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statistics for nursing a practical approach
Fundamentals Of Nursing: Standards And Practices 2nd Edition Sue C. DeLaune, Patricia Kelly Ladner - Solutions
Client’s facial expression and posture
Decreasing ability to function independently
Increased incidence of falls
Decreased socialization
Cognitive impairments
Impaired gait
Nutrition problems
Sleep alterations
Elevates pain threshold as a result of decreasing the velocity of nerve conduction
Diminishes muscle spasms
Reduces fever
Counteracts inflammation
Alleviates edema by reducing vascular flow
Use laxatives or stool softeners only as advised by the health care provider.
Consume a hot beverage about 30 minutes prior to the planned time for a bowel movement.
Increase physical activity, such as walking.
Eat foods that have helped relieve constipation previously.
Drink 8–10 glasses of fluid per day.
Eat high-fiber foods.
Several are available over-the-counter
They do not cause CNS or respiration depression.
They can be administered orally.
Sensitize afferent nerve endings to bradykinin (a pain substance) (McCaffery & Pasero, 1999
Contribute to edema and erythema
Are always released when cells are damaged
Cause allodynia even in low concentrations
Can be found in almost every body tissue
Titrate doses to provide maximum pain relief and minimum side effects (Bral, 1998, p. 30). Know that the right dose is “whatever it takes to relieve the pain with the fewest side effects”
Keep clients in control of their own analgesia as much as possible.
Administer analgesics at regularly scheduled intervals(around-the-clock dosing) rather than on an asneeded(PRN) basis.
Choose the least invasive route of administration.
Individualize analgesic therapy to each client.
Discharge planning and teaching will include continuing needs for pain management.
Analgesics are to be administered as needed.
Clients will be involved in making health care decisions.
Clients will be taught that pain management is a part of treatment.
Clients will be taught the importance of effective pain management.
Clients will be treated for pain or referred for treatment.
Pain is to be assessed and regularly reassessed.
What concerns do the client and family have about using certain medications such as opioids?
Assist with cleaning as necessary.
Assist client with getting into and out of tub or shower. Provide with a call system.
8. Describe the nursing interventions that promote a client’s personal hygiene.
7. Discuss the nursing interventions that can be used to resolve environmental hazards in institutional and home settings.
6. Explain the role of assessment in maintaining a safe environment.
5. Discuss factors that influence a client’s personal hygiene practices.
4. Contrast various types of isolation precautions.
3. Explain the principles of medical and surgical asepsis.
2. Describe the chain of infection.
1. Describe factors affecting environmental safety.
6. Identify the ongoing postoperative nursing diagnoses, expected outcomes, interventions, and evaluation criteria in planning the discharge care for Mrs. Broussard from the hospital the second postoperative day.
5. You are working the evening shift on a surgical unit. You assess a client on his second postoperative day; he is receiving morphine, 2 to 4 mg/hr, with a PCA pump. He has had 17 mg morphine during the past 6.5 hours. During your assessment you observe that he is nodding and unable to tell you
4. Although the primary activity of perioperative nursing is client-centered care, nurses must also have an awareness of inherent “cost” challenges.Discuss how nurses can have a positive or negative impact on health care costs related to surgery.
3. Mr. S is an 86-year-old inpatient client scheduled for heart surgery. The evening before surgery he requests the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick.What nursing activities should the nurse institute?
2. An 11-year-old child is hospitalized for surgical repair of an ankle injury. The child lives with a single parent, a 5-year-old brother, and a 3-year-old sister. What age-related considerations need to be incorporated into planning the discharge care of the child, keeping in mind the
1. Mrs. G is a 45-year-old wife and mother who needs an emergency hysterectomy; however, she has no health insurance. Where should Mrs. G seek surgical intervention? With emergency surgery there is little time for client teaching. How does the nurse handle this challenge? What type of support
Demonstrate use or application of prescribed medical devices (identify appropriate device).
Demonstrate aseptic technique in changing dressings.
Describe the use of Standard Precautions as appropriate.
Explain potential food or drug interactions.
Explain the meaning and purpose of medications.
Explain dietary limitations.
Describe limitations in activity.
List the symptoms to be reported to the physician on occurrence.
What methods can be implemented to elicit Mrs.Broussard’s concern or anxiety about the surgery itself or the expectations for her recovery?
What types of information should Mrs. Broussard be able to share about the postoperative course of treatment?
What postoperative exercises should Mrs. Broussard be asked to demonstrate for the evaluation of her ability to perform these measures?
What methods can be used to determine whether Mrs. Broussard understands the events that will occur during the surgery?
Will someone be available to assist you when you return home?
Are you worried about anything?
Is there anything that you do not understand regarding your surgery?
What are you expecting from this surgery?
Are you experiencing any discomfort or pain?
Are you able to take care of your own needs?
Has your problem prevented you from working?
Has this caused any problems with your relationships with others?
What do you think caused this problem?
When did this problem start?
Why are you having surgery?
7. Describe essential components of discharge teaching for the perioperative client.
6. Document nursing interventions that achieve the individualized expected outcomes for perioperative clients.
5. Plan, implement, and evaluate the nursing care outcomes for perioperative clients in various health care settings.
4. Demonstrate an awareness of age-related functions and values when assessing and teaching clients.
3. Recognize sociocultural and ethical factors that affect decision making in planning care with the perioperative client.
2. Assess the physiological, psychological, social, cultural, spiritual, and age-related aspects of the perioperative client’s health status.
1. Discuss the three phases of the perioperative experience in relation to the client’s expected outcomes and the major functional roles of the nurse.
17. Drugs given onto the mucosa can be systemically absorbed, causing an adverse reaction.
16. Provides documentation that the medication was given.
15. Reduces spread of microorganisms.
14. Restores client comfort.
13. Prevents contamination of inmedication in the the dropper.
12. Prevents medication from leaking out of the nose prematurely.
11. Prevents contamination of the dropper.
9. Helps prevent aspiration of drops into the lungs.
8. Proper position provides access to passages and helps medication reach the appropriate site.
7. Understanding what to expect reduces anxiety and enhances cooperation.
6. Removes mucus and secretions that might block medication absorption.
5. Reduces anxiety and enhances collaboration.
4. Accurately identifies client.
3. Reduces transfer of microorganisms.
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