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service management operations strategy
Modern Production Operations Management 8th Edition Buffa, Elwood S., Sarin, Rakesh K. - Solutions
Define the following terms:a. Arrival processb. Queue disciplinec. Infinite waiting line modeld. Finite waiting line modele. Single server modelf. Multiple server model
Classify the following in terms of the four basic waiting line structures:a. Assembly lineb. Large bank—six tellers (one waiting line for each)c. Cashier at a restaurantd. One-chair barbershope. Cafeteria linef. Jobbing machine shop g. General hospital h. Post office—four windows drawing from
What is the actual payoff period for the office copier project discussed in problem 10? If interest is 10 percent, what should the minimum payoff period be to make the investment economically sound? Does the office copier project meet the payoff standard?
An aggressive marketer of a new office copier has made its machine available for sale as well as lease. The idea of buying a copying machine seems revolution¬ary, but it seems less so when we examine our present costs, which come to$6500 per year for the lease plus per copy charges of 2 cents per
Suppose that we are considering the installation of a small computer to accom¬plish internal tasks of payroll computation, invoicing, and other routine ac¬counting. The purchase price is quoted as $300,000 and the salvage value five years later is expected to be $100,000. The operating costs are
The proud owner of a new automobile states that she intends to keep her car for only two years in order to minimize repair costs, which she feels should be near zero during the initial period. She paid $8000 for the car new, and Blue Book value schedules suggest that it will be worth only $4000 two
What is the value of an annuity of $2000 per year for 10 years at the end of its life? Interest is at 10 percent.
What is the present value of an income stream of $1500 for 15 years at 10 percent interest?
At 8 percent interest, how many years will it take money to double itself?
What interest rate would a $10,000 bond have to earn to be worth $50,000 in 10 years?
What is the future value in 25 years of a bond that earns interest at 10 percent and has a present value of $10,000?
What is the present value of the salvage of a machine that can be sold 10 years hence for $2500? Interest is at 10 percent.
A trucking firm owns a five-year-old truck that it is considering replacing. The truck can be sold for $5000, and Blue Book values indicate that its salvage value would be $4000 one year from now. It also appears that the trucker would need to spend $500 on a transmission overhaul if the truck is
History records that the electronic pocket calculator had a product ancestor known as the mechanical desk calculator, first hand powered and later electri¬cally powered. It was a mechanical marvel, prized by those whose jobs required accurate computations and by organizations that needed both
Nels Jensen started his grocery business 35 years ago in the Lake Tahoe resort community. The combination of good management and well-to-do patrons pro¬duced an independent supermarket of unsurpassed quality. One of the hall¬marks of Jensen’s success model was his emphasis on and definition of
The manufacturing manager of the PANDEX Company is considering the technology that should be adopted for a new7 product that must be available for the market in 18 months. The market forecasts indicate an initial volume of 10,000 units per year and increases of 2000 units per year for the first
A company has a largely manual technology for performing an operation in their plant, and it is considering two machines to make it somewhat less depen¬dent on the labor supply in the area since labor is in short supply and there has been labor unrest. The annual operating costs for the present
The manufacturing manager for a company making a line of toys for the highvolume Christmas market is considering options for a particular novelty toy for which market testing has indicated good acceptance. The assumption is that this is a one-season toy.The plastic and metal parts are fabricated by
After additional efforts to ferret out the cost differences between the two machines in problem 31, it was found that maintenance costs for machine 2 increase rapidly at the rate of $500 per year. How does this fact change the economics of the situation and the final decision?
A company is considering two different machines to perform an important operation in their manufacturing process. The first is a standard machine. The second is more expensive, but it has a higher degree of automation incorporated in it, and it is less flexible in the range of jobs it can process
If one alternative is lower in expected monetary value and another is chosen instead because it can produce a higher quality product, what economic value is implicitly being placed on the quality superiority of the technology chosen?
If a technological alternative has the lowest expected monetary value, why shouldn’t it automatically be the clear choice?
Why are present values used in measuring comparative economic values in technological choice?
What is the meaning of expected monetary value? Why is it a useful criterion for measuring technological alternatives? If there were no chance points in the decision structure, would it be an appropriate criterion?
What framework for analyzing technological choice was discussed in the text?
What is the state of process technology in such nonmanufacturing operations as distribution and transport, warehousing, retailing, and banking? Assess the impact of advanced process technologies on costs and quality in each these fields.
How do the alternative technologies compare in terms of the four competitive priorities of cost, quality, flexibility, and on-time performance?
Is the automatic factory a reality? State examples that would appear to justify saying that the automatic factory is a reality.
What is GT, group technology? What is unique about the concept? What is its field of application?
Describe two of the major applications of FMS. Do they appear to be econom¬ically justified?
What is FMS? What is the general field of FMS application? Is the field of FMS application significant in terms of the potential market size for its capability?State statistics.
What are the general areas of CAD/CAM application that have yielded produc¬tivity and quality improvements?
In what industrial sectors has CAD/CAM been applied? What companies wdthin those sectors use CAD/CAM?
What is CAD/CAM?
Describe the general volume levels at which manual, hard automation, and reprogrammable automation break even in overall costs? Account for these break-even levels.
What is an NC machine? How long is an NC machine tied up during the set-up process?
What does it cost per hour to operate a robot (capital plus operating costs)?
What are the design characteristics of robots? Which of the human senses can robots mimic?
Define the term robot. Is it all-inclusive in terms of automatic devices?
What is a transfer machine? What is its general field of application?
Define the term hard automation. What is its field of application?
Defend the proposition that manual technology is inappropriate in today’s hightech world.
Define the terms general purpose machines and special purpose machines. What is the general field of application of each? What is their significance in mechanized and automated technologies?
Describe the role of labor in manual, mechanized, and automated technologies.What is the relative capital cost of each?
Regarding product design, define the following terms and indicate their signifi¬cance for production cost:a. Interchangeable partsb. Standardizationc. Simplificationd. Modular design
Define the term production design. Give examples.
In what ways is process design dependent on the design of the product? How is product design dependent on the design of the processes used to produce it?
How is the model for product and process innovation related to a firm’s com¬petitive position?
Describe the model for product and process innovation. What is the nature of the processes in each of the three stages of the model?
How does the competitiveness and profitability of a firm depend on the techno¬logical choices it makes?
An Interview with W. Edwards Deming6 Dr. Deming, you said it will take about thirty years for the United States to catch up with Japan. This is a somewhat pessimistic view of the United States. Would you elaborate on this point?
Compare the results ofJIT production in U.S. and Japanese plants as shown by Tables 14-1 and 14-2. Do you feel that Japanese manufacturing methods are culturally and environmentally dependent?
Define the term Yo-i-don. How is it related to teamwork?
Define the term autonomation as it is used in the Toyota production system.How is it related to the term automation?19- Define the terms Andon and Bakayoke.
What is meant by JIT purchasing?
Contrast the differences in typical Japanese and U.S. practices in dealing with suppliers.
How do suppliers fit into the kanban system in Japan?
Explain how a simple kanban system works.
What is a kanban? Why is this system called a “pull” or demand system of inventory control?
What is a quality circle? How important is this concept in implementing the concept of total quality control?
What are the principles for implementing the slogan “quality at the source” in the Japanese system?
In the Japanese system, who is responsible for quality? Who is usually responsi¬ble in U.S. plants?
What is the significance ofthe slogan, “quality at the source” within the concept of the Japanese operating system?
How is quality control effected within the operating system diagrammed in Figure 14-1?
What are the sources of productivity improvement that result from the Japanese operating system?
What is the purpose of Japanese management’s withdrawal of buffer inven¬tories? Is this a risky strategy that exposes the system to shutdown if irregu¬larities occur in the system?
How does the close linking of workers produce teamwork in production?
What are the worker motivational effects that result fromJIT production tech¬niques? What is the impact of small lot production on those effects?
What managerial action is the key to the chain reaction resulting in the JIT system?
It is a commonly known Japanese practice to reduce lot sizes. Is this action an uneconomical one; that is, what is the basis for the lot size reductions?
What is the nature and extent of the improvements effected in Japanese manu¬facturing plants? What are examples of similar achievements in Japanese plants located in the United States?
The flange material for the V-belt pulley of Figure 13-16 must be relatively soft to carry out the press forming operations. Therefore, the material is specified with a Rockwell hardness of 55; a hardness of 60 is regarded as unacceptable.The scrap rate goes up so fast when material with a hardness
Records indicate that an average of 12 bars in a lot do not meet specifications.
The bar stock from which the hubs of the V-belt pulley shown in Figure 13-16 are fabricated has the diameter specification of 0.875 inch ± 0.002 inch. This specification is related to the problem of flange splitting and “wobble.” When assembling the pulleys by pressing the flanges on the hubs
The plating process for the pulleys can produce defective parts because of either too thick or too thin a plating or because of defective appearance, which shows up in surface defects. Assume that the plating thickness is controlled by a/>-chart, but the surface defects are controlled by a c-chart.
When assembling the pulleys by pressing the flanges on the hubs with an arbor press, the flanges tend to split excessively in instances when the hub is relatively large and the flange hole is relatively small and when the flange material is relatively hard, even though all of these factors are
Trouble has been experienced in holding the tolerance specified for the length of the hub, 1.00 inch ± 0.040 inch. Ten samples of four pulleys each yield the data shown in Table 13-12.a. Determine the natural tolerance of the process generating the hub. Is the present turret lathe process capable
An auditor is sampling a stack of N = 10,000 invoices to decide if he should accept the work of the clerk involved. He has previous evidence that the error rate has been 0.3 percent, and he is willing to accept this rate 5 percent of the time. However, he is not willing to accept the lot if the
A producer of computer chips has decided to grant equality to consumers by making a and P equal at 5 percent. A further step to ensure high quality is in the standards set: AQL = 0.5 percent and LTPD — 1.5 percent. With these specifications, the producer is now seeking a single sampling plan to
AQL = 2 percent, a = 5 percent, LTPD = 6 percent, and (3 = 10 percent.Determine n and c for a single sampling plan that holds rigidly to the specifica¬tion fora. What is the actual value of p?
For the plan in problem 46, if p = 10 percent, what is LTPD?
What is the sample size?
AQL = 1.5 percent, a = 5 percent, and c =
Plot it on the same diagram, and compare it with the c — 1 plan.
Repeat problem 44, but for a plan where c =
A single sampling plan is described as n — 50 and c — 1.a. Using the Thorndike chart, determine the values of the percent probability of lot acceptance for actual percent defectives of 0 through 12 in increments of 1.b. Plot the results as an OC curve.
For the data given in Table 13-11, construct a stabilized p-chart. Is the process in control?
Data are given in Table 13-11 for the number of defective parts in a production process. The sample sizes vary, so it is necessary to construct a p-chavt with variable control limits. Compute the center line and the variable limits, and plot the data points with their limits on a control chart. Is
For the data in Table 13-10, construct a control chart, plotting the 20 observa¬tions given. Is the process in control? If not, what are the revised center line and control limits, assuming that the causes are assignable?
Table 13-10 is a record of the number of paint defects per unit for metal desk equipment painted by dipping. What is the average number of defects per unit?What is the standard deviation? If a control chart were to be constructed for these data, what kind of chart would it be? What would be the
For the data in Table 13-9, construct a control chart, plotting the 20 observa¬tions given. Is the process in control? If not, what are the revised center line and control limits, assuming that the causes are assignable?
Table 13-9 is a record ofthe number of clerical errors in posting a journal. What is the average error fraction? What is the standard deviation? If a control chart were to be constructed for these data, what kind of chart would it be? What would be the center line and control limits for this chart?
What are the center lines and the control limits for an X-chart and an fCchart?
Measurements on the output dimension of a production process are x = 4.000 inch, R = 0.5 inch, and n —
What are the ± 3s control limits for a variables control chart on means for the data in problem 35? What are the control limits if the sample size is n — 1?What is the implied value of R ?
What is the standard deviation ofthe sampling distribution?
The mean and the standard deviation for a process for which we have a long record are x = 15.000 and s = 4, respectively. In setting up a variables control chart, we propose to use samples of n =
How might acceptance sampling procedures be used in the following types of productive systems: a hospital, a drug store, the IRS, the Social Security Ad- ministration, an airline, a fast-food restaurant.
Why is AOQ always better than the quality actually produced?
Under what conditions would a variables sampling plan be used?
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