging from the ceiling just beyond his reach. To solve this problem, the monkey must push a box to an empty place under
5. Try one of the Practical Planners on the University of Edinburgh Web site www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/oplan and report on your experience.
4. What did the Sussman Anomaly demonstrate?

Showing 3300 - 3400 of 4756

First
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Last

Artificial Intelligence In The 21st Century 2nd Edition Stephen Lucci, Danny Kopec - Solutions

Step by Step Answers