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statistics for nursing a practical approach
Introduction To Engineering Statistics And Six Sigma 1st Edition Theodore T. Allen - Solutions
If “story is interesting” was determined to have a correlation of “3” for all factors, which would have the highest factor rating number?a. Money spent on script writersb. Young male focus group usedc. Stars usedd. Critic approvale. All of the above would have equal factor rating numbers.
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. R′ is a 4 × 7 matrix.b. R′C is a vector with five entries.c. Cause and effect matrices create a prioritized list of factors.d. All of the above are correct.e. All of the above are correct except (a) and (d).
Which KIV or KOV value is probably most important to the customers?a. Type of durometerb. Rubber widthc. Bead thicknessd. Tire diametere. All of the above KIVs or KOVs are equally important for investigation.
What issue or issues do customers value most according to the C&E matrix?a. The cost is low.b. Performance is good.c. Tires seem worn down.d. Traction around turns is good.e. Customers value answers “a” and “c” with equal importance.
Which is correct and most complete?a. Mixed production results in fewer setups than ordinary batch production.b. Kanban cards can limit the total amount of inventory in a plant at any time.c. U-shaped cells cause workers to perform only a single specialized task well.d. All of the above are
What are possible benefits associated with U-shaped cells?a. Parts are produced before demands are placed, for readiness.b. Parts are produced in batches of one.c. Personal accountability for product quality is returned to the worker.d. All of the above are correct.e. All of the above are correct
Perform Steps 3 and 4 to the system identified in solving the previous problem to create a process map of an ideal future state. Assume that sufficient resources are available to eliminate all non-value added operations.
Apply process mapping steps (without the steps that are only for value stream mapping) to a system that you might improve as a student project. This system must involve at least five operations.
Value Stream Mapping can be viewed as an extension of which activity?a. Gauge R&Rb. Benchmarkingc. Design of experimentsd. Process mappinge. None of the above is correct.
Describe a false alarm in a sporting activity in which you participate.
It is often true that project objectives can be expressed in terms of the limits on R charts before and after changes are implemented. The goal can be that the limits established through an entirely new start-up and steady state process should be narrower. Explain briefly why this goal might be
Some psychologists believe that self-monitoring a person’s happiness can reduce the peaks and valleys associated with manic depressive behavior.Briefly discuss common and assignable causes in this context and possible benefits of charting.
A medical device manufacturer is frustrated about the variability in rework coming from the results of different inspectors. No standard units are available and the test methods are nondestructive. Which methods might help reduce rework variability? Explain in four sentences or less.
Which of the following relate run rules to six sigma goals?a. Run rules generate additional false alarms improving chart credibility.b. Sometimes LCL = 0 so run rules offer a way to check project success.c. Run rules signal assignable causes in start-up, improving capability measures.d. All of the
Control chart the data and propose limits for steady state monitoring. (Assume that assignable causes are found and eliminated for all of the out-of-control signals in the trial chart.)
What is the UCL for the revised R chart? (Assume that assignable causes are found and eliminated for all of the out-of-control signals in the trial chart.)a. 0.000b. 0.736c. 1.123d. 1.556e. 1.801f. None of the above is correct.
What is the UCL for the revised Xbar chart? (Assume that assignable causes are found and eliminated for all of the out-of-control signals in the trial chart.)a. 1.67b. 1.77c. 2.67d. 2.90e. 3.10f. None of the above is correct.
How many subgroups generate out-of-control signals for the trial Xbar chart?a. 0b. 1c. 2d. 3e. 4f. None of the above is correct.
How many subgroups generate out-of-control signals for the trial R chart?a. 0b. 1c. 2d. 3e. 4f. None of the above is correct.
What is the starting centerline for the Xbar chart (within the implied uncertainty)?a. 2.1b. 2.3c. 2.4d. 3.3e. 3.5f. None of the above is correct.
Which of the following is (are) true of u-chart process capability?a. It is the usual average number of nonconformities per item.b. It is the fraction of nonconforming units under usual conditions.c. It necessarily tells less about a system than p-chart process capability.d. All of the above are
In steady state, what actions should be taken for out-of-control signals?a. Always immediately remove them from the data and recalculate limits.b. Do careful detective work to find causes before making recommendations.c. In some cases, it might be desirable to shut down the call center.d. All of
Create the trial or startup demerit chart in Microsoft® Excel, clearly showing the UCL, LCL, CL, and process capability for each subgroup.
How many out-of-control signals are found in this data set?a. 0b. 1c. 2d. 3e. 4f. None of the above is correct.
What is the initial centerline ( μ0)?a. 0.237b. 0.397c. 0.171d. 0.178e. 0.360f. None of the above is correct.
What is the weighted total number of nonconformities (C)?a. 916b. 1270c. 337d. 2127e. 13f. None of the above is correct.
In the above example, n and τ are appropriate because:a. Complete inspection has been used, assuring good quality.b. The condition n × p0 > 5.0 is satisfied.c. No complaints about lack of responsiveness are reported.d. All of the above are correct.e. All of the above are correct except for (a)
Use software (e.g., Minitab® or Excel) to graph the revised p-chart, clearly showing the p0, UCL, LCL, and percent nonconforming for each subgroup.
Where will the revised p-chart UCL be placed (within implied uncertainty)?a. 0.015b. 0.089c. 0.146d. 0.130e. 0.020f. None of the above is correct.
How many trial data points are outside the control limits?a. 0b. 1c. 2d. 3e. 4f. None of the above is correct.
Where will the center line of a p-chart be placed (within implied uncertainty)?a. 0.015b. 0.089c. 0.146d. 431e. 0.027f. None of the above is correct.
Which of the following is correct and most complete?a. False alarms are caused by assignable causes.b. The charts often alert local authority to assignable causes which they fix.c. Charts seek to judge the magnitude of average assignable cause variation.d. All of the above are correct.e. All of the
Which of the following describes the relationship between common cause variation and local authorities?a. Local authority generally cannot reduce common cause variation on their own.b. Local authority has the power to reduce only common cause variation.c. Local authority shows over-control when
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of SPC charting?a. Charting helps in thorough evaluation of system quality.b. It helps identify unusual problems that might be fixable.c. It encourages people to make continual adjustments to processes.d. It encourages a principled approach to process
In three sentences or less, interpret the %R&R value obtained in Question 11.
What is the %R&R (rounding to the nearest percent)?a. 25%b. 16%c. 2.9%d. 55%e. 60%f. None of the above is correct.
Following the text formulas, solve for R&R (within the implied uncertainty).a. 0.140b. 0.085c. 0.164d. 0.249e. 0.200f. None of the above is correct.
Following the text formulas, solve for Yrange parts (within the implied uncertainty).a. 0.24b. 0.12c. 0.36d. 0.1403e. 0.09f. None of the above is correct.
What is needed to make the measurement system “gauge capable?”a. Change timing approach so that 6.0 × EEAE < 3.0.b. Make the system better so that EEAE < 1.c. The system is gauge capable with no changes.d. The expected absolute errors should be under 1.5.e. All of the above are correct except
What is the measurement system capability?a. 6.0b. 9.35c. 12.9d. 2.39e. 0.9f. None of the above is correct.
What are the estimated expected absolute errors?a. 5.0b. 14.33c. 2.15 ± 0.15d. 14.33 ± 0.15e. 6.0f. None of the above is correct.
What is the EEEAE?a. 0.67b. 0.15c. 2.92d. 0.65e. 2.15
What is the EEAE (in seconds)?a. 1.95b. 2.15c. 2.20d. 2.05e. Answers “a” and “c” are both valid answers.
Which are differences between reproducibility and systematic errors?a. Systematic errors are between a generic process and the standard values; reproducibility errors are differences between each appraiser and the average appraiser.b. Evaluating reproducibility errors relies more on standard
What properties are shared between reproducibility and repeatability errors?a. Both derive from mistakes made by people and/or equipment.b. Neither is easily related to true errors in relation to standards.c. Estimation of both can be made with a crossed gauge R&R.d. All of the above are correct.e.
According to the text, what types of measurement errors are found in standard values?a. Unknown measurement errors are in all numbers, even standards.b. None, they are supposed to be accurate within the uncertainty implied.c. Measurements are entirely noise. We can’t really know any values.d. All
What is the explicit uncertainty of y = 50.4 × exp (2.2 – 1.3) (permitting accurate rounding)?a. 123.92 ± 11b. 123.96 (-11.9,+13.17)c. 123.92 (-11.9,+13.17)d. 123.96 (-9.9,+13.17)e. 123.92 (-9.9,+13.17)
What is the explicit uncertainty of y = 5.4 × exp (4.2 – 1.3) (permitting accurate rounding)?a. 98.14 ± 0.015b. 98.14 (-10.17, +10.33)c. 98.15 (-10.16, +10.33)d. 98.14 (-10.16, +11.33)e. 98.15 (-10.17, +11.33)
What is the explicit uncertainty of 4.35 × 2.541 (permitting accurate rounding)?a. 11.05 ± 0.01b. 11.053 ± 0.01c. 11.053 ± 0.10d. 11.054 ± 0.015e. 11.053
What is the explicit uncertainty of 4.2 × 2.534 (permitting accurate rounding)?a. 10.60 ± 0.129b. 10.60 ± 0.10c. 10.643 ± 0.129d. 10.65 ± 0.10e. 10.643 ± 0.100
What is the explicit uncertainty of 4.35 + 2.541 (permitting accurate rounding)?a. 6.891b. 6.891 ± 0.0055c. 6.891 ± 0.0060d. 6.891 ± 0.01e. 6.890 ± 0.0060
What is the explicit uncertainty of 4.2 + 2.534 (permitting accurate rounding)?a. 6.734b. 6.734 ± 0.1c. 6.734 ± 0.0051d. 6.734 ± 0.0505e. 6.734 ± 0.0055
What is the implied uncertainty of 2.534?a. 0.5b. 5c. 0.05d. 0.005e. 0.5 × 10-3
What is the digit location of 2.534?a. 1b. 2c. -1d. -2e. -3
How many significant figures are in the number 2.534?a. 3b. 4c. 5d. 6
In three sentences, describe a scenario in which benchmarking could aid in making ethical judgements.
In three sentences, describe a scenario in which Pareto charting could aid in making ethical judgements.
Formal meeting rules in agreement with those from the text include:a. Facilitators should not enforce the agenda.b. Each participant receives three minutes to speak at the start of the meeting.c. No one shall speak without possession of the conch shell.d. All of the above are potential meeting
At FlyRite, which KIVs seem the most promising inputs for futher study(focusing on emulation of best in class practices)?a. Scissor type, wing length, and arm release angleb. Scissor type, wing length, and paper thicknessc. Paper thickness onlyd. Aesthetics and crumplinge. Scissor type and
Based on customer ratings, which company has “best in class” quality?a. FlyRiteb. Herculesc. Reliabilityd. Rippinge. None dominates all others.
How many controllable KIVs are considered?a. 4b. 6c. 7d. 15
How many customer issues are analyzed?a. 3b. 4c. 5d. 6
Which of the following are reasons why this analysis might be surprising?a. She was already sure that studying was the most important problem.b. She has little faith that studying hard will help.c. Her most vivid memory is a professor with a troubling grading policy.d. All of the above could be
Which of the following are supported by the analysis?a. Student effort is probably not rewarded at the university.b. At least 80% of poor grades are explained by 20% of potential causes.c. The student’s GPA is usually driven by tough grading.d. Study groups would likely never be useful in
Which statement or statements summarize the results of the Pareto analysis?a. The obvious interpretation is that laziness causes most grade problems.b. Avoiding courses with tough grading will likely not have much of an effect on her GPA.c. Personal issues with instructors’ errors probably did
A hospital is losing business because of its reputation for long patient waits. It has similar emergency and non-emergency patient processing tracks, with most complaints coming from the emergency process. Patients in a hospital system generally spend the longest time waiting for lab test results
An engineer might use a Pareto chart to uncover what type of information?a. Prioritization of nonconformity types identify the relevant subsystem.b. Pareto charts generally highlight the most recent problems discovered on the line.c. Pareto charting does not involve attribute data.d. All of the
A hospital is losing business because of its reputation for long patient waits. It has similar emergency and non-emergency patient processing tracks, with most complaints coming from the emergency process. Patients in a hospital system generally spend the longest time waiting for lab test results
According to worst-case analysis, which subsystem should be addressed first?a. The slower testing subsystem for the emergency trackb. The insurance processing subsystem for the nonemergency trackc. The raw materials subsystem, because a medication’s weight is the most significant factor in
A hospital is losing business because of its reputation for long patient waits. It has similar emergency and non-emergency patient processing tracks, with most complaints coming from the emergency process. Patients in a hospital system generally spend the longest time waiting for lab test results
According to TOC, which subsystem should in general be improved first?a. The data entry insurance subsystem for the nonemergency trackb. The lab testing subsystemc. The subsystem controlling cost of the measurement systems usedd. Only the answers in parts “a” and “b” represent possible
Why are go-no-go decisions utilized?a. Eliminating design concepts early in a design process can save tooling costs.b. More design concepts exist than can be investigated, due to budget limitations.c. Decisive choices can be made, potentially related to multiple product lines.d. All of the above
Which is a categorical factor? (Give the correct and most complete answer.)a. Temperature used within an ovenb. The horizontal location of the logo on a web pagec. Type of tire used on a motorcycled. All of the above are categorical factors.e. All of the above are correct except (a) and (d).
According to the text, which is true of the theory of constraints (TOC)?a. Workers on non-bottleneck subsystems have zero effect on the bottom line.b. Identifying bottleneck subsystems can help in selecting project KOVs.c. Intermediate variables cannot relate to total system profits.d. All of the
Which statement is correct and most complete?a. Subsystems can be bottlenecks. KOVs can be outputs of subsystems.b. According to TOC, a large system usually has more than one bottleneck subsystem.c. Improving bottleneck systems almost always improves at least one total system KOV.d. Only the
In three sentences or less, describe a system from your own life with a bottleneck.
According to the chapter, the expected profit over two years is approximately:a. $158.3Kb. $75Kc. $66.6Kd. -$16.7K, and the project should not be undertaken.
According to the chapter, expected savings over two years is approximately:a. $83.3Kb. $166.6Kc. $66.6Kd. -$0.7K, and the project should not be undertaken.
Assuming the same rate as for the preceding projects, the total number of person-years likely needed is approximately:a. 0.083b. 0.075c. 0.006d. -0.050e. 0.125
Why might using rework and scrap costs to evaluate the cost of nonconformities be inaccurate?a. Rework generally does not require expense.b. If there are many nonconforming units, some inevitably reach customers.c. Production defects increase lead times, resulting in lost sales.d. All of the above
Write a charter for a project relevant to your life.
Which are symptoms of the “Not-Invented-Here Syndrome”?a. Acceptance of input from new coworkersb. Rejection of input from new coworkersc. Acceptance of recommendations developed by the people affectedd. Only the answers in parts “a” and “c” are correct.e. Only the answers in parts
At a major retailer, a new accounting system is resisted even before it is tested.This would likely be caused by:a. The “Not-Invented-Here Syndrome”b. Scope creep restricting the team to work on the original charterc. Information from intermediate variables supporting adoptiond. All of the
A new management demand—reducing paper consumption—is placed on an improvement team, in addition to improving report quality. This demand constitutes:a. An added KOV to focus on and improve quality valuesb. Scope creepc. Loss of “buy in” by the teamd. All of the above are relevant.e. Only
Which of the following are possible deliverables from a wood process project?a. Ten finished chairsb. Posters comparing relevant competitor chairsc. Settings that minimize the amount of wasted woodd. All of the above are tangible deliverables.e. Only the answers in parts “a” and “c” are
Which constitute relevant tangible deliverables from a taste improvement project?a. A gallon of better-tasting lemonadeb. Documentation giving the improved recipec. An equation predicting the taste rating as a function of ingredientsd. All of the above are tangible deliverables.e. Only the answers
A potential scope for the sales subsystem for a lemonade stand is:a. Improve the taste of a different type of lemonade by adjusting the recipe.b. Increase profit through reducing raw optimizing over the price.c. Reduce “cycle time” between purchase of materials and final product delivery.d. All
Which of the following constitutes an ordered list of two input variables, two intermediate variables, and an output variable?a. Lemonade stand (% sugar, % lemons, taste rating, material cost, total profit)b. Chair manufacturing (wood type, saw type, stylistic appeal, waste, profit)c. Chip
Which of the following consistutes an ordered list of two input variables, an intermediate variable, and an output variable?a. Lemonade stand (% sugar, % lemons, taste, profit)b. Shoe sales (comfort rating, material, color, shoe sizes)c. Sandwich making for lunch (peanut butter, jelly, weight,
According to the text, which of the following is true of subsystems?a. They cannot share an input and an output with a major system.b. They are contained systems within a larger system.c. The subsystem concept is not relevant to the derivation of project charters.d. All of the above are true.e.
According to the text, which of the following is true of six sigma projects?a. Projects often proceed to the measure phase with no predicted savings.b. Before the define phase ends, the project’s participants are agreed upon.c. Project goals and target completion dates are generally part of
In two sentences, critique the SOP in Table 2.5. What might be unclear to an operator trying to follow it?
In two sentences, critique the SOP in Table 2.3. What might be unclear to an operator trying to follow it?
Write an example of a measurement SOP for a problem in your life.
Write an example of a manufacturing SOP for a problem in your life.
Which of the following is true about measurement SOPs?a. They take the same format at all organizations for all applications.b. They are always written using dimensionless units.c. The same procedure can be documented in different ways.d. Answers in parts “a” and “b” are both correct.e.
Which of the following is true about measurement SOPs?a. They are sometimes made up by engineers who do not know the implications.b. They describe how to make products that conform to specifications.c. They can be evaluated using gauge R&R.d. Answers in parts “a” and “b” are both correct.e.
Which of the following is true about manufacturing SOPs?a. They are sometimes made up by engineers who do not know the implications.b. According to the text, the most important criterion for SOPs is conciseness.c. They cannot contain quality characteristics and specification limits.d. Answers in
Which of the following is true about manufacturing SOPs?a. They take the same format for all organizations and all applications.b. They can be evaluated using SPC charting in some cases.c. They are always written using dimensionless units.d. Answers in parts “a” and “b” are both correct.e.
Propose an additional quality characteristic for the screw design in Figure 2.3 and give associated specification limits.
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