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Modern Production Operations Management 8th Edition Buffa, Elwood S., Sarin, Rakesh K. - Solutions
Outline the MALB assignment rules.
How does the MALB procedure improve on solutions generated by the Ranked Positional Weight Technique?
Describe the Ranked Positional Weight Technique for line balancing. Outline the basic procedure.
How is it possible to introduce the question of appropriate job breadth into the process for designing and balancing production lines?
What is the nature of an optimal solution in a line balancing problem?
Define the term balance delay.
How is the cycle time determined that is used in line balancing problems?
Define the nature of the line balance problem.
In the decision to organize for a product focus, why is each of the following factors a condition that should be met?a. Adequate volume for reasonable equipment utilizationb. Reasonably stable product demandc. Product standardizationd. Part interchangeabilitye. Continuous supply of material
What is fixed position layout?
What type of layout is appropriate for project systems?
What is the CRAFT program? How does it function?
What is operation sequence analysis? Under what conditions would it be an appropriate methodology for analyzing the relative location of facilities prob¬lem?
Table 20-2 summarizes the types of criteria that might be used to determine the relative location of facilities in functional systems. Where would criteria other than those listed be important?
What is the relative location of facilities problem?
What disadvantages would accrue if line layout were used in a situation where functional layout was the appropriate choice?
Under what conditions would functional layout be appropriate?
Define the terms functional layout and line layout.
Read the following except from an article with these questions in mind:a. Is there a rational explanation for the situation described in the article?Should the system be redesigned to broaden jobs? Why? If you were a consultant to the owner—manager of the enterprise described, what would you
The following situation is drawn from an article by G. Woolsey.8 A Canadian manufacturer of heavy equipment had installed an automated warehouse as a base for the worldwide supply of spare parts for their equip¬ment. The automated system involved filling orders for spare parts that would
The following is a situation that occurred in the Hovey and Beard Company, as reported by J. V. Clark.?
Describe the functioning of a standard hour incentive plan.
What is a piece rate?
What are standard data for job families? How are they used to determine per¬formance standards?
What are universal standard data? How can they be used to determine perfor¬mance standards?
How can work sampling be used to measure delays and allowances? To deter¬mine performance standards?
What is work sampling? How does it work?
What are the methods for ensuring an adequate sample size in stopwatch work measurement? For ensuring consistency of sample data?
In stopwatch work measurement, why is the job broken down into elements, rather than being timed as a whole?
Describe the procedure for stopwatch work measurement.
What is performance rating? Why is it a necessary part of work measurement?How accurate is performance rating?
Define the following terms:a. Normal timeb. Standard timec. Allowance
What are informal standards? What are their advantages and defects?
What are performance standards? How are they used in industry?
What is the nature of the organization of work in the GM Saturn Project? Do you think it will work? Why?
How does a process-focused system design affect job designs? How does a product-focused system design affect job designs?
Which view of job design do you think is most practical? Most humane? Most likely to succeed in the long term?
What is the nature of the managers’ model of job breadth? Of the workers’model of job breadth? Do they result in the same kinds of job designs?
What are Englestad’s psychological job requirements? Are they compatible with the technological view of job design?
What is the sociotechnologist’s view of process planning and job design?
In the technologist’s view, what are humans’ functions in performing work?
What are the tools of product analysis? How are job designs affected by their use?
What is the technological view of process planning and job design?
What is job enlargement? How was it originated?
What are the factors that limit the extent of division of labor in practice?
The Pumpo Pump Company is current located in the industrial district of a large city, and several problems have led to the decision to relocate. First and most important, the present site is old and inefficient, and there is no room left for easy expansion. A contributing factor is high labor
The Woods Furniture Company of Grand Rapids is an old-line producer of quality wood furniture. The company is still located at the original plant site in a complex of buildings and additions to buildings. The plant is bursting at the seams again and is in need of further expansion. There is no room
A company has three plants located in Detroit; Hammond, Indiana; and Mobile, Alabama that distribute to five distribution centers located at Mil¬waukee; Cleveland; Cincinnati; Erie, Pennsylvania; and Mobile, Alabama. Table 18-13 shows distribution costs per unit, together with data on production
A company supplies its products from three factories and five distribution warehouses. The company has been expanding its sales efforts westward and in the South and Southwest. It has been supplying these markets from existing distribution centers, but current volume in the new locations has raised
A Company with factories at A, B, C, and D supplies warehouses at E, F, G, and FI. Monthly factory capacities are 100, 80, 120, and 90, respectively, for regular production. If overtime production is utilized, the capacities can be increased to 120, 110, 160, and 140, respectively. Incremental unit
A company has factories at A, B, and C, which supply warehouses at D, E, F, and G. Monthly factory capacities are 250, 300, and 200, respectively, for regular production. If overtime production is utilized, the capacities can be increased to 320, 380 and 210, respectively. Incremental unit overtime
A company has factories at A, B, and C, which supply warehouses, D, E, F, and G. Monthly factory capacities are 300, 400, and 500, respectively. Monthly warehouse requirements are 200, 240, 280, and 340, respectively. Unit ship¬ping costs are as follows:Determine the optimum distribution for this
A company has factories at A, B, and C, which supply warehouses at D, E, F, and G. Monthly factory capacities are 70, 90, and 115, respectively. Monthly warehouse requirements are 50, 60, 70, and 95, respectively. Unit shipping costs are as follows:Determine the optimum distribution for this
Define the warehouse location problem.
How is the problem of locating a single plant different from that of locating an additional plant in an existing system of production facilities?
How can differences in capital expenditure requirements between locations be traded off against differences in variable costs?
In the multiattribute location model, how are the relative weights between objective and subjective factors determined in the overall location problem?Are location choices sensitive to this relative weighting?
In the multiattribute location model, what is the rationale for weighting subjec¬tive factors?
In the multiattribute location model, how is a critical factor weighted? An objective factor?
In locational choice, under what conditions must the criterion be maximum profit? Maximum revenue? Minimum relevant costs?
In the concepts oflocational choice, what is meant by a location oriented toward a technical requirement? Give examples.
CHEMCO is a chemical manufacturing company that has been successful in research and development. It has built its reputation by exploiting its excellent research staff’s ability to develop new and useful products. The firm has been able to capitalize on being an innovator, reaping the high
SITCOM is a producer of electronic home appliances, including VHS (Video Home System) television recorders, located in northern California. The pack¬aged product weighs about 75 pounds. SITCOM was not the innovator of the system. Rather, its managers sat back and let RCA and others develop the
This problem is an extension ofthe text example for the economic evaluation of a product in its rapid development phase. The decision tree structure is given in Figure 17-12.A technological breakthrough in an automated production process is now available that can be incorporated with new capital
New alternatives are made available for the example ofthe economic analysis of a mature product given in the text. The present value calculations for the text example are given in Figures 17-6, 17-8, 17-9, and 17-11.
The production manager of the Lost Sales Company in problem 17 says he can put on a third shift that would provide a capacity of 600 units per month and risk virtually no capital. The higher labor rate and reduced productivity would cut the contribution to only $80 on the incremental units. He says
The Lost Sales Company is considering what to do; it is at two-shift capacity, it is limiting sales, and demand promises to continue to increase at the rate of 20 percent per year. The production manager is against expansion. He says that expansion cannot be justified because labor costs are sky
In problem 15, the equipment supplier for the plant states that it is working on a technological innovation that could make the smaller plant more economical to operate. It estimates the operating costs for the two small units together to be the same as those for the large plant, but the initial
A company is planning an expansion in capacity and two alternatives have been developed for the same site, based strictly on the size ofthe expansion. The first involves smaller, 2000-unit plants—two units would be installed that would satisfy demand for five years. The units cost $2,500,000
What are typical factors that might suggest the use of chance events in capacity expansion analyses? What economic criteria would be appropriate under such circumstances?
Why are present values used in comparing the cash flows in capacity analyses?
Review the framework for analyzing capacity alternatives. How is it the same as the framework given for analyzing technological choices? How is it different from that framework?
Referring to question 10, what strategic factors should be weighed and traded off against objective cost—profit results in your strategies?
Home computers are now on the market. They are quite powerful, involving keyboard input, video output, and very substantial memory capacities, and they are designed to use rather capable languages such as BASIC. Prices range from$600 to $1500 and are declining.If you were tooling up to produce such
Define the following terms: regular capacity, optimal capacity, and maximum capacity.9- What are the effects of economies of scale on the capacity planning problem?
Using the cost—volume relationship shown in Figure 17-3 as a background:a. Under what conditions would you expect minimum unit cost plant size(output) to include a second shift?b. What are the factors that might result in a larger plant being more cost effective than a smaller one?
Describe the issues surrounding the choice between large- and small-capacity units.
What are alternative sources of capacity? How do they impact the capacity planning problem?
How is the capacity planning problem different for mature products that have relatively stable growth patterns than for products that are new or involve risky situations?
A fertilizer company is reviewing its future capacity needs. The company has concluded that its share of the market demand will expand at the rate of 20 percent per year for the next five years. Production is highly capital intensive, and transportation costs for distribution are also
Why might there be imbalances in the existing capacities of X-ray, laboratory, intensive care, and other departments in a hospital?
What are the appropriate methods for predicting future requirements for the following?a. Electric powerb. Oil tankersc. Hula-hoops
After tires have been assembled, they go to curing presses where the various layers of rubber and fiber are vulcanized into one homogenous piece and the final shape, including the tread, is molded. Different tires require somewhat different curing times, which may range up to 90 minutes or more.
The 10-Minute Car Wash manager has problems in staffing the operation be¬cause of the fluctuating demand for car wash service. The crew is used to staff the gas pumps, for vacuum cleaning, to drive cars on the system, and in the wipe and dry operations.
Food King supermarket maintains a central warehouse from which it supplies all of its stores. In general, each market places orders and obtains daily shipments from the warehouse.The general routine is that order pickers assemble orders placed by the stores and load them on one of the five company
The manager of a Food King supermarket is reconsidering his service policies.He currently has six checkers working during the busy period, when customers arrive at the rate of X = 60 per hour, but he feels that he should be able to get by with only five. The average service time to total the bill,
XACTO, Inc., faces a decision of how to allocate its repair crew to various maintenance jobs. It has three journeymen mechanics who are paid $20 per hour and four apprentices who are paid $5 per hour.
The California Motor Vehicles Department established auto inspection facili¬ties to measure the smog emissions of cars. A typical test center has four parallel service channels. The fee is $15. The four parallel service channels draw on a single waiting line. The arrival rate is X = 22.8 cars per
A small town has six gas stations. As gas shortages began to occur during the 1979 oil crisis, the first visible effect was that stations began to close on week¬ends and to have shorter hours during the week. At any one time, an average of only four stations were open. The average station has two
A university must maintain a large and complex physical plant, so plant mainte¬nance is an important support function. The plant maintenance department maintains a crew of six maintenance mechanics who respond to calls for service from department heads and other authorized personnel on the campus.
The manager of a large bank has the problem of providing teller service for customer demand, which varies somewhat during the business day from 10 A.M.to 4 P.M. She has a total capacity ofsix windows and can assign unneeded tellers to other useful work about 60 percent of the time. She also wishes
In the manufacture of photographic film, there is a specialized process of per¬forating the edges of the 35 mm film used in movie and still cameras. A bank of 20 such machines is required to meet production requirements. The severe service requirements cause breakdowns that must be repaired
A stenographer has five persons for whom he performs stenographic services.Arrival rates are adequately represented by the Poisson distribution, and ser¬vice times follow the negative exponential distribution. The arrival rate is five jobs per hour. The average service time is 10 minutes. Assume
A taxicab company has four cabs that operate out of a given taxi stand. Cus¬tomer arrival rates and service rates are described by the Poisson distribution.The average arrival rate is 10 per hour, and the average service time is 20 minutes. The service time follows a negative exponential
The barber of a one-chair shop finds that sometimes customers are waiting but sometimes he has nothing to do and can read sports magazines. He prefers to keep a rather steady pace when he is working, hoping to get blocks of time for reading and keeping up on sports. In the hope of improving his
Given a Poisson distribution of arrivals with a mean of X = 5 per hour, what is the probability of an arrival of x = 4 in 1 hour? What is the probability of the occurrence of 15 minutes between arrivals?
Why are the models associated with finite waiting lines so different from infinite models?
How is Equation 2 modified ifa. Service time is constant?b. Service time follows the negative exponential distribution?
What are the assumptions for the waiting line model represented by Equation 2?
Why is queuing felt to be an unacceptable method for dealing with overload conditions in medical systems?
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