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Modern Production Operations Management 8th Edition Buffa, Elwood S., Sarin, Rakesh K. - Solutions
Outline the general procedures necessary to construct an acceptance sampling plan for variables.
Describe the structure of sequential sampling plans. What are their advantages and disadvantages?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of double sampling compared to single sampling?
Describe the nature of double sampling.
What is the function of an AOQ curve? Can we specify AOQL as one of the design parameters for a plan?
Is it possible to specify exactly the levels of LTPD, AQL,a, and in determin- ing an acceptance sampling plan for attributes?
Define AQL,a, LTPD, and B, showing their relationships on a typical OC curve.
Outline the use of the Thorndike chart in determining OC curves for sampling by attributes.
For acceptance sampling by attributes, what is the statistical distribution that is most commonly appropriate? If p'n is greater than 5, what is the distribution that best approximates the binomial distribution?
What is the effect on the OC curve of increasing sample size n? Of increasing acceptance number c?
What information is provided by an OC curve?
When is a 100 percent sample justified?
Under what conditions is acceptance sampling appropriate?
What is the function of acceptance sampling, and how is it distinguished from other kinds of statistical control?
Discuss the concept of statistical control in relation to the general principle of "management control by the exception principle."
What is a stabilized p-chart? What function does it perform?
If sample sizes vary, how can the />-chart be modified to take this fact into account?
What is the area of application of c-charts?
What is the appropriate distribution for control charts for defects per unit (ccharts)?
Could a control chart be constructed that allowed for a continuous change of control limits, as in the situation where a tool might wear as a process pro¬gresses?
What statistical distribution is appropriate for control charts for attributes ipcharts)?
Can X- and ICcharts be constructed for measures of variability?
Outline the procedures required to construct X and R control charts.
What is the relationship between s*, the standard deviation of the sampling distribution, and s, the unbiased estimate of the standard deviation of the popu¬lation distribution?
Why are variables control charts normally constructed for small samples rather than for individual measurements?
Which would be the more sensitive control limits, ± 3r or ±2s?
When the potential loss is high relative to the cost of investigation, should control limits be relatively broad, perhaps ±3r?
What is the probability that a measurement drawn from a distribution other than a normal distribution will fall within the 3s limits?
What is the probability that a measurement drawn from a normal distribution will fall within the 3r limits?
What are assignable causes of variation in a production process?
What are assignable and chance causes of variation in a process?
A company operates a bank of 50 automatic screw machines. The machines operate for two shifts per day and have the following probability of breakdown after maintenance, based on company records:
A company operates a bank of 100 etching machines for silicon chip manufac¬ture. The machines operate for three shifts per day and have the following probability of breakdown after maintenance, based on company records:
A company operates a bank of 50 wafer cutters for silicon chip manufacture.The machines operate for two shifts per day and have the following probability of breakdown after maintenance, based on company records:
Assume the probability of breakdown distribution in problem 20 for N = 20 machines and unit costs of CR = $100 and CPM = $50.a. Show that a repair policy is most economical.b. Is the repair policy still most economical if downtime costs are $25 per breakdown?c. After examining the analyses of parts
Maintenance records on 20 machines provide the following data on the proba¬bility distribution of breakdowns
Maintenance records on 10 machines provide the following data on the proba¬bility distribution of breakdowns:MONTH FOLLOWING MAINTENANCE (i)1 23 PROBABILITY OF BREAKDOWN (p).5.3.2a. What is the average time between two successive breakdowns?b. Compute the average monthly number of breakdowns.c. If
Rationalize why the operating costs for equipment should increase with time, as indicated in Figure 12-7.
What are the general conditions for which preventive maintenance is appro¬priate?
It may not be possible to compute quality-related costs. How, then, can they be taken into account in deciding whether or not to adopt a PM program in the face of an economic advantage for a repair policy?
Assume the following three breakdown probability distributions:
Suppose that the unit factor costs, CR and Cpm, are equal and downtime and quality-related costs are not important. Would a repair policy or a PM policy be the most economical? Why?
Explain the components of the general expression for the number of machines that break down within the standard PM cycle n shown on page 382.
In evaluating alternative preventive maintenance periods that might be applica¬ble to a given situation, explain the components of the following function:B2 — N(pi + p2) + B\px
In the model of preventive maintenance discussed in the text, what is the assumption concerning the effect that a PM service has in extending the free run time of machines?
What is a breakdown time probability distribution?
Discuss the general methods by which the reliability of productive systems can be maintained.
What kinds of costs are associated with machine breakdown?
What are the criteria of quality in the following?a. A banking serviceb. The postal servicec. An institution of higher learningd. A hospitale. The Internal Revenue Service
What conditions make acceptance sampling appropriate?
What kinds of control can be exercised in maintaining quality standards?
Define the following terms:a. Type I errorb. Type II errorc. Producer’s riskd. Consumer’s risk
How can you control the aspects of quality that you suggest be measured in your answer to question 2?
What measures of quality of output do you think might be important in the following kinds of systems? Be as specific as possible.a. A fast-food operation such as McDonaldsb. A motelc. A luxury hoteld. Space vehicle manufacture
What are the primary and secondary feedback control loops in the overall quality assurance system?
Mary Stumblefield, the project manager of the Constrained Company, asked Gary Papadapoulas, her senior staff engineer, to prepare a schedule and budget requirements for a new project she had just received.The allocation of the budget was made monthly according to the time plan agreed upon between
An architect has been awarded a contract to prepare plans and specifications for an urban renewal project. The activities required, their sequencing require¬ments, and their estimated time requirements are as follows:
Figure 11-17^ is a nodes network diagram for a construction contract that shows the time in weeks to complete each activity and the normal schedule estimated costs for each activity. Figure 1 \-\lb shows the computer output and indicates an overall project time of 11 weeks, the critical path, and
The manager of the Pipeline Renewal Company is now concerned with re¬source utilization. Along with other data, Table 11-5 gives the normal crew requirements per day for each of the activities. By relating this to the ES schedule given in Figure 11-15, the manager developed the labor deployment
The manager of the Pipeline Renewal Company has always operated on the basis of having detailed knowledge of the required activities. The manager learned the business from the ground up, seemingly having faced virtually all possible crisis types. The network diagram made good sense, but the manager
Listed in Table 11-5 is a set of activities, sequence requirements, and estimated activity times for a pipeline renewal project. Figure 11-15 provides the com¬puter output for the project.a. Which activities can be delayed beyond the ES times without delaying the project completion time of 65
An arcs diagram for a project is as follows:The estimates of completion time for each activity and the number of workers that each activity requires every day are as follows. Activity times cannot be reduced by applying more workersa. What is the minimum project completion time? How many
A simple network consisting of four activities has the following network dia¬gram:
Table 11-4 provides data for the project of installing a gas-forced air furnace.a. Develop an activity on arc network diagram for the project.b. Develop an activity on node network diagram for the project.c. Using the manual computation algorithm, compute the following schedule statistics for the
Why is the matrix type of organizational structure used in project management?
Provide a rule other than the minimum activity slack rule for scheduling activi¬ties when resources are limited.
What is meant by load leveling? How may it be accomplished?
Outline the procedure for the manual computation of the activity time/cost trade-off curve.
Why is the PERT estimate of project completion time biased?
Define the following terms as they are used in probabilistic PERT networks:optimistic time, pessimistic time, most likely time, and expected time.
What are the differences in the construction of the network diagram between the “arcs” and “nodes” methodologies? How can the probabilistic network model provide additional data that are helpful for managerial decisions?
Outline the procedure for the manual computation of schedule statistics.
Define the following terms: early start (ES), early finish (EF), latest start (LS), latest finish (LF), and slack.
Why must activity networks be noncyclical?
What is the convention for numbering nodes in an “arcs” network? Why is this convention used?
What are the functions of dummy activities in an “arcs” network diagram?
For “arcs” planning methods, discuss and interrelate the following three phases:a. Activity analysisb. Network diagrammingc. Node numbering
In the context of the “activities on arcs” planning methods, define the following terms: activity, event, node, and critical path.
What are the characteristics of large-scale projects that focus managerial efforts on the detailed scheduling of activities and on project completion dates?
The Mixing and Bagging Company discussed in a Situation in Chapter 5 has carried through its plan to install EOQ scheduling of its products. The idea expressed by the factory manager is to use an order point trigger for each product. He set the order point, Pz-, for each product to cover average
Figure 10-7 shows the hourly variation in the demand for fire service for three typical days in New York City. On the average day, the 8 to 9 P.M. peak is 7.7 times the low point that occurs at 6 A.M. The peak for July 4 to July 5 is 3.7 times the peak for the low day in the distribution.
During a heavy fog, eight aircraft were “stacked” over Dragon Airport. Around 6:45 A.M., the weather cleared up. The planes must now be sequenced for landing, so the controller team of two scheduling experts, Freeda and Tom, have to do a rush job
A service operation requires five workers per day, seven days per week. Total weekly requirements are 5 X 7 = 35 worker-days per week. Theoretically, the 35 worker-days can be met with 35/5 = 7 workers, assuming that each worker must have two consecutive days off. Such a solution would have no
Assume that the schedule of requirements in the previous problem is altered only in that the requirement for Sunday is six workers. Is it still possible to schedule the operation with the same number of workers? Does it make any difference whether or not the requirement of six workers occurs on
A service operation is offered seven days per week. Demand for the service is such that four workers are required throughout the week. Work rules require that each worker be given two consecutive days off each week. How many workers will be required to staff the operation? Develop a schedule of
Based on a daily forecast, the number of operators required to meet the hourly load in a telephone exchange on a given day are as follows 24.The following Monday through Sunday schedule of requirements is similar t
Data for a particular job order are set-up time = 10 hours, run time — 1 minute per unit once the set-up is made, cP — $150 per set-up, cH = $0.12 per unit per year, R = 10,000 units, and EOQ = 5000 units.a. What percent dilution in capacity would occur if production were actually in lots of Q
Table 10-13 gives data on five products that are produced on the same equip¬ment. Assume that 250 productive days are available per year. The EOQs and associated costs are also shown in the Table.
Job orders with the characteristics indicated by the following data are received at a work station:
The data for 10 jobs are as follow:19- For a JOB three machine job shop, the following data are given:
Consider a flow shop that has only two processors. A job is completed first on processor 1 and then on processor
The Reliable word processing center has accepted several jobs that are due in the next few days. A batch ofthese jobs is assigned to Miss Coco. The pertinent data for these jobs are given below:Job 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time to process 5 4 3 1 Vi 2(days)Due in (days) 11 10 16 2 1 3a. Can Miss Coco finish all
A bomb squad faces a terrible situation that the members wish had never happened. A terrorist has planted five bombs in an airport building, endanger¬ing lives and property. The squad has located all five bombs and must now proceed to dismantle them. Because of limited staffing, the bombs can be
A job shop incurs a cost of C dollars per day for each day a job is in the shop. At the beginning of a month, there are five jobs in the shop. The data for these jobs are given below:Job 1 2 3 4 5 Processing time (days) 5 3 10 2 4 Due date (days) 10 15 20 9a. If cost per day is $50 for each job,
The following data are given for a single processor, static job shop:Job 1 2 3 4 5 6 Processing time 3 2 9 4 2 4 Due date 17 21 5 12 15 24a. Give a schedule that minimizes the average flow time. What is the average flow time for your schedule?b. Give a schedule that minimizes maximum tardiness.
Define the important characteristics of the work shift scheduling problem.
Why does personnel scheduling in service oriented systems present unique problems?
Given the aggregate plan as a constraint to operations scheduling in productfocused systems, what flexibility is left to planners in developing detailed sched¬ules?
If a common cycle is used for producing all the items in a batch shop, will costs be minimized? Give the reason for your answer.
What is the problem with using independently determined EOQs as batch sizes in a multi-item batch shop?
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