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Business Ethics 8th Edition William H. Shaw - Solutions
Statistical and attitudinal evidence of discrimination
The meaning of job discrimination and its different forms
What should Brenda do when she finds a fellow employee engaging in what she considers ethically dubious conduct?
What obligations do employees have to their employers? Do companies have moral rights that employees can violate? What moral difference, if any, is there between taking something that belongs to an individual and taking something that belongs to a company?
How would you respond to the argument that if the company doesn't do anything to stop the conduct on Brenda's list, then it has only itself to blame? What about the argument that none of the things on the list is wrong unless the company has an explicit rule against it?
Examine Brenda's list from both the utilitarian and the Kantian perspectives. What arguments can be given for and against the conduct on her list? Is the rightness or wrongness of some items a matter of degree? Can an action (such as taking a pad of paper) be both trivial and wrong?
Review each item on Brenda's list and assess the conduct in question. Do you find it morally acceptable, morally unacceptable, or somewhere in between? Explain.
Providing preferential service to corporate customers who have taken you out to lunch.
Directing company business to vendors who are friends or relatives.
Taking half the afternoon off when you're supposedly on business outside the office.
Calling in sick when you need personal time.
Using your office computer to shop online, trade stocks, view pomography, or e-mail friends on company time.
On a company business trip: staying in the most expen- sive hotel, taking taxis when you could walk, including wine as food on your expense tab, taking your spouse along at company expense.
Making nonbusiness trips in a company car.
Charging the postage on your personal mail to the company.
Making personal copies on the office machine.
Using the telephone for personal, long-distance phone calls.
Taking office supplies home for your personal use.
Is NewCom unfairly imposing its own ethnocentric values on Wilson Mutambara? Is the company's housing policy fair and reasonable? Is it culturally biased?
What should Barbara Weston and NewCom do? Should Wilson be ordered to move out of Old Town and into more appropriate housing? Should he be terminated for having falsified his housing receipts? If not, should he be punished in some other way?
Was Dale Garman right to confirm the information he had received and to report the matter? Was it morally required of him to do so?
Suppose Griffiths and Steffes were not employees of Florida East Coast Railways, but merely lived across the street and guessed what was going on. Could they still be guilty of insider trading?
In your view, is insider trading a serious moral problem? Explain why or why not. Should we legalize insider trading. as some argue, and simply let different companies decide how they want to deal with the issue?
Putting legal technicalities aside, did Griffiths and Steffes act unethically? Explain the facts and moral principles that support your answer.
Should the law prohibit employees acting as Griffiths and Steffes did? Explain why or why not. If actions like theirs are tolerated, will it diminish people's faith in the faimess of the stock market? Would permitting it set a bad precedent in other cases?
Were they "insiders"? If so, explain why. If not, does that imply that they cannot be guilty of insider trading or that what they did was morally permissible?
Did Griffiths and Steffes violate any legal or moral duties toward their employer? Did they act unfairly in some way?
Should people who discuss or recommend specific stocks online, on television, or in print disclose their own invest- ments in those companies? Is it sufficient for them to do so only "if people ask"?
If Citibank's board permits Parsons to work for Providence Equity Partners, does this mean that he has honored his fiduciary responsibilities to Citibank's shareholders? If you were a stockholder in Citibank, what would you think? Why do you think Citibank permitted Parsons to accept the position
What does loyalty to the company mean, and how impor- tant is it, morally? Under what circumstances, if any, do employees owe loyalty to their employers? When, if ever, do they owe loyalty to their coworkers?
What should Cynthia do? What ideals, obligations, and effects should she take into account when making her decision?
When, if ever, is an employee justified in blowing the whistle? What do you see as the most important factors that he or she needs to consider in deciding whether to blow the whistle?
The problem of how considerations of self-interest are to be weighed by an employee facing a tough moral choice.
What whistle-blowing is and the factors relevant to evaluating its morality.
The obligations employees have to third parties and the considerations they should weigh in cases of conflicting moral duties or divided loyalties.
Domestic and foreign bribery and the factors to consider in determining the morality of giving and receiving gifts in a business context.
Illegitimate use of one's official position for private gain, especially through insider trading or access to propri- etary data.
Employees' obligations to the firm, company loyalty, and the problem of conflicts of interest.
Can paid maternity or patemity leave make sense from a business point of view, even if it is not subsidized by the government?
Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction and the prospects for enhancing the quality of work life.
Working conditions-in particular, health and safety, styles of management, and provision of day-care facilities and maternity leave.
The moral issues raised by the use of polygraph. personality, and drug tests and by the monitoring of employees in the workplace.
The nature of privacy and the problems of organizational influence over private decisions.
Why did the Foundation run this ad? Is the ad anti-union propaganda? Do you think the Foundation is sincerely interested in the rights of individual workers? Or is it simply interested in weakening unions vis--vis management?
Presumably Paul Robertson could have joined the union, but he chose not to. What principle, if any, do you think he was fighting for? Assess the union charge that people like Paul Robertson are "free riders" who want the benefits and wages that unionization has brought but try to avoid paying the
If union employees negotiate a contract with manage- ment, part of which specifies that management will not hire non-union employees, does this violate anyone's rights? Would a libertarian agree that the resulting union shop was perfectly acceptable?
Does it make a difference to your assessment of the case whether someone like Robertson knows, when he accepts a job, that he must join the union or that non-union employees will be the first to be laid off?
Assuming the Foundation's description of the case is accu- rate, was Paul Robertson treated unfairly? Was this a case of discrimination? If Robertson was an "at-will" employee, does he have any legitimate grounds for complaint?
The role and history of unions in our economic system, their ideals and achievements, and the moral issues they raise.
The moral issues that some key personnel matters- hiring, promotions, discipline and discharge, and wages-give rise to.
The efforts of some successful companies to respect the rights and moral dignity of their employees.
The state of civil liberties in the workplace.
Developing countries like Indonesia are responding to increased demand for palm oil by Western consumers. Is it fair to the producer nations to restrict the expansion of this industry?
How far must corporations go to ensure that the various ingredients used in their products are produced in an environmentally satisfactory way? What if there aren't any truly sustainable options?
The word "sustainable" is tossed around a lot. What does it mean to you?
Some of the deeper and not fully resolved questions of environmental ethics: What environmental responsibilities do we have to the rest of the world? What obligations do we have to future generations? Does nature have value in itself? Is our commercial exploitation of animals immoral?
Different methods for pursuing our environmental goals-regulations, incentives, pricing mechanisms, and pollution permits.
The costs of environmental protection and the question of who should pay them.
The moral issues underlying business's abuse of the environment-in particular, the question of externalities, the problem of free riders, and the right to a livable environment
The traditional business attitudes toward the environ- ment that have encouraged environmental degradation and resource depletion.
The meaning and significance of ecology
Did the FDA move too quickly or was it necessary for the agency to act swiftly (in Senator Schumer's words) "before more tragedies occur? Do you think the FDA acted on the basis of scientific evidence or as a result of political pressure?
Should others measures-for example, consumer educa- tion, regulation of caffeine content, changes to product labeling and packaging-have been attempted before banning these beverages?
Is Peter Mercer correct that caffeinated alcoholic bever- ages serve no "socially redeeming purpose"? Is that the proper test for determining whether society should permit a product to be sold? What about the fact that there is a market demand for these products?
Are these drinks as dangerous as the critics maintain? How much of the problem is the caffeine, how much labeling and marketing, and how much is irresponsible behavior on the part of young drinkers? Are companies like Joose and Four Loko being singled out for social problems, in particular, alcohol
The social desirability of advertising in general: Is it a positive feature of our economic system? Does it manipulate, or merely respond to, consumer needs?
The role of the FTC in regulating advertising, especially, advertising to children.
Deceptive and morally questionable techniques used in advertising.
The responsibilities of business to consumers concern- ing product quality, prices, and labeling and packaging.
Product safety-the legal and moral responsibilities of manufacturers and the pros and cons of government regulations designed to protect consumers, including the issue of legal paternalism.
The importance of institutionalizing ethics within corporations and how this may be done.
Three key arguments in this debate: the invisible-hand argument, the let-government-do-it argument, and the business-can't-handle-it argument.
The controversy between the narrow view and the broader view of corporate responsibility.
The debate over whether corporations are moral agents and can be meaningfully said to have moral responsibilities.
Should synthetic CDOS be regulated in some way or even banned altogether?
In your view, what does the rise of synthetic CDOs tell us about contemporary capitalism?
Are synthetic CDOs a legitimate business investment. or are they pure gambling? If the former, what are their benefits? If the latter, should banks and other companies be allowed to wager on whatever they want if they like the odds and think they can make money that way?
The problems facing capitalism in the United States today-in particular, the decline of manufacturing, along with job outsourcing and the trade deficit; an excessive focus on the short term; and changing attitudes toward work.
Fundamental criticisms of capitalism-in particular, the persistence of inequality and poverty, capital- ism's implicit view of human nature, the rise of economic oligarchies, the shortcomings of competition, and employees' experience of alienation and exploitation on the job.
Two classical moral justifications of capitalism- one based on the right to property, the other on Adam Smith's concept of the invisible hand.
Four of the key features of capitalism: companies, profit motive, competition, and private property.
The definition of capitalism and its major historical stages.
How would our economy be assessed from the point of view of Rawls's difference principle? Can it be plausibly maintained that, despite poverty, our system works to "the greatest expected benefit of the least advantaged"? Is this an appropriate standard?
How would a libertarian like Nozick view poverty in the United States? How plausible do you find the libertarian's preference for private charity over public assistance?
How would a utilitarian view the facts about poverty? What are the implications for our society of the concept of the declining utility of money?
The contractualist and egalitarian theory of John Rawls.
The libertarian theory, which places a moral priority on liberty and free exchange.
The utilitarian approach to justice in general and economic justice in particular.
The concept of justice, its relation to fairness, equality, rights, and what people deserve, and some rival principles of economic distribution.A
Do you believe that we have a moral duty to donate blood? If so, why and under what circumstances? If not, why not?
Many believe that commercialization is increasing in all areas of modern life. If so, is it something to be applauded or condemned? Is it wrong to treat certain things-such as human organs-as commodities?
Singer suggests that although the right to sell blood does not threaten the formal right to give blood, it is incompat- ible with "the right to give blood, which cannot be bought, which has no cash value, and must be given freely if it is to be obtained at all." Assess that idea. Is there such a
Are Titmuss and Singer correct to suggest that the buying and selling of blood reduces altruism? Does knowing that you can sell your blood (and that others are selling theirs) make you less inclined to donate your blood?
What are the contrasting ideals of the British and U.S. blood systems? Which system, in your opinion, better promotes human freedom and respect for people? Which system better promotes the supply of blood?
Did Plasma International strike a fair bargain with the West Africans who supplied their blood to the company? Or is Plasma guilty of exploiting them in some way? Explain your answer.
Is Sol Levin running a business "just like any other busi- ness," or is his company open to moral criticism? Defend your answer by appeal to moral principle.
Other nonconsequentialist normative themes: duties, moral rights, and prima facie principles.
Kant's ethics, with his categorical imperative and his emphasis on moral motivation and respect for persons.
Utilitarianism, the theory that the morally right action is the one that achieves the most happiness for everyone concerned.
Egoism, both as an ethical theory and as a psychological theory.
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