Questions and Answers of Range Management Principles

How much water will a cow drink per day?a. 1 gallonb. 10 gallonsc. 6 gallonsd. 4 gallonse. 2 gallonsf. 15 gallons
Define the followings:1. Multiple use2. Hydrologic cycle3. Geologic erosion4. Waterspreading5. Coordinated resource management planning
What are some basic range management principles that can be used in controlling recreation on public lands?
What are some problems associated with ranching on the urban interface?
What are some range management practices that can be applied to benefit trout?
Discuss how short-duration grazing has affected sediment production and water infiltration on rangelands.
Explain what accelerated erosion means?
Generally the public in the United States:a. Has a poor understanding of range management practices.b. Has a good understanding of range management practices.c. Information is unavailable on public
Generally as tree cover increases forage for livestock and wildlife:a. Increasesb. Decreasesc. Is not much affected
Livestock grazing usually:a. Adversely impacts desirable fish such as trout.b. Positively impacts desirable fish such as trout.c. Has had little impact on desirable fish such as trout.
Which is a true statement?a. Plant cover has less influence on erosion in arid compared to humid areas.b. Moderate and light grazing rates have similar infiltration rates.c. Ungrazed areas usually
What is the primary factor determining the amount of erosion on rangeland soils?a. Soil textureb. Soil structurec. Plant coverd. Soil depthe. Degree of soil compaction
Define the followings:1. Protein2. Lignin3. Compensatory gain4. Cellulose5. Coprophagy
Under what kind of forage conditions would pronghorn have a competitive advantage over domestic sheep?
Under what kind of range forage conditions would horses have comparative nutritional advantages over cattle?
Discuss the nutritional characteristics of ruminants?
What are the four most limiting nutrients to range livestock production? Which one cannot be stored?
What four animal physiological/morphological factors influence forage selection by large grazing animals?
Energy supplements to livestock are best provided how often?a. Dailyb. Every other dayc. Every three daysd. It doesn't mattere. It hasn't been studied
Which nutrient is most likely to limit livestock production on Chihuahuan desert grassland ranges during the dormancy and drought?a. Carbon (energy)b. Proteinc. Silicond. Vitamin De. Sodium (salt)f.
Which nutrient would be most likely to be deficient in lush growing grasses?a. Proteinb. Phosphorusc. Sodiumd. Vitamin Ae. Silicone
Ruminants can lose up to what percentage of their body weight when in good condition without adverse effects?a. 30%b. 18%c. 3%d. 5%e. 10%
Which nutrient cannot be stored by the animal?a. Energyb. Proteinc. Phosphorusd. Vitamin Ae. All of the above
Cellulose is:a. Digestible part of the cell contentsb. Undigestible part of the cell wallc. Part of the cell wall that can only be broken down by protozoa and bacteriad. Part of the protein with the
Which animal consumes the highest amount of forage as a percent of body weight?a. Bisonb. Elkc. Horsed. Domestic sheepe. White-tailed deer
Ruminants require what minimum level of diet crude protein for maintenance of weight?a. 2-4%b. 6-7%c. 4-6%d. 8 - 9%e. 9 -11%
Define the followings:1. Wolf plants2. Patch grazing
A 2½ mile spacing of watering points on a 40,000-acre ranch would result in approximately how many acres per watering point?
What are three uses for fences in range management?
Why are sheep better suited to rugged terrain than cattle?
What are some disadvantages of excessive amounts offence and/or watering points on a ranch?
What are some methods to improve livestock distribution on rangelands?
What are some factors causing poor livestock distribution on rangelands?
How has trailing a 1 mile distance between feed and water affected cattle performance?a. It has had no effectb. It has improved their performancec. It has reduced their performance
How many pounds of salt should be allocated per cow per year?a. 48 lbsb. 36 lbsc. 24 lbsd. 12 lbse. 6 lbs
Which animal is best suited for rangelands dominated by tall, coarse grasses?a. goatb. sheepc. cattle
Sheep use drops off markedly when slopes exceed what level?a. 60%b. 45%c. 35%d. 25%e. 10%
What distance between watering points is recommended for most rangelands based on available research?a. 5 milesb. 4 milesc. 3 milesd. 2 milese. 1 mile
Define the followings:1. Deferment2. Rest3. Rotation4. Best pasture system5. Short duration grazing
How can replacing cattle with sheep sometimes be effective in improving riparian zones?
Under what conditions are specialized grazing systems most useful?
Explain how the Merrill system works and identify where it is best suited?
Discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of short-duration grazing?
Under what ecological conditions has continuous grazing worked best?
Which grazing system gives sacrifice areas the most opportunity torecover?a. Rest-rotationb. Best-pasturec. Continuousd. Deferred rotation
Which grazing system has worked best on mountainous coniferous forestrangelands?a. Merrill 3 Herd/4 Pastureb. Continuousc. Best pastured. High intensity/Low-frequencye. Deferred rotation
Seasonal suitability grazing works best under what conditions?a. California annual grasslandsb. Where forage resources on a ranch are diversec. On flat desert areas where little diversity exists in
Best pasture grazing is best suited to:a. California annual rangesb. South Texas rangesc. Desert ranges in southern New Mexicod. Shortgrass prairie forest rangese. Mountainous, coniferous ranges
Which grazing system has consistently give the highest livestockperformance?a. Rest-rotationb. Continuousc. Short-durationd. High-intensity/low-frequencye. Deferred-rotation
1. Stocking rate2. Grazing capacity3. Key species4. Key area5. Flexible stocking
Under what conditions would conservative stocking be an effective tool to increase forage production?
What degree of adjustment in grazing capacity should be made for areas 1-2 miles from water?
Why can the prairie ranges of the Great Plains sustain higher grazing intensities than the desert ranges of the western United States?
Why is maintaining residue so important in range management?
What are 4 four consequences of heavy grazing on range livestock production?
What has generally been the impact of heavy grazing compared to moderate grazing on net financial returns from range livestock production?a. There has been no differenceb. Returns have been higher
How much dry matter do ruminant animals consume per day as percentage of body weight on most rangelands?a. 5%b. 4%c. 3%d. 2%e. 1%
What degree of forage use is recommended for desert rangelands?a. 70%b. 55%c. 45%d. 35%e. 20%
Under proper or moderate grazing about what percentage of good and fair forage plants would show use?a. 80%b. 65%c. 50%d. 35%e. 20%
Which has been more important in terms of impact on rangeland vegetation and financial returns from livestock production?a. Stocking rate has been more important than grazing systemb. Grazing system
Define the followings:1. Range condition2. Range site3. Decreaser4. Utilization5. Range trend
How can exclosures be used in interpreting rangeland trend data?
What are some of the problems associated with the Dyksterhuis method of determining range condition?
What are the four types of grazing surveys?
What three vegetational attributes are commonly evaluated in rangeland inventory and monitoring?
What is the purpose of a range inventory?
Generally key sites should be located what distance from water?a. 3 milesb. 2 milesc. 0.75 - 1 miled. 0.25 - 0.50 milee. Less than 0.25 miles
Using the Dyksterhuis quantitative climax approach to range condition a score of 60 would correspond to what seral stage?a. Climaxb. Late seralc. Mid serald. Early seral
Stubble height measurements in grazing surveys primarily reflect which one?a. Grazing capacityb. Grazing intensityc. Ecological conditiond. Vegetation trend
What has been the major problem in determining grazing capacity on rangelands?a. Lack of good information on how much livestock eatb. Lack of knowledge on how much use range plants can withstandc.
Which vegetational attribute provides the best measure of forage available for grazing by livestock?a. Density of plantsb. Cover of plantsc. Plant biomassd. Frequency of plant occurrence
Define the followings:1. Secondary succession2. Retrogression3. Climax vegetation4. Ecology5. Allelopathy6. State-and-transition model
What are some of the factors that should be considered in interpreting the affects of livestock grazing on rangeland vegetation composition?
Discuss some of the impacts of fire on rangeland vegetation?
What are some of the mechanisms that explain the increase in woody plants in the southwestern United States?
What are some of the exceptions to the conventional Clements/ Dyksterhuis successional model when overgrazing problems are corrected?
What are some of the processes of primary succession?
Which factor has been considered to be most important in causing shifts from grassland to shrubland in the southwestern United States?a. Excessive fireb. Climatic changec. Increases in grasshoppersd.
What successional (seral) stage will best meet the nutritional needs of livestock and habitat needs of wildlife on most rangelands (particularly grasslands)?a. Early seralb. Mid seralc. Late serald.
Which range type will improve most rapidly when grazing pressure is reduced?a. Cold desertb. Chihuahuan desertc. Tall grassd. Piñyon-junipere. Mojave desert
Plant succession refers to:a. Chemical inhibition of a plant or group of plants by a specific plant speciesb. Different plant species make peak moisture and nutrient demands at different times during
Which of the following provide the best example of a primary producer?a. Cowb. Maggotc. Coyoted. Grass plante. Man
Define the followings:1. Photosynthesis2. Stolon3. Phytomer4. "r" selected species5. Nonstructural carbohydrates
Why must plants store carbohydrates?
During what period in their annual cycle are perennial grass plants most vulnerable to heavy defoliation?
Why can't all the material be removed from forage plants by grazing during dormancy?
Why do unpalatable plants replace palatable plants under heavy grazing?
Reduced vegetation cover from heavy grazinga. Increases water infiltration into soilb. Reduces overland flow of water over soilc. Increases loss of soil particlesd. Has no real effect on rangeland
Plants obtain carbon for the photosynthetic process from:a. Sunb. Airc. Soild. Animal wastee. Rain water
Which of the following is an effect of heavy grazing on grass plants?a. Decreased photosynthesisb. Increased carbohydrate reservesc. Increased root growthd. Increased seed productione. All are the
Which grazing factor has the most effect on how range plants will respond to grazing?a. Intensityb. Frequencyc. Timingd. Grazing of surrounding plants
Defoliation generally has the least severe effect on a grass plant in which period?a. During dormancyb. There is no most critical periodc. In the period from seed formation to dormancyd. In the
Define the followings:1. Savanna woodland2. Grass3. Forest climate4. Tundra5. Desert shrublands
Why is the southern mixed prairie so well suited to common use grazing?
Why does sagebrush usually return to sagebrush grass areas after brush control?
Why is the shortgrass prairie so well suited to livestock production?
Which of the 5 deserts in the United States is most suited for livestock production and why?
Discuss the climate and soils characteristics associated with grasslands.
This range type is well suited for cattle production and is considered to be one of the best places in the world to grow com.a. Palouse prairieb. California annual grasslandc. Northern mixed
This range type was the center of the "dust bowl" in the 1930s.a. Palouse prairieb. Southern pine forestc. Shortgrassd. Chihuahuan deserte. Mojave desert

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