Waste Management Practices 2nd Edition John Pichtel - Solutions

List the advantages of clay liner materials as compared with synthetics. What are the relative disadvantages of using clay?
What is an advantage of HDPE liners over PVC and other polymers? Are there any significant disadvantages with the use of HDPE?
Discuss three tests commonly used for assessing the integrity of a synthetic landfill liner material.
If a synthetic liner is perfectly sealed and without holes or other disturbances, molecular diffusion will allow some of the organics from the liquids ponded on top of the liner to leach through. True or false?
Is chemical compatibility with wastes of equal concern regarding installation of geomembrane caps and geomembrane liners? Explain.
What are the major purposes of layered landfill caps? How do they function?
What is the significance of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) in assessing soils for landfill liners, caps, and as a soil base? How is Ks influenced by soil texture? By engineering practices (e.g., compaction)? What is the RCRA limit for liner Ks?
Geomembrane installation practices significantly influence potential leachate losses from a landfill. List and discuss those factors that must be considered for successful geomembrane design and installation.
Discuss the five major classes of waste injection wells. What are the primary types of wastes acceptable in each?
Discuss the UIC program. What is its overall scope and purpose?
Under what conditions (and in what class[es] of wells) are dioxin-containing wastes permitted for injection?
What is the overall rationale for the Universal Waste Rule? What are the advantages to waste generators in complying with this rule rather than with RCRA subtitle C?
What types of facilities must comply with the Universal Waste Rule?
Are universal waste handlers and universal waste transporters required to comply with 40 CFR 264 and 265 regulations? What types of operations are exempted from the regulations?
List and describe the different classes of universal wastes. In your opinion, are other waste types appropriate for classification as universal waste? Would personal computers fit well in this category? Give reasons.
How do large- and small quantity handlers of universal waste differ from large and small quantity generators of hazardous waste in terms of weight limitations, notification requirements, and storage requirements? Which of these categories of handler or generator requires an EPA identification
How long can a facility accumulate a universal waste? How does this differ from small and large quantity generators of hazardous waste?
When are batteries considered a universal waste and what are their handling requirements?
If a large quantity handler removes electrolyte from automotive batteries, are there any requirements to determine hazardous waste characteristics? Discuss.
How do tracking requirements differ for large quantity handlers of universal wastes compared with large quantity generators of hazardous waste? Is a manifest system required for the former? Explain.
How are mixtures of universal waste and hazardous waste regulated?
If a company has several locations at which universal waste is generated, how should each location be managed in a regulatory sense, that is, is each considered a separate handler?
If a small quantity handler of universal waste generates 6250 kg of universal waste in one month in a year, does the handler’s classification change?
According to the Universal Waste Rule, if a transporter stores universal waste for more than 10 days, what will the transporter be classified as?
If an authorized state adds a waste to its universal waste category, would this designation be applicable in other states?
Because a manifest is not required for compliance with the Universal Waste Rule, how will handlers know when their universal waste finally arrives at an appropriate destination facility?
A handler who transports universal waste is considered a universal waste transporter. Does this rule apply for any quantity of universal waste?
To what aspects of used oil handling (e.g., generator requirements, transportation) do the Used Oil Management Standards (40 CFR part 279) apply? Be specific.
Discuss the general chemical composition of used oil in terms of the presence of aliphatics, aromatics, PAHs, metals, and so on. How has the oil chemically changed compared with fresh oil?
Although used oil cannot be used as a weed killer on fencerows, can it be utilized to burn brush and other unwanted vegetation? Check 40 CFR part 279.
Based on the used oil regulations, is it acceptable for a DIY oil changer to place used oil in the trash?
Is it permissible for farmers to immerse pigs or cattle in used oil in order to remove lice and mites? Check 40 CFR part 279.
Used oil generators are required to engage in “good housekeeping practices in handling used oil.” List and discuss some important requirements.
At least three bodies of federal regulations govern some aspect of used oil management.List them. Provide the appropriate citations from the Code of Federal Regulations.
Is it required that used oil be transported to permitted recycling facilities with EPA identification numbers?
What are the inspection requirements for used oil storage tanks?
What are the storage and secondary containment requirements for used oil storage tanks?
In what ways are the requirements for used oil processors and re-refiners similar to those for TSDFs as managed under RCRA subtitle C?
Discuss the most common used oil recycling methods approved by the Used Oil Management Standards. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
How does on-specification used oil differ from off-specification used oil in terms of composition?Where can off-specification used oil be burned for energy recovery? What is the rationale for the use of these systems?
The ash from used oil-burning space heaters must be removed and disposed properly. Prior to disposal, is the generator responsible for any special management of the ash?
Under what condition(s) must used oil be disposed as a subtitle C hazardous waste?
What is an approved procedure for rendering used oil filters acceptable for disposal? Can drained and crushed oil filters be disposed in a subtitle D landfill?
Where in your community can you bring used oil for recycling? How is the oil managed(how is it stored, where is it shipped for processing, etc.)? Can used oil filters be brought to this facility?
Trace the chronology of the Used Oil Management Standards. How did the waste classification for used oil evolve?
List the primary institutions generating medical waste in the United States. In which specific institution is the majority produced?
What is the status of the Medical Waste Tracking Act?
How is incineration of medical waste regulated?
List and discuss the alternatives to incineration for treating and disposing of medical waste.
Which federal agencies other than EPA regulate potentially infectious medical waste?
What regulations exist regarding land disposal of medical waste?
What is the difference between infectious waste and medical waste?
Teeth are considered infectious waste. Under federal regulations, is it permissible to bring an extracted tooth home from the dentist?
The Robust Health Care Company generates very little infectious waste (less than 20 kg, or about 50 lb/month). How are they required to manage these wastes?
What exemptions exist to the definition of regulated medical waste?
What are the container requirements for RMW? How are sharps to be containerized?
What are the requirements regarding tracking of medical waste shipments? How are nonreturned forms to be addressed?
What specific microorganisms are employed to test the efficiency of sterilization by autoclaving?Describe the procedure.
What federal regulations exist for management of C&D debris?
What C&D materials are most frequently recovered from C&D sites? Of these, which has the highest rate of recycling?
Are land clearing debris such as stumps, rocks, and soil included in state definitions of C&D debris? Check the U.S. EPA website, http://www.epa.gov/region09/waste/solid/c&d.html, for California’s and Hawaii’s definitions of C&D debris.
Will it cost a typical contractor more to recycle or to reuse C&D debris? Discuss.
How do U.S. states regulate C&D debris? Are state programs relatively consistent?Check the U.S. EPA website, http://www.epa.gov/region09/waste/solid/c&d.html for state regulations from Arizona, California, Hawaii, and Nevada.
In your community, find out how C&D debris is managed. Is it typically landfilled or recycled? Who is in charge of managing and transporting C&D debris: private haulers or the municipality?
How does gypsum, CaSO4, affect soil physical and chemical properties? Is it a noxious compound or does it benefit soil?
How is CCA-treated wood managed under RCRA? Is it to be handled as a hazardous waste?
Are there any hazards associated with burning CCA-treated wood?
How are old asphalt shingles recycled? What are common uses for recycled shingles?
What federal agencies regulate asbestos-containing shingles? What are the minimum asbestos contents to be eligible for regulation?
Describe deconstruction. If an academic building on your campus were to be deconstructed, what would the primary recovered materials be? Consider plumbing, wiring, and interior woodwork, external facades, and so on, in addition to components such as stone, steel girders, and metallic doors.
Is deconstruction worth the effort? List the potential benefits of deconstruction.
What are the trends in generation of e-waste in the United States over the past two decades?How are the majority of e-wastes managed (landfill, stockpile, reuse, etc.)? Does the current recycling rate for these products correspond with generation rate?
What is the contribution of consumer electronic products to the lead (Pb) input to sanitary landfills? What is the contribution to Cd input and Mercury input?
How does a mainframe computer differ from a typical desktop PC in terms of recyclability?How does a laptop differ from a desktop in this respect?
The Pb in CRT funnel and face plate glass occurs as PbO and is considered stable and immobile.Under what conditions, therefore, is the lead in computer CRTs considered hazardous?
Where do mercury, chromium, and Cd occur in a personal computer? List specific components.
What are the health effects that may be associated with PVC and brominated flame retardants in computers?
How does desktop computer plastic differ in terms of recyclability with plastic from a nonfood container (e.g., HDPE or PVC)? You may wish to refer to Chapter 6 (Recycling).
What is the benefit in promulgating a separate rule for CRT recycling rather than simply relying on the Universal Waste Rule?
How are computer circuit boards managed under RCRA?
How would you expect generation of e-waste to change over the next decade? What components may disappear from the waste stream? What new products may begin to appear in large quantities?
In your opinion, are current federal and state regulations that address e-waste management and recycling adequate to ensure environmental quality over the long term? Should there be mandatory federal and state recycling of personal computers, laptops, and cellular telephones?
List all the major electronic appliances and devices in your home. How long have you owned each? What is the expected lifetime of each? Which do you feel can be safely disposed in the trash when their usable lifetime is complete? Which should be recycled or shipped for special disposal?
In your community, how are e-wastes handled? Is there a community drop-off center or an annual special waste disposal event? Is public education adequate so that local citizens are informed about e-waste? If there is a local collection program, check with the local waste authority as to where these
Contact your university inventory agent and inquire as to how old or obsolete desktop PCs and laptops are managed. How many are replaced each year? Are the obsolete computers made available for public purchase, or are they donated or recycled? If recycled, discuss where they are sent and how they
What are the major cost considerations for a community considering establishment of an e-waste recycling program? Which steps are likely to be most costly?
List possible hazards to workers involved in demanufacture of PCs, television sets, and similar equipment.
List some of the practical difficulties in recycling electronic waste.
A fire has occurred in an office that houses several dozen desktop and laptop PCs, telephones, a photocopy machine, a DVD player, and a flat screen television monitor. List possible hazards to persons entering the office during and immediately following the fire.You may want to check Materials
Locate sources on the Internet that describe the manufacture of personal computers. What wastes may be generated during the manufacture of PC circuit boards and plastic monitor housing?
The Love Canal (Niagara Falls, NY) disaster was considered by some public health officials, and environmental regulators and scientists to be a “blessing in disguise.” Explain.
Municipal solid waste is generated within a community from several sources, not just the household. List and discuss these sources.
“Sanitary landfills and incinerators are no longer adequate to address America’s waste management concerns.” Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Discuss.
According to the U.S. EPA definition, “solid waste” includes: (a) discarded solids;(b) discarded semisolids (sludges); (c) contained gases; (d) materials from commercial, industrial, and domestic sources; or (e) all of the above.
Under the RCRA regulations, how can a solid waste become designated as a hazardous waste?
Industrial waste may or may not include hazardous waste. Explain and provide examples.
Livestock feedlot wastes are an environmental concern due to which of the following:(a) high water content of the wastes; (b) potential for eutrophication of surface water by nitrogen; (c) high pathogen content; or (d) low fertilizer value.
What is the primary purpose of the Medical Waste Tracking Act? What event(s) catalyzed this legislation?
Why was the Universal Waste Rule enacted? What are its benefits and whom does it serve?
Why is ionizing radiation a human health hazard? Explain its mode of action on living organisms.

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Waste Management Practices 2nd Edition John Pichtel - Solutions

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