Operations And Supply Chain Management The Core 3rd Edition F. Robert Jacobs, Richard Chase - Solutions

6. Evaluate the impact of making these changes using criteria other than just the time to complete the proj- ect. Do you think it would be in Nokia's best interest to try to make these changes in how they run this and future cell phone design projects?
5. The second change your boss would like you to con- sider would be to select the suppliers during subproj- ect P and have them work directly with the dedicated teams as described in 4. This would involve adding an additional activity to subproject P called supplier selection and contract
4. Your boss would like you to study the impact of making two changes to how the project is organized. The first change involves using dedicated teams that would work strictly in parallel on the activities in each subproject. For example, in subproject P (product specifications) the team would work
3. Identify slack in the activities not on the project criti- cal path.
2. Calculate the start and finish times for each activity and determine the minimum number of weeks for completing the project. Find the activities that are on the critical path for completing the project in the shortest time.
1. Draw a project network that includes all the activities.
16 Assume the network and data that follow: ACTIVITY NORMAL TIME (WEEKS) NORMAL CRASH TIME CRASH IMMEDIATE COST (WEEKS) COST PREDECESSORS A 2 $50 T 570 B 4 80 2 160 A c 8 70 4 A D 6 60 5 80 A E 100 6 130 B F G 40 100 100 D 150 C.E.Fa. Construct the network diagram.b. Indicate the critical path when
15 Bragg's Bakery is building a new automated bakery in downtown Sandusky. Here are the activities that need to be completed to get the new bakery built and the equipment installed. NORMAL TIME (WEEKS) CRASH TIME EXPEDITING (WEEKS) COST/WEEK A B A A D B.C E C F D, E 985562 6 53.000 5 3,500 15 10
14 The following CPM network has estimates of the normal time in weeks listed for the activities:a. Identify the critical path.b. What is the length of time to complete the project?c. Which activities have slack, and how much?d. Here is a table of normal and crash times and costs. Which activities
13 For the network shown:a. Determine the critical path and the early completion time in weeks for the project.b. For the data shown, reduce the project completion time by three weeks. Assume a linear cost per week shortened, and show, step by step, how you arrived at your schedule. ACTIVITY NORMAL
12 The home office billing department of a chain of department stores prepares monthly inven- tory reports for use by the stores' purchasing agents. Given the following information, use the critical path method to determine: How long the total process will take.b. Which jobs can be delayed without
11 Here is a network with the activity times shown in days:a. Find the critical path.b. The following table shows the normal times and the crash times, along with the associ- ated costs for each activity. ACTIVITY NORMAL TIMEL CRASH TIME NORMAL COST CRASH COST A 7 6 $7,000 $8,000 ACDEFG 3452 2
10 Here is a CPM network with activity times in weeks:a. Determine the critical path.b. How many weeks will the project take to complete?c. Suppose F could be shortened by two weeks and B by one week. How would this affect the completion date? (A(7)) (B(5) G(3) (C16) (EH) (D(6) (F(8))
9 A construction project is broken down into the following 10 activities: ACTIVITY IMMEDIATE PREDECESSOR TIME (WEEKS) 4 2 2 3 4 4 3 5 2.3 5 6 3 6 7 4 2 5 3 6,7 5 8.9 9 10a. Draw the network diagram.b. Find the critical path.c. If activities I and 10 cannot be shortened, but activities 2 through 9
8a. Construct the appropriate network diagram.b. Indicate the critical path.c. What is the expected completion time for the project?d. You can accomplish any one of the following at an additional cost of $1,500: (1) Reduce job 5 by two days. (2) Reduce job 3 by two days. (3) Reduce job 7 by two
7 There is an 82% chance the project below can be completed in X weeks or less. What is X? ACTIVITY Most OPTIMISTIC MOST LIKELY MOST PESSIMISTIC D A 2 5 11 B 3. 3 3 1 3 5 10 4 7 10 8 The following table represents a plan for a project: TIMES (DAYS) Jos No. PREDECESSOR JOB(S) b 1 2 3 4 2 1 2 3 3 4.
6 The following represents a project that should be scheduled using CPM: TIMES (DAYS) ACTIVITY IMMEDIATE PREDECESSORS a J b A 3 B T 2 3 C A 1 2 3 D A 2 3 E B 3 4 11 F C.D. 3 4 G D.E 1 4 H F.G 2 4a. Draw the network.b. What is the critical path?c. What is the expected project completion time?d. What
5 The R&D department is planning to bid on a large project for the development of a new communication system for commercial planes. The accompanying table shows the activities. times, and sequences required: ACTIVITY IMMEDIATE PREDECESSOR TIME (WEEKS) A 3 B 2 C 4 D A E B 6 F C.D 6 G D. F 2 H D 3
4 Schedule the following activities using CPM: ACTIVITY B IMMEDIATE PREDECESSOR TIME (WEEKS) A A 3 D B E C.D 5 F D G F 2 H EG 3a. Draw the network.b. What is the critical path?c. How many weeks will it take to complete the project?d. Which activities have slack, and how much?
3 The following activities are part of a project to be scheduled using CPM: ACTIVITY IMMEDIATE PREDECESSOR TIME (WEEKS) A 6 B A C A 7 D C 2 E B. D 4 D 3 EFa. Draw the network.b. What is the critical path?c. How many weeks will it take to complete the project?d. How much slack does activity B have?
2 A project to build a new bridge seems to be going very well since the project is well ahead of schedule and costs seem to be running very low. A major milestone has been reached where the first two activities have been totally completed and the third activity is 60% com- plete. The planners were
1 Your project to obtain charitable donations is now 30 days into a planned 40-day project. The project is divided into 3 activities. The first activity is designed to solicit individual do- nations. It is scheduled to run the first 25 days of the project and to bring in $25,000. Even though we are
7 Why would subcontractors for a government project want their activities on the critical path? Under what conditions would they try to avoid being on the critical path?
6 "Project control should always focus on the critical path." Comment.
5 What are the underlying assumptions of minimum-cost scheduling? Are they equally realistic?
4 Which characteristics must a project have for critical path scheduling to be applicable? What types of projects have been subjected to critical path analysis?
3 Discuss the graphic presentations in Exhibit 5.4. Are there any other graphic outputs you would like to see if you were project manager?
2 What are some reasons project scheduling is not done well?
1 What was the most complex project that you have been involved in? Give examples of the following as they pertain to the project: the work breakdown structure, tasks, subtasks, and work package. Were you on the critical path? Did it have a good project manager?
8. In a service process such as the checkout counter in a discount store, a good target for capacity utilization is about this percent.
7 In considering a capacity expansion we have two alternatives. The first alternative is expected to cost $1,000,000 and has an expected profit of $500,000 over the next three years. The second alternative has an expected cost of $800,000 and expected profit of $450.000 over the next three years.
6 We have this when we have the ability to serve more customers than we expect to have to serve.
5 Term that describes when multiple (usually similar) products can be produced in a facility less expen- sively than a single product.
4 A facility that limits its production to a single prod- uct or a set of very similar products.
3 The concept that relates to gaining efficiency through the full utilization of dedicated resources, such as people and equipment.
2 A facility has a maximum capacity of 4,000 units per day using overtime and skipping the daily main- tenance routine. At 3,500 units per day, the facil- ity operates at a level where average cost per unit is minimized. Currently, the process is scheduled to operate at a level of 3.000 units per
1 The level of capacity for which a process was designed and at which it operates at minimum cost.
4 Although financial data are sketchy, an estimate from a construction company indicates that adding bed capacity would cost about $100,000 per bed. In ad- dition, the rate charged for the hemia surgery varies between about $900 and $2,000 (U.S. dollars), with an average rate of $1,300 per
3 Now look at the effect of increasing the number of beds by 50 percent. How many operations could the hospital perform per day before running out of bed capacity? (Assume operations are performed five days per week, with the same number performed on each day.) How well would the new resources be
2 Develop a similar table to show the effects of adding operations on Saturday. (Assume that 30 operations would still be performed each day.) How would this affect the utilization of the bed capacity? Is this capac- ity sufficient for the additional patients?
1 How well is the hospital currently utilizing its beds?
6 A builder has located a piece of property that she would like to buy and eventually build on. The land is currently zoned for four homes per acre, but she is planning to request new zoning. What she builds depends on approval of zoning requests and your analysis of this problem to advise her.
5 Expando, Inc., is considering the possibility of building an additional factory that would pro- duce a new addition to their product line. The company is currently considering two options. The first is a small facility that it could build at a cost of $6 million. If demand for new prod ucts is
4 Suppose that operators have enough training to operate both the bronze machines and the injection molding machine for the plastic sprinklers. Currently Always Rain has 10 such employees. In anticipation of the ad campaign described in Problem 2. management approved the purchase of two additional
3 In anticipation of the ad campaign. AlwaysRain bought an additional bronze machine. Will this be enough to ensure that enough capacity is available?
2 Suppose that Always Rain Irrigation's Marketing Department will undertake an intense ad campaign for the bronze sprinklers, which are more expensive but also more durable than the plastic ones. Forecast demand for the next four years is YEARLY DEMAND 1 (IN 0008) 2 (IN CODs) 3 (IN 0008) 4 (IN
1 Always Rain Irrigation. Inc., would like to determine capacity requirements for the next four years. Currently two production lines are in place for making bronze and plastic sprinklers. Three types of sprinklers are available in both bronze and plastic: 90-degree nozzle sprin- klers. 180-degree
8 At first glance, the concepts of the focused factory and capacity flexibility may seem to con- tradict each other. Do they really?
7 What are some reasons for a plant to maintain a capacity cushion? How about a negative capacity cushion?
6 What is capacity balance? Why is it hard to achieve? What methods are used to deal with capacity imbalances?
5 Management may choose to build up capacity in anticipation of demand or in response to developing demand. Cite the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches.
4. What are some major capacity considerations in a hospital? How do they differ from those of a factory?
3 What are some capacity balance problems faced by the following organizations or facilities?a. An airline terminalb. A university computing labc. A clothing manufacturer
2 List some practical limits to economies of scale; that is, when should a plant stop growing?
1 What capacity problems are encountered when a new drug is introduced to the market?
13 What forecasting tool is most appropriate when closely working with customers dependent on your products?
12 You know that sales are greatly influenced by the amount your firm advertises in the local paper. What forecasting technique would you suggest trying?
11 What would you suggest to improve the forecast described in question 10?
10 percent. The average demand is 130 units. What is the MAD? 10 If the tracking signal for your forecast was consis- tently positive, you could then say this about your forecasting technique.
9 Your forecast is, on average, incorrect by about
8. Assume that you are using exponential smoothing with an adjustment for trend. Demand is increasing at a very steady rate of about five units per week. Would you expect your alpha and delta parameters to be closer to one or zero?
7 If the demand in the current week was 102 units and we had forecast it to be 125, what would be next week's forecast using an exponential smoothing model with an alpha of 0.3?
6 This is identifying and separating time series data into components of demand.
5 This type of analysis is most appropriate when the past is a good predictor of the future.
4 These are the six major components of demand.
3 This is a term used for actually influencing the sale of a product or service.
2 This is the type of demand that is most appropriate for using forecasting models.
1 This is a type of forecast used to make long-term de- cisions, such as where to locate a warehouse or how many employees to have in a plant next year.
4 What are the advantages and disadvantages of aggregat- ing demand from a forecasting view? Are there other things that should be considered when going from mul- tiple DCs to a DC?
3 Starbucks is considering simplifying the supply chain for their coffeemaker. Instead of stocking the coffeemaker in all five distribution centers, they are considering only supplying it from a single location. Evaluate this option by analyzing how accurate the forecast would be based on the
2 Next, consider using a simple exponential smoothing model. In your analysis, test two alpha values, 2 and 4. Use the same criteria for evaluating the model as in part 1. When using an alpha value of 2. assume that the forecast for week I is the past three-week average (the average demand for
1 Consider using a simple moving average model. Experiment with models using five weeks and three weeks' past data. The past data in each region are given below (week -I is the week before week I in the table, -2 is two weeks before week I, etc.). Evaluate the forecasts that would have been made
29 Sales by quarter for last year and the first three quarters of this year were as follows: QUARTER 11 IV Last year 23,000 27,000 24,000 18.000 15,000 9.000 This year 19,000 Using a procedure that you develop that captures the change in demand from last year to this year and also the seasonality
28 Mark Price, the new productions manager for Speakers and Company, needs to find out which variable most affects the demand for their line of stereo speakers. He is uncertain whether the unit price of the product or the effects of increased marketing are the main drivers in sales and wants to use
27 Here are earnings per share for two companies by quarter from the first quarter of 2009. through the second quarter of 2012. Forecast earnings per share for the rest of 2012 and 2013. Use exponential smoothing to forecast the third period of 2012, and the time series decomposition method to
26 Use regression analysis on deseasonalized demand to forecast demand in summer 2013, given the following historical demand data: YEAR SEASON ACTUAL DEMAND 2011 Spring 205 Summer 140 Fall 375 Winter 575 2012 Spring 475 Summer 275 Fall 6851 Winter 965
25 Tucson Machinery, Inc., manufactures numerically controlled machines, which sell for an average price of $0.5 million each. Sales for these NCMs for the past two years were as follows: QUARTER QUANTITY (UNITS) QUARTER QUANTITY (UNITS) Last Year This Year IV 12 18 26 16 16 24 28 IV 18 Excel.a.
24 The following table shows the past two years of quarterly sales information. Assume that there are both trend and seasonal factors and that the seasonal cycle is one year. Use time series decomposition to forecast quarterly sales for the next year. QUARTER SALES QUARTER SALES 160 5 215 2 195 6
23 Sales data for two years are as follows. Data are aggregated with two months of sales each "period." MONTHS SALES MONTHS SALES January-February 109 January-February 115 March-April 104 March-April 112 May-June 150 May-June 159 July-August 170 July-August 1821 September-October 120
22 Zeus Computer Chips, Inc., used to have major contracts to produce the Centrino-type chips... The market has been declining during the past three years because of the dual-core chips, which it cannot produce, so Zeus has the unpleasant task of forecasting next year. The task is unpleasant
21 After using your forecasting model for six months, you decide to test it using MAD and a tracking signal. Here are the forecast and actual demands for the six-month period: PERIOD FORECAST ACTUAL May 450 500 June 500 550 July 550 400 August 600 500 September 650 675 October 700 600a. Find the
20 Your manager is trying to determine what forecasting method to use. Based upon the follow- ing historical data, calculate the following forecast and specify what procedure you would utilize.ACTUAL ACTUAL DEMAND MONTH DEMAND 62 7 76 2 65 8 78 67 9 78 68 10 80 71 31 84 73 12 85a. Calculate the
19 WEEK FORECAST ACTUAL 1 800 900 2 850 1000 3 950 1050 4 950 900 5 1000 900 6 975 1100 Use the method stated in the text to compute the MAD and tracking signal. Then decide whether the forecasting model you have been using is giving reasonable results. The following table shows predicted product
18 In this problem, you are to test the validity of your forecasting model. Here are the forecasts for a model you have been using and the actual demands that occurred:
17 Harlen Industries has a simple forecasting model: Take the actual demand for the same month last year and divide that by the number of fractional weeks in that month. This gives the average weekly demand for that month. This weekly average is used as the weekly fore- cast for the same month this
16 A particular forecasting model was used to forecast a six-month period. Here are the fore- casts and actual demands that resulted: FORECAST ACTUAL April 250 200 May 325 250 June 400 325 July 350 300 August 375 450 325 400 September Find the tracking signal and state whether you think the model
15 Here are the actual tabulated demands for an item for a nine-month period (January through September). Your supervisor wants to test two forecasting methods to see which method was better over this period. MONTH ACTUAL MONTH ACTUAL January June 180 February 130 July 340 March 150 August 130
14 The tracking signals computed using past demand history for three different products are as follows. Each product used the same forecasting technique. TS I TS 2 TS 3 1 -270 1.54 0.10 2 -2.32 -0.64 0.43 3 -170 2.05 108 3 258 174 174 -0.87 -0.95 194 b -0.05 -123 2.24 0.10 0.75 296 0,40 -159 3.02
13 Historical demand for a product is DEMAND January February 12 11 March 15 April 12 May 16 June 15a. Using a weighted moving average with weights of 0.60, 0.30, and 0.10, find the July forecast.b. Using a simple three-month moving average, find the July forecast.c. Using single exponential
12 Demand for stereo headphones and MP3 players for joggers has caused Nina Industries to grow almost 50 percent over the past year. The number of joggers continues to expand, so Nina expects demand for headsets to also expand, because, as yet, no safety laws have been passed to prevent joggers
11 Historical demand for a product is as follows: DEMAND April 60 May 55 June 75 July 60 August September 80 75a. Using a simple four-month moving average, calculate a forecast for October.b. Using single exponential smoothing with a = 0.2 and a September forecast = 65, calcu late a forecast for
10 Assume that your stock of sales merchandise is maintained based on the forecast demand. If the distributor's sales personnel call on the first day of each month, compute your forecast sales by each of the three methods requested here. ACTUAL June 140 July August 180 170a. Using a simple
9 Not all the items in your office supply store are evenly distributed as far as demand is con- cerned, so you decide to forecast demand to help plan your stock. Past data for legal-sized yellow tablets for the month of August are Week 1 Week 21 300 Week 3 400 Week 4 600 700 10a. Using a three-week
8 The number of cases of merlot wine sold by the Connor Owen winery in an eight-year period is as follows: YEAR 2005 2006 2007 2008 CASES OF MERLOT WINE YEAR CASES OF MERLOT WINE 270 2009 358 356 2010 500 398 2011 410 456 2012 376 Using an exponential smoothing model with an alpha value of 0.20,
7: Assume an initial starting F, of 300 units, a trend (7) of eight units, an alpha of 0.30, and a delta of 0.40. If actual demand turned out to be 288, calculate the forecast for the next period
6 Actual demand for a product for the past three months was Three months ago Two months ago Last month 400 units 350 units 325 unitsa. Using a simple three-month moving average, make a forecast for this month..b. If 300 units were actually demanded this month, what would your forecast be for next
5 The following table contains the demand from the last 10 months: MONTH ACTUAL DEMAND 31 MONTH ACTUAL DEMAND 6 36 7 38 40 9 40 10 41 1111 34 2 3 33 4 35 5 37a. Calculate the single exponential smoothing forecast for these data using an a of .30 and an initial forecast (F) of 31.b. Calculate the
4 The following tabulations are actual sales of units for six months and a starting forecast in January.a. Calculate forecasts for the remaining five months using simple exponential smoothing with a 0.2.b. Calculate MAD for the forecasts. ACTUAL FORECAST January 100 80 February 94 March 106 April
3 The following table contains the number of complaints received in a department store for the first 6 months of operation: MONTH COMPLAINTS MONTH COMPLAINTS January 36 April 90 February 45 May 108 March 81 June 144 If a three-month moving average is used to smooth this series, what would have been
2 Here are the data for the past 21 months for actual sales of a particular product: LAST YEAR THIS YEAR January 300 275 February 400 375 March 425 350 April 450 425 400 400 May 400 June 460 June 350 400 350 July +00 August 300 275 300 September 375 375 350 October 500 November 550 December 500

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Operations And Supply Chain Management The Core 3rd Edition F. Robert Jacobs, Richard Chase - Solutions

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