Mass Communication Theory Foundations Ferment And Future 6th Edition Stanley J. Baran, Dennis K. Davis - Solutions

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To what extent do lists of popularity based on survey ratings or rankings affect the music you buy, the books you read or the movies you see? Do you find the lists helpful, or are you often disappointed when you base your media habits on the popularity rankings?
Go to the ZIP code look-up page on http://www.claritas.com. It allows you to put in a neighborhood’s ZIP code and find out what lifestyle stories Claritas connects to them. Put in two neighborhoods that you know are different from one another economically or culturally. Compare the ways Claritas
Claritas is a company that helps marketers divide the United States into lifestyle segments based on postal (ZIP) codes. Go to http://www.claritas.com on the Web to explore their products and services. Explain three ways in which Claritas is “constructing” America. If marketers use the
Why might media practitioners not want their products to appeal to certain audiences, even if those audiences are large?
What does it mean to say that production in mass media firms is a collaborative process?
Can you see why companies in the information business might have to deal with ethical and legal issues of privacy? What privacy issues come to mind, and how do they affect you?
In what ways are the local television hard news stories both different from and similar to the network TV hard news stories?
Investigate whether and how the three largest U.S. mass media companies operate in the three largest mass media industries.
Harness your media literacy skills to evaluate what this means to you as a media consumer
Explain the way media firms finance the production, distribution, and exhibition of media materials
Identify and discuss the processes of producing, distributing, and exhibiting materials in mass media industries
Describe the primary genres of the materials created by various mass media industries
Recognize how mass media personnel consider the audience an integral part of business concerns
In view of the “foundation principles” of media literacy presented in this chapter, how media literate do you think you are at present? Explain your answer.
Do you agree or disagree with the criticisms of the mass media? Why or why not?
What are some ways in which the mass media have given you a sense of connection with or disconnection from others in the United States or in the rest of the world?
Can you think of entertainment (as opposed to news) content that you have used for surveillance or interpretation?
Of the forms of funding when production is already complete, advertising is the most common. Why do you think that is?
As newspaper companies cut staff in order to keep up their profits, some observers believe that the investigative report is one genre of journalism that will get less attention. Why would they think that? What might that mean for journalism and for journalism’s role in society?
Why is it useful to see an audience as “constructed” rather than as objectively real?
Give an example of a way that a mass media production firm has purposefully used “noise.”
What are the similarities and differences between different forms of communication?
Explain current and future trends in mass communication
Discuss the importance of developing media literacy skills for the classroom and for professional and community life
List the key principles involved in becoming media literate
Explain what the term media literacy means
Analyze the ways in which the mass media affect our everyday lives
Explain the meaning and importance of culture’s relationship with the mass media
Explain why an unorthodox definition of mass communication makes the term especially relevant in today’s media environment
Discuss the differences among interpersonal communication, mediated interpersonal communication, and mass communication
Advertisers, through product positioning, make extensive use of symbolic interaction.Can you look around your life and find?
Politicians were among the first professionals to understand the power of framing.What routinized or habitual meanings come to mind when you encounter frames like pro-life, pro-choice, death tax, tax relief, tax and spend, welfare queen, death panel, socialized medicine, Medicare for All? All are
How attached are you to your cell phone?Consider that you can keep only one—television, refrigerator, newspaper, radio, or cell phone. Which one would you retain? Why?Have you ever lost your cell phone? How connected (or disconnected) from your environment did you feel? Why? How quickly did you
When it comes to technology (e.g., a new Internet application, the latest recording equipment, or an innovative automotive device) are you a change agent, an early adopter, an opinion leader, or an opinion follower? What is it about you that determines where you stand in the process of the
Do you vote? Why or why not? How important do you think your participation in the democratic process really is? That is, can one citizen make a difference? If you answer yes, do you find the theories presented in this chapter troubling? Why or why not? If you answer no, can you find an explanation
Have your opinions about a controversial issue in the news ever been spiraled into silence? If so, what was the situation? If not, have you ever had to resist the temptation to remain silent in the face of opposing opinion?If so, what were the circumstances? Has the emergence of the Internet, with
Why would you ever impose an oppositional reading of a piece of media content? After all, the producers went to great lengths to create a text that would bring you some satisfaction. Why not just enjoy it? There are always other texts that can provide you with the reading you prefer.
Choose a media consumption choice that you may often have to make, such as selecting a movie streamed to your home TV versus one at the multiplex, choosing an episode of your favorite situation comedy downloaded to your cell phone versus one on your big-screen television set, or scanning online
Where does the greater amount of power reside in the media/audience relationship?That is, do media do things to people, or do people do things with media? Are there circumstances when the “balance of power”might shift? That is, are there circumstances when audience members have greater control
What kind of car do you want, ideally, once you leave school? Why? What realities do you attribute to what is, in effect, little more than a sophisticated piece of steel, plastic, and glass? Where did these realities originate? How free are you to develop your own personally meaningful reality of
Does your hometown or state capital have a sponsored symphony, theater, or dance troupe, for example, the Boston Opera House, the New York Philharmonic, or the Houston Ballet? Why do municipal or state governments offer financial support to elite arts organizations such as these? Shouldn’t the
Critical theory, by definition, questions and challenges the status quo in hopes of changing it. But is this a proper role for any social scientific theory? After all, the status quo seems to be working for most of us; it certainly is for those who engage in critical theory. They probably have nice
Do you think childhood has been redefined in contemporary times? Talk about this with your parents. Ask them if they think their childhoods were similar to the one you lived.If they see differences, ask them why they think those differences exist. How much attention do they pay to mass media
Are you a video game player? If so, what is your reaction to the research presented in this chapter? If you think it does not apply to you, why is that? What about your friends?Is it possible you are engaging in the thirdperson effect we discussed in Chapter 1? Do you draw a distinction between
Are you convinced of the causal link between mediated violence and subsequent viewer aggression? Why or why not? Was your view altered by the information presented in this chapter? Why or why not? If you are convinced that the link does not exist, explain why all the scientists referenced here are
The middle-range orientation involves the specification of ignorance. Rather than pretend to knowledge where it is in fact absent, this orientation expressly recognizes what must still be learned to lay the foundation for still more knowledge.
This type of theory cuts across the distinction between micro-sociological problems.
These theories are sufficiently abstract to deal with differing spheres of social behavior and social structure, so that they transcend sheer description or empirical generalization.
These theories do not remain separate but are consolidated into wider networks of theory.
Middle-range theories consist of limited sets of assumptions from which specific hypotheses are logically derived and confirmed by empirical investigation.
Does the recent trend toward partisan media outlets herald a new era of minimal media effects? If so, what are the consequences?Are we becoming a nation in which we no longer share common media but rely increasingly on media tailored to appeal to people who think and act like ourselves?What about
Klapper’s phenomenistic theory argues that media’s greatest power rests in their ability to reinforce existing attitudes and values. At the time, this was evidence that media had limited effects—they were limited to reinforcement. But more contemporary thinking (as you’ll read in later
Are you typically an opinion leader or an opinion follower? Are there specific topics on which you are one or the other? Identify an issue (movies, music, sports, fashion, domestic politics) on which you can identify another whose opinion you usually seek. How well does that person fit the
Social responsibility theory assumes a press that balances profit and service under the watch of an interested public. Many critics, as you’ve read, believe the media have favored profit over service as the public has remained disinterested. But if journalism becomes the product of a primarily
Libertarianism is based on the self-righting principle—if all the information is available, good ideas will survive and bad ideas will die. But this also assumes that the “debate”between the ideas is fair. Do you think fairness can be achieved in contemporary mass media? Libertarianism also
Do you read news blogs? If so, which ones?Which engage primarily in commentary and which do original reporting? Do you trust these online news sites more or less than you do more traditional media outlets? Why or why not? Do you agree with Nick Carr that blogs have lost their fire, or are you with
What should we expect media to do for us in times of crisis?
Is it necessary or advisable that media serve as watchdogs and protect consumers against business fraud and corrupt bureaucrats?
Should media become involved in identifying and solving social problems?
Are there some essential public services that media should provide even if no immediate profits can be earned?
Should media do something more than merely distribute whatever content will earn them the greatest profits in the shortest time?
Can the traditional news media ever be truly“liberal,” given their corporate ownership?Doesn’t the now widely accepted view that the media failed the country in the run-up to the invasion of Iraq prove that they are anything but liberal? Why or why not? What about the media’s failure to
Founding Father Benjamin Franklin said that Americans who would exchange a bit of freedom in order to secure a bit of security deserve neither freedom nor security. What does he mean by this? Can you relate this sentiment to the debate over the role of propaganda in a democracy? Where would
This chapter spent a good deal of time on the debate over the proper role of propaganda in a democracy. Where do you stand? Should those who “know better” use powerful propaganda techniques for the public good, or is propaganda inherently antidemocratic?Reread the box concerning engineering of
Roger Scruton wants to tell us what it means to be an intelligent person. He assumes that he can do this only if we already have a basic understanding of the great works. “It would be useful to have read Les fleurs du mal by Baudelaire and T. S. Eliot’s Waste Land,” he wrote; “I shall also
Think about your first few months in college. Relate your experience to the kinds of social upheaval society faced in the transformation from gemeinschaft to gesellschaft and from mechanical to organic solidarity. Can you make an argument for the proposition that media become particularly
Have you read 1984 or seen either Citizen Kane (a fictionalized account of the life of William Randolph Hearst) or Good Night, and Good Luck? If so, can you identify elements of mass society thinking (or challenges to it) in these movies?
Social scientists may have differences of opinion about the role of values in research and theory (axiology), but what about you?Where do you stand on the proper place of values in the conduct of social science?Should social scientists engage in research and theory development to advance ideas and
Can you think of any social science “findings” that you reject? What are they? On what grounds do you base your skepticism?Can you separate your personal experience with the issue from your judgment of the social scientific evidence?
How well informed are you about public affairs? Where do you get most of your information about the world around you? Do you talk about current affairs with the people around you? How often do you reflect on the relationship between keeping up with the issues of the day and your responsibilities as
How much support does it generate among members of the scholarly community also investigating a specific media system (or its parts)?
What, and how powerful, are the economic, social, cultural, and political realities surrounding the actual operation of a system (or its parts) that must be considered in evaluating that performance?
How stable and definitive are the ideal standards of operation against which the media system (or its parts) under study will be measured?
How useful is the critique of the status quo? In other words, does it provide enough understanding of elite power so that power can be effectively challenged?Does the theory enable individuals to oppose elite definitions of the social world?
How much aesthetic appeal does it have? In other words, does it enthuse or inspire its adherents?
How much support does it generate among members of the scholarly community also investigating the phenomenon of interest?
How well does it clarify the values inherent in the interpretation, not only those embedded in the phenomenon of interest, but those of the researcher or theorist?
How much new or fresh insight into the event, behavior, or relationship of interest does it offer? In other words, how much does it advance our understanding?
How practical or useful is it? If the goals of postpositivist theory are explanation, prediction, and control, how much assistance toward these ends is provided by the theory?
How parsimonious is it? In other words, is it the simplest explanation possible of the phenomenon in question? Some call this elegance. Keep in mind that communication theories generally tend to lack parsimony. In fact, one of the reasons many social scientists avoid the study of communication is
How testable is it? In other words, is it specific enough in its assertions that it can be systematically supported or rejected based on empirical observation?
How well does it predict future events, behaviors, or relationships?
How well does it explain the event, behavior, or relationship of interest?

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Mass Communication Theory Foundations Ferment And Future 6th Edition Stanley J. Baran, Dennis K. Davis - Solutions

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