Essentials Of Modeling And Analytics Retail Risk Management And Asset Protection 1st Edition David B. Speights, Daniel M. Downs, Adi Raz - Solutions

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How is the majority of mining waste disposed? Agricultural waste? Low-level radioactive waste?
How are high-level nuclear wastes to be managed and disposed in the near-future? Discuss the pitfalls, in your opinion, associated with the single repository approach of nuclear waste disposal.
MSW generation is influenced by both population size and consumer lifestyle. How do these two factors differ for the United States and a less developed country, for example, India or Mexico?
Describe the waste management hierarchy under RCRA. What is the ultimate goal of such a hierarchy?
What factors have occurred over the past 50 years to increase significantly the quantities of MSW generated in the United States?
Explain why the manufacturing of consumer products using more durable, long-lived materials had been slow to catch on by both industry and the American consumer. If you have traveled to Europe or Japan, did you notice a difference in the quality (e.g., durability)of consumer products or in the
Based on parameters such as population, economic trends, and personal lifestyles, identify the issues you feel will significantly affect waste management in the coming decade.
What is your state’s position on integrated waste management? If there is a formal program, discuss its administration and practical application, including the waste management hierarchy.
Explain how the chemical and physical properties of solid wastes have evolved over the millennia.Keep in mind the specific sources that contributed to the waste stream of the period.
What were the most common waste disposal methods of earlier societies? Approximately when did these modes of “management” change? What were the root cause(s) for the changes?
Who were the first individuals to associate improper waste disposal with adverse health effects?
What was the first civilization to create an organized waste collection workforce? The first“landfills”?
After the fall of the Roman Empire, how did waste management change? What specific factors were responsible for these changes?
Explain how an early society’s waste problems could actually compromise the security of a community.
Explain how the Industrial Revolution changed both the quantity and composition of solid wastes. How were human populations affected by the change in waste composition?
U.S. cities of the late 19th century experienced deplorable health conditions as a result of improper waste management. What were some initiatives that drastically altered urban waste management?
Discuss the efforts of George Waring on urban waste management. Were the benefits of his efforts long-lasting or only superficial and temporary?
What is the benefit of “controlled tipping” of wastes, compared with prior land disposal practices?
Discuss how landfills from 1920 to the mid-1970s were managed with regard to (a) siting,(b) day-to-day operations, (c) leachate collection and removal, (d) methane recovery, and(e) closure.
“Routine open burning of municipal wastes, in the open landfill cell, serves effectively as an expedient and cost-effective means of extending landfill lifetime.” Is this statement accurate? What practical considerations are not addressed in this statement?
In the United States, the number of MSW landfills has declined substantially in the past 40 years, despite the fact that there seems to be ample space available to construct new facilities or expand existing ones. What are the primary reasons for this decline?
Discuss the evolution of MSW incineration from 19th century Europe to the present. What factors were responsible for its decline in popularity in the early 20th century? Why have incinerators increased in appeal today?
Search local historical records and old news articles to draft a chronology of waste management in your community. What specific events catalyzed some of the more important changes? Can you locate the long covered-over disposal sites in your town or city?What is the current land use at these sites?
Identify the primary state and local regulations and agencies involved in MSW management in your city or county. Who is primarily responsible for MSW recycling—a local agency, private company, other? Waste reduction? Management of a landfill or incinerator?
Prepare a chronology of the development of MSW legislation in your state.
Discuss how the general public can become involved in the promulgation of RCRA regulations.
Explain the difference between a law, a regulation, a policy, and a guidance document.How do they differ in terms of enforcement capability?
Discuss the evolution of the waste regulatory process in the United States. Based on industry trends and public concerns, how do you think the laws and regulations may evolve in the next decade?
Define a solid waste and a hazardous waste in general terms. What materials do they include? Then refer to Volume 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Review the definitions of a solid waste (part 261.2) and a hazardous waste (part 261.3). What materials are included? What are some of the
What is the general relationship between RCRA and CERCLA? How do the two acts differ in terms of waste management?
Using the Internet, compare the regulations of three different states with regard to management of MSW. How do they differ in terms of sanitary landfill siting, landfill operation, siting of a composting facility, and recycling of electronics waste?
Compare the waste management regulations of a selected country (e.g., the Netherlands, Japan, India, Costa Rica) with those of the United States. What waste management issues and problems take greater or lesser prominence in other nations?
Since the late 1980s, many municipalities have invested substantial sums in order to obtain accurate and reliable data on local waste composition and quantities. What is the significance to a community in obtaining such data; in other words, how are the data used?
Explain the different methods for sampling MSW for a characterization study. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Consider accuracy, feasibility, and cost.
How do waste generation multipliers work? In your opinion, are they accurate predictors of waste generation?
Fluctuations in waste composition are affected by both geographic region and season of the year. Explain.
What specific attributes of MSW are the preferred indicators of its combustion capabilities?
Explain the difference between fixed carbon and volatile matter.
List three methods for determining the energy content of the organic components in MSW.Which method most accurately reflects “real-world” energy production?
What factors must be considered when evaluating MSW as a potential fuel?
Why are lignin and cellulose only slowly biodegradable? Refer to their chemical structures.
For a city seeking to better control waste management costs, a thorough assessment of waste generated from various sources is necessary. From the city’s perspective, would waste measurements by weight or by volume be the most accurate and efficient? Explain.
How does total moisture content affect overall management of MSW? Are there environmental or other implications to a high-moisture content waste stream?
Packaging makes up what percentage of the U.S. waste stream? Has this value increased, decreased, or stabilized over the past decade?
The heating value of raw MSW is (a) less than, (b) approximately equal to, or (c) higher than that for Midwest bituminous coal (approximately 12,000–14,000 Btu/lb)?
Define: heat value, putrescible.
The majority of U.S. domestic solid wastes occur as: (a) plastics, especially PVC and polyethylene;(b) metals; (c) animal manures and yard wastes; (d) paper and paper products;or (e) none of the above.
What are the primary sources of aluminum in the U.S. waste stream? Of glass? Paper?
What is (are) the primary source(s) of lead in MSW? Of mercury? Of cadmium?
In your community, are MSW quantities routinely being measured? If yes, compile data on the total population of the area being served; next, calculate the total weight of MSW collected and convert to number of kilograms (or pounds) of waste generated per person per day. Are your values affected by
For your community, are data being collected regarding waste composition? Compute the percentage distribution of each waste component in the local waste stream. How does this distribution compare with the data of Figure 4.3? What factors may account for any differences? If possible, perform
In your community, what are possible future trends (10 years, 20 years) in the generation of food wastes, yard wastes, paper, plastic, and hazardous wastes? Consider population trends, personal lifestyles, the movement of businesses in or out of the area, and urban sprawl.
MSW composition is a critical factor in formulating waste management programs.What changes in waste composition do you predict for the next 10 years in U.S. waste composition?Justify your reasoning.
Three decades ago, it was predicted that the use of personal computers would result in a“paperless society.” Although this prediction obviously did not become a reality, has computer use affected waste paper production? In what ways? Be specific.
Estimate the chemical composition of the organic fraction of the MSW sample described below. Component Wet Weight, kg Dry Weight, kg Food waste 63.2 24.5 Yard waste 95.5 29.7 Paper products 174.0 152.2 Plastics 29.7 28.2
For the waste sample in Question 23, calculate the heat content (MJ/kg) by using the modified Dulong formula.
Estimate the energy content from MSW, using the Khan equation, having the following properties: Component Paper products Corrugated cardboard Plastics Glass Metals Percent by Weight 25 15 6 8 12 15 Food waste Ash, dirt, miscellaneous Total 528 19 100
For the following waste mixture,what is the bulk density prior to compaction? Assume that the density after compaction in the landfill cell is 575 kg/m3. Estimate the volume reduction (expressed as percent) during compaction in the landfill. Component Paper products Ferrous Food waste Yard waste
Given data for the following waste sizes, calculate the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, and the weighted mean of the particle size distribution. Sieve Size, mm Particle diameter, mm 100 75 50 25 Weight of fraction, kg Number of particles 9 12 28 8 450 1200 2500 5250
The higher heating value for cellulose, C6H10O5, is 32,500 kJ/kg. Determine the lower heating value.
Calculate the percentages of each waste component for each month. What is the predominant fraction in the waste?
Determine the average values for each component over the year.
Plot the data for total paper, plastics, food waste, and yard waste, over the year. What trends do you observe?
Plot the data for Btu and ash content at each sampling date. Are any seasonal trends observed?
Finally, perform a simple regression analysis of the heat content vs. ash content data. Is there a significant correlation between the data sets? What is the correlation coefficient (r2)?
Next time you walk through a store, identify some places or areas that may benefit from situational crime prevention.
What are some of your “hot” products? Do they align with the CRAVED framework?
How does time and space play a role in loss prevention in your industry?
Provide an example of the SARA model in your line of work. Make sure to define how the problem was discovered and analyzed, how you or your team responded to the problem, and how the method’s results were assessed.
Who are shoplifters? What is a common way to classify shoplifters?
What is organized retail crime? What is a critical element needed to identify these crime rings?
Describe the roles of a booster, a handler, and a fence.
What are the sources of retail loss? What is the leading source of retail loss?
What are some of the ways employees commit theft? How might you mitigate some of these methods?
Name some of the return fraud types. How are they committed?
Imagine you are given the task of assessing the magnitude of employee theft at your company. You have 500 stores, so you take a random sample to generalize the results. You take a random sample of 30 stores and obtain the number of employee apprehensions:5, 7, 8, 14, 10, 12, 16, 21, 13, 15, 24, 23,
If 80 employees take an exam, how many will score within two standard deviations of the mean? How many employees will score more than two standard deviations from the mean?
When should you consider reporting the median instead of the mean?
Why is data standardization important? How is it useful?
What are some methods of transforming numeric variables? Why might you choose to transform a numeric variable?
Use the sample data from Table 5.1 to create a bar chart that summarizes the number of stolen products by month. Create a bar chart that summarizes the number of stolen products by loss prevention manager. Create both bar charts in Excel and SPSS.Table 5.1 Store 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 N N N 2
Use the sample data from Table 5.1 to create a frequency chart that illustrates the percentage of sales accounted for by month. Create the chart in Excel and SPSS.Table 5.1 Store 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 N N N 2 2 Sales 25,000 27,654 30,170 39,115 30,568 29,603 33,165 $ 32,211 31,886 32,540
Use the sample data from Table 5.1 to create a line chart showing the sum of stolen products by month for each of the stores.Table 5.1 Store 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 N N N 2 2 Sales 25,000 27,654 30,170 39,115 30,568 29,603 33,165 $ 32,211 31,886 32,540 33,525 $ A 40,067 30,000 32,654 34,810
When should you use a control chart?
What is inferential statistics? How is it related to the concept of a population and a sample?
Why is sampling important?
What is a parameter? What is a statistic? How are the two concepts different?
What happens to the margin of error as the sample size increases? Why?
What is a confidence interval? What does it mean to have a 95% confidence interval?
a. Write the 95% confidence interval, assuming the following values (assume normal distribution: z score):• Sample size of 100;• Sample mean of 25;• Standard deviation of 7.b. Write the 95% confidence interval, assuming the following values (assume normal distribution: z score):• Sample
You think the age of the cashier is related to employee theft. Write null and alternative hypotheses to reflect your test.
What is a p value? What is the common p value where the researcher rejects the null hypothesis?
What is Type I error? What is Type II error? How are they related?
Conduct a two-sample t test on the data (assume equal variances):a. Write the null and alternative hypotheses.b. What is the mean shrink for Store 1? For Store 2?c. What is the two-tailed p value?d. Can you reject the null hypothesis?The dataset given in Table 7.8 shows the monthly shrink rates in
Conduct a two-sample t test on the data, but assume unequal variances. How did the results change? Why?The dataset given in Table 7.8 shows the monthly shrink rates in stores 1 and 2. Use this dataset (Table 7.8) for this exercise.Table 7.8 Store 1 1.80% 1.70% 1.75% 1.66% 1.68% 1.90% 1.84% 1.85%
Conduct a paired t test using the data:a. Write the null and alternative hypotheses.b. What is the two-tailed p value?c. Can you reject the null hypothesis?The dataset given in Table 7.8 shows the monthly shrink rates in stores 1 and 2. Use this dataset (Table 7.8) for this exercise.Table 7.8 Store
Name four threats to validity.
What are confounding variables? How do they influence the experiment? What can you do to remove the impact of confounding variables?
Why is sample size important in an experiment?
What are the steps of an experiment?

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Essentials Of Modeling And Analytics Retail Risk Management And Asset Protection 1st Edition David B. Speights, Daniel M. Downs, Adi Raz - Solutions

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