Questions and Answers of Range Management Principles

What are some positive effects of controlled grazing compared to no grazing on range plants?
Define the followings:1. Range management planning2. Integrated resource planning3. Systems analysis4. Virtual reality
What are some practical applications of geographical information systems (GIS) technology in range management?
From a range management standpoint, what kind of issues does long-range planning address?
Discuss what artificial intelligence involves ?
Generally what goals do public range management agencies emphasize?
Satellite imagery can be used to do the following in range management:a. Predict economic outcomes of range management practicesb. Monitoring changes in livestock productivity through timec. Track
Coordinated resource management:a. Depends heavily on team workb. Focuses on a single component of a ranching problemc. Is oriented towards maximizing a single land used. Results in a closed-ended
Strategic planning is best described as:a. Reactive to management problemsb. Opportunistic in reacting to changec. Non-adaptive to changed. Proactive and adaptive to opportunities and change
Which man is considered the pioneer in computer applications to range management problems?a. C. W. Cookb. Sampsonc. G. M. VanDyned. L. A. Stoddarte. J. Workman
Define the followings:1. Market economy2. Externality3. Globalization4. Opportunity cost5. Benefit cost analysis
What are some reasons why active range management practices such as brush control have often not met economic expectations based on modeling approaches?
What are the four basic approaches for economic evaluation of range management practices?
What are the major risks associated with range livestock production?
Why is ranching more profitable and less risky in the central Great Plains compared to most parts of the western USA?
How does fossil fuel use for range livestock production compare to producing meat from animals fed harvested feeds?
Why have real cattle prices during the past 20 years been low relative to previous periods since World War II?
In recent years, the United States has imported about how much of its oil and petroleum products?a. 20 – 28%b. 38 – 46%c. 60 – 67%d. 80 – 86%e. None is imported
Which approach for evaluating economic effectiveness of range management practices is commonly used for projects on public rangelands?a. Best case scenariob. Internal rate of returnc. Present net
Fossil fuel energy use associated with range livestock production is:a. Higher than for livestock fed harvested feeds under confined conditionsb. Lower than for livestock fed harvested feeds under
Historically, cattle prices have shown:a. large random changesb. There has been very little change among yearsc. “Cyclic” somewhat repeatable pattern of up and down years
In recent years, ranching costs have:a. Increasedb. Decreasedc. Remained stable
Financial returns from range livestock production as a percentage of capital investment have been most nearly?a. 20%b. 10%c. 6%d. 4%e. 1%
Discuss how transhumance herders graze their livestock.
What are the primary rangeland problems in developing African countries?
What are some approaches to dealing with drought in African countries?
Discuss what the "tragedy of the commons" refers to.
Discuss what centripetal grazing involves?
Generally water developments in African countries have been?a. Well planned with provisions for maintenanceb. Overlooked as a tool to improve grazing conditionsc. Not well planned with no provisions
Which of the factors below are considered necessary for improvement in living conditions in developing countries?a. National unityb. Market oriented economyc. Protection of private property rightsd.
The climate of most African countries is best characterized as:a. Long wet periods with very short dry periodsb. Moderate rainfall occurs with an even distribution throughout the yearc. Generally it
What is the trend in human populations in developing countries?a. Rapidly increasingb. Slowly decreasingc. Generally stabled. Information is lacking on human population trend
Which is the biggest problem confronting rangelands in African countries?a. Extremely low nutritional quality of forageb. Rugged terrain that cause livestock distribution problemsc. Excessive numbers
Define the followings:1. Prescribed burn2. Contact herbicide3. Extensive range improvements4. Broadcast seeding5. Forage conservation
Under what conditions has rangeland fertilization been financially most effective?
What are some basic questions a range manager should ask regarding whether an area should be seeded?
What are the primary considerations in chemical control of unwanted plants?
What are some considerations in mechanical control of unwanted plants?
What are some possible benefits of rangeland burning?
Water repellent soil may result from which range management practice?a. Herbicidal control of brushb. Burningc. Fertilizationd. Mechanical brush controle. Biological plant control
What factor has reduced the number of brush control projects on rangelands in recent years?a. Higher land pricesb. Pressure from environmental groupsc. Higher cattle pricesd. Increased income from
What nutrient is most limiting to forage production on rangelands?a. Phosphorusb. Nitrogenc. Potassiumd. Sulfure. Calcium
What minimum rate of financial return do the authors consider necessary to justify most brush control projects?a. 25%b. 18%c. 13%d. 10%e. 5%
Which vegetation manipulation tool generally involves the lowest cost?a. Mechanical controlb. Herbicidal controlc. Burningd. Biological control
Define the followings:1. Edge effect2. Riparian zone3. Black grass bugs4. Coyote getter
What guidelines can be applied to maintain and enhance wildlife populations when brush control projects are designed?
What kind of information is needed to interpret and relieve forage competition problems between domestic and big game animals?
How can cattle grazing be used to improve elk winter range?
How can fences improve habitat for songbirds?
Discuss some of the ways that controlled livestock grazing can improve habitat for wildlife.
Which predator causes the greatest losses to sheep ranchers in the western United States?a. Golden eagleb. Mountain lionc. Black beard. Bobcate. Coyote
Since passage of the Wild Horse and Burro Act of 1971 both wild horses and burros have:a. Shown large declines on most rangesb. Shown large increases on most rangesc. Shown no change in numbers on
Spring grazing of cattle on mule deer range has been an effective tool toa. Increase forbs for mule deerb. Increase grass for mule deerc. Increase browse for mule deer
Based on research, what degree of grazing results in the lowest numbers of grasshoppers?a. Lightb. Moderatec. Heavyd. There would be no difference
Sheep grazing often causes what vegetation component to increase?a. Grassesb. Forbsc. Treesd. Shrubs
Define the followings:1. Ranching2. Heterosis3. Conservation stocking4. Alkaloid5. Part-year confinement
What are the five basic management practices that can be used to improve livestock foraging efficiency on rangelands?
Why is it so important that ranchers avoid complete liquidation of their livestock during drought years?
What are some management practices ranchers can use to reduce losses from poisonous plants?
What are some advantages of common use grazing?
What are some ways ranchers can better manage risk associated with drought?
Animal digestive and detoxification abilities:a. Are heritable characteristicsb. Can be improved by use of pharmaceutical products to aid digestionc. Vary among individual animalsd. None of the
Which age group of animals can cope and adapt more readily to different rangeland landscaptes?a. Young animalsb. Adult animalsc. There is no difference among agesd. Research is not available on this
Locoweed poisoning occurs mostly in what time of year on shortgrass ranges in Colorado and New Mexico?a. Winterb. Springc. Summerd. Autumn
Annual livestock losses from poisonous plants on western rangelands have averaged?a. 15 - 20% per yearb. 7 - 10% per yearc. 2 - 5% per yeard. less than 1% per year
How much water will a cow drink per day?a. 1 gallonb. 10 gallonsc. 6 gallonsd. 4 gallonse. 2 gallonsf. 15 gallons
Define the followings:1. Multiple use2. Hydrologic cycle3. Geologic erosion4. Waterspreading5. Coordinated resource management planning
What are some basic range management principles that can be used in controlling recreation on public lands?
What are some problems associated with ranching on the urban interface?
What are some range management practices that can be applied to benefit trout?
Discuss how short-duration grazing has affected sediment production and water infiltration on rangelands.
Explain what accelerated erosion means?
Generally the public in the United States:a. Has a poor understanding of range management practices.b. Has a good understanding of range management practices.c. Information is unavailable on public
Generally as tree cover increases forage for livestock and wildlife:a. Increasesb. Decreasesc. Is not much affected
Livestock grazing usually:a. Adversely impacts desirable fish such as trout.b. Positively impacts desirable fish such as trout.c. Has had little impact on desirable fish such as trout.
Which is a true statement?a. Plant cover has less influence on erosion in arid compared to humid areas.b. Moderate and light grazing rates have similar infiltration rates.c. Ungrazed areas usually
What is the primary factor determining the amount of erosion on rangeland soils?a. Soil textureb. Soil structurec. Plant coverd. Soil depthe. Degree of soil compaction
Define the followings:1. Protein2. Lignin3. Compensatory gain4. Cellulose5. Coprophagy
Under what kind of forage conditions would pronghorn have a competitive advantage over domestic sheep?
Under what kind of range forage conditions would horses have comparative nutritional advantages over cattle?
Discuss the nutritional characteristics of ruminants?
What are the four most limiting nutrients to range livestock production? Which one cannot be stored?
What four animal physiological/morphological factors influence forage selection by large grazing animals?
Energy supplements to livestock are best provided how often?a. Dailyb. Every other dayc. Every three daysd. It doesn't mattere. It hasn't been studied
Which nutrient is most likely to limit livestock production on Chihuahuan desert grassland ranges during the dormancy and drought?a. Carbon (energy)b. Proteinc. Silicond. Vitamin De. Sodium (salt)f.
Which nutrient would be most likely to be deficient in lush growing grasses?a. Proteinb. Phosphorusc. Sodiumd. Vitamin Ae. Silicone
Ruminants can lose up to what percentage of their body weight when in good condition without adverse effects?a. 30%b. 18%c. 3%d. 5%e. 10%
Which nutrient cannot be stored by the animal?a. Energyb. Proteinc. Phosphorusd. Vitamin Ae. All of the above
Cellulose is:a. Digestible part of the cell contentsb. Undigestible part of the cell wallc. Part of the cell wall that can only be broken down by protozoa and bacteriad. Part of the protein with the
Which animal consumes the highest amount of forage as a percent of body weight?a. Bisonb. Elkc. Horsed. Domestic sheepe. White-tailed deer
Ruminants require what minimum level of diet crude protein for maintenance of weight?a. 2-4%b. 6-7%c. 4-6%d. 8 - 9%e. 9 -11%
Define the followings:1. Wolf plants2. Patch grazing
A 2½ mile spacing of watering points on a 40,000-acre ranch would result in approximately how many acres per watering point?
What are three uses for fences in range management?
Why are sheep better suited to rugged terrain than cattle?
What are some disadvantages of excessive amounts offence and/or watering points on a ranch?
What are some methods to improve livestock distribution on rangelands?
What are some factors causing poor livestock distribution on rangelands?
How has trailing a 1 mile distance between feed and water affected cattle performance?a. It has had no effectb. It has improved their performancec. It has reduced their performance
How many pounds of salt should be allocated per cow per year?a. 48 lbsb. 36 lbsc. 24 lbsd. 12 lbse. 6 lbs

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