Range Management Principles and Practices 6th edition Jerry L. Holechek, Rex D. Pieper, Carlton H. Herbel - Solutions

How can cattle grazing be used to improve elk winter range?
How can fences improve habitat for songbirds?
Discuss some of the ways that controlled livestock grazing can improve habitat for wildlife.
Which predator causes the greatest losses to sheep ranchers in the western United States?a. Golden eagleb. Mountain lionc. Black beard. Bobcate. Coyote
Since passage of the Wild Horse and Burro Act of 1971 both wild horses and burros have:a. Shown large declines on most rangesb. Shown large increases on most rangesc. Shown no change in numbers on most ranges
Spring grazing of cattle on mule deer range has been an effective tool toa. Increase forbs for mule deerb. Increase grass for mule deerc. Increase browse for mule deer
Based on research, what degree of grazing results in the lowest numbers of grasshoppers?a. Lightb. Moderatec. Heavyd. There would be no difference
Sheep grazing often causes what vegetation component to increase?a. Grassesb. Forbsc. Treesd. Shrubs
Define the followings:1. Ranching2. Heterosis3. Conservation stocking4. Alkaloid5. Part-year confinement
What are the five basic management practices that can be used to improve livestock foraging efficiency on rangelands?
Why is it so important that ranchers avoid complete liquidation of their livestock during drought years?
What are some management practices ranchers can use to reduce losses from poisonous plants?
What are some advantages of common use grazing?
What are some ways ranchers can better manage risk associated with drought?
Animal digestive and detoxification abilities:a. Are heritable characteristicsb. Can be improved by use of pharmaceutical products to aid digestionc. Vary among individual animalsd. None of the abovee. All of the above
Which age group of animals can cope and adapt more readily to different rangeland landscaptes?a. Young animalsb. Adult animalsc. There is no difference among agesd. Research is not available on this subject
Locoweed poisoning occurs mostly in what time of year on shortgrass ranges in Colorado and New Mexico?a. Winterb. Springc. Summerd. Autumn
Annual livestock losses from poisonous plants on western rangelands have averaged?a. 15 - 20% per yearb. 7 - 10% per yearc. 2 - 5% per yeard. less than 1% per year
How much water will a cow drink per day?a. 1 gallonb. 10 gallonsc. 6 gallonsd. 4 gallonse. 2 gallonsf. 15 gallons
Define the followings:1. Multiple use2. Hydrologic cycle3. Geologic erosion4. Waterspreading5. Coordinated resource management planning
What are some basic range management principles that can be used in controlling recreation on public lands?
What are some problems associated with ranching on the urban interface?
What are some range management practices that can be applied to benefit trout?
Discuss how short-duration grazing has affected sediment production and water infiltration on rangelands.
Explain what accelerated erosion means?
Generally the public in the United States:a. Has a poor understanding of range management practices.b. Has a good understanding of range management practices.c. Information is unavailable on public knowledge of range management practices.
Generally as tree cover increases forage for livestock and wildlife:a. Increasesb. Decreasesc. Is not much affected
Livestock grazing usually:a. Adversely impacts desirable fish such as trout.b. Positively impacts desirable fish such as trout.c. Has had little impact on desirable fish such as trout.
Which is a true statement?a. Plant cover has less influence on erosion in arid compared to humid areas.b. Moderate and light grazing rates have similar infiltration rates.c. Ungrazed areas usually have lower infiltration rates than grazed areasd. Heavy and moderate grazing rates result in similar
What is the primary factor determining the amount of erosion on rangeland soils?a. Soil textureb. Soil structurec. Plant coverd. Soil depthe. Degree of soil compaction
Define the followings:1. Protein2. Lignin3. Compensatory gain4. Cellulose5. Coprophagy
Under what kind of forage conditions would pronghorn have a competitive advantage over domestic sheep?
Under what kind of range forage conditions would horses have comparative nutritional advantages over cattle?
Discuss the nutritional characteristics of ruminants?
What are the four most limiting nutrients to range livestock production? Which one cannot be stored?
What four animal physiological/morphological factors influence forage selection by large grazing animals?
Energy supplements to livestock are best provided how often?a. Dailyb. Every other dayc. Every three daysd. It doesn't mattere. It hasn't been studied
Which nutrient is most likely to limit livestock production on Chihuahuan desert grassland ranges during the dormancy and drought?a. Carbon (energy)b. Proteinc. Silicond. Vitamin De. Sodium (salt)f. Calcium
Which nutrient would be most likely to be deficient in lush growing grasses?a. Proteinb. Phosphorusc. Sodiumd. Vitamin Ae. Silicone
Ruminants can lose up to what percentage of their body weight when in good condition without adverse effects?a. 30%b. 18%c. 3%d. 5%e. 10%
Which nutrient cannot be stored by the animal?a. Energyb. Proteinc. Phosphorusd. Vitamin Ae. All of the above
Cellulose is:a. Digestible part of the cell contentsb. Undigestible part of the cell wallc. Part of the cell wall that can only be broken down by protozoa and bacteriad. Part of the protein with the highest nutritive valuee. The digestible part of the lignin
Which animal consumes the highest amount of forage as a percent of body weight?a. Bisonb. Elkc. Horsed. Domestic sheepe. White-tailed deer
Ruminants require what minimum level of diet crude protein for maintenance of weight?a. 2-4%b. 6-7%c. 4-6%d. 8 - 9%e. 9 -11%
Define the followings:1. Wolf plants2. Patch grazing
A 2½ mile spacing of watering points on a 40,000-acre ranch would result in approximately how many acres per watering point?
What are three uses for fences in range management?
Why are sheep better suited to rugged terrain than cattle?
What are some disadvantages of excessive amounts offence and/or watering points on a ranch?
What are some methods to improve livestock distribution on rangelands?
What are some factors causing poor livestock distribution on rangelands?
How has trailing a 1 mile distance between feed and water affected cattle performance?a. It has had no effectb. It has improved their performancec. It has reduced their performance
How many pounds of salt should be allocated per cow per year?a. 48 lbsb. 36 lbsc. 24 lbsd. 12 lbse. 6 lbs
Which animal is best suited for rangelands dominated by tall, coarse grasses?a. goatb. sheepc. cattle
Sheep use drops off markedly when slopes exceed what level?a. 60%b. 45%c. 35%d. 25%e. 10%
What distance between watering points is recommended for most rangelands based on available research?a. 5 milesb. 4 milesc. 3 milesd. 2 milese. 1 mile
Define the followings:1. Deferment2. Rest3. Rotation4. Best pasture system5. Short duration grazing
How can replacing cattle with sheep sometimes be effective in improving riparian zones?
Under what conditions are specialized grazing systems most useful?
Explain how the Merrill system works and identify where it is best suited?
Discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of short-duration grazing?
Under what ecological conditions has continuous grazing worked best?
Which grazing system gives sacrifice areas the most opportunity torecover?a. Rest-rotationb. Best-pasturec. Continuousd. Deferred rotation
Which grazing system has worked best on mountainous coniferous forestrangelands?a. Merrill 3 Herd/4 Pastureb. Continuousc. Best pastured. High intensity/Low-frequencye. Deferred rotation
Seasonal suitability grazing works best under what conditions?a. California annual grasslandsb. Where forage resources on a ranch are diversec. On flat desert areas where little diversity exists in forage resourced. On shortgrass prairie ranges heavily dominated by blue grama
Best pasture grazing is best suited to:a. California annual rangesb. South Texas rangesc. Desert ranges in southern New Mexicod. Shortgrass prairie forest rangese. Mountainous, coniferous ranges
Which grazing system has consistently give the highest livestockperformance?a. Rest-rotationb. Continuousc. Short-durationd. High-intensity/low-frequencye. Deferred-rotation
1. Stocking rate2. Grazing capacity3. Key species4. Key area5. Flexible stocking
Under what conditions would conservative stocking be an effective tool to increase forage production?
What degree of adjustment in grazing capacity should be made for areas 1-2 miles from water?
Why can the prairie ranges of the Great Plains sustain higher grazing intensities than the desert ranges of the western United States?
Why is maintaining residue so important in range management?
What are 4 four consequences of heavy grazing on range livestock production?
What has generally been the impact of heavy grazing compared to moderate grazing on net financial returns from range livestock production?a. There has been no differenceb. Returns have been higher from moderate grazingc. Returns have been higher from heavy grazing
How much dry matter do ruminant animals consume per day as percentage of body weight on most rangelands?a. 5%b. 4%c. 3%d. 2%e. 1%
What degree of forage use is recommended for desert rangelands?a. 70%b. 55%c. 45%d. 35%e. 20%
Under proper or moderate grazing about what percentage of good and fair forage plants would show use?a. 80%b. 65%c. 50%d. 35%e. 20%
Which has been more important in terms of impact on rangeland vegetation and financial returns from livestock production?a. Stocking rate has been more important than grazing systemb. Grazing system has been more important than stocking ratec. Stocking rate and grazing system have had equal impacts
Define the followings:1. Range condition2. Range site3. Decreaser4. Utilization5. Range trend
How can exclosures be used in interpreting rangeland trend data?
What are some of the problems associated with the Dyksterhuis method of determining range condition?
What are the four types of grazing surveys?
What three vegetational attributes are commonly evaluated in rangeland inventory and monitoring?
What is the purpose of a range inventory?
Generally key sites should be located what distance from water?a. 3 milesb. 2 milesc. 0.75 - 1 miled. 0.25 - 0.50 milee. Less than 0.25 miles
Using the Dyksterhuis quantitative climax approach to range condition a score of 60 would correspond to what seral stage?a. Climaxb. Late seralc. Mid serald. Early seral
Stubble height measurements in grazing surveys primarily reflect which one?a. Grazing capacityb. Grazing intensityc. Ecological conditiond. Vegetation trend
What has been the major problem in determining grazing capacity on rangelands?a. Lack of good information on how much livestock eatb. Lack of knowledge on how much use range plants can withstandc. Lack of methods to determine grazing capacityd. Variation in precipitation over years
Which vegetational attribute provides the best measure of forage available for grazing by livestock?a. Density of plantsb. Cover of plantsc. Plant biomassd. Frequency of plant occurrence
Define the followings:1. Secondary succession2. Retrogression3. Climax vegetation4. Ecology5. Allelopathy6. State-and-transition model
What are some of the factors that should be considered in interpreting the affects of livestock grazing on rangeland vegetation composition?
Discuss some of the impacts of fire on rangeland vegetation?
What are some of the mechanisms that explain the increase in woody plants in the southwestern United States?
What are some of the exceptions to the conventional Clements/ Dyksterhuis successional model when overgrazing problems are corrected?
What are some of the processes of primary succession?
Which factor has been considered to be most important in causing shifts from grassland to shrubland in the southwestern United States?a. Excessive fireb. Climatic changec. Increases in grasshoppersd. Increases in rabbits and rodentse. Destruction of the bison
What successional (seral) stage will best meet the nutritional needs of livestock and habitat needs of wildlife on most rangelands (particularly grasslands)?a. Early seralb. Mid seralc. Late serald. Climax
Which range type will improve most rapidly when grazing pressure is reduced?a. Cold desertb. Chihuahuan desertc. Tall grassd. Piñyon-junipere. Mojave desert
Plant succession refers to:a. Chemical inhibition of a plant or group of plants by a specific plant speciesb. Different plant species make peak moisture and nutrient demands at different times during the growing seasonc. Replacement of one plant community by anotherd. The development of layers of
Which of the following provide the best example of a primary producer?a. Cowb. Maggotc. Coyoted. Grass plante. Man

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Range Management Principles and Practices 6th edition Jerry L. Holechek, Rex D. Pieper, Carlton H. Herbel - Solutions

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