1. Why are some characteristics traditionally associated as feminine considered important for leadership?
2. Why might a lack of empathy create a significant disadvantage in leadership?
3. Describe ways in which Oprah Winfrey and John Mackey of Whole Foods demonstrate strong leadership characteristics.

In the past, successful leadership has often been associated with authoritative traits such as decisiveness, resilience, and confidence. The leadership landscape has been changing. Recurring scandals involving leaders and the widespread use of technology has increased the need for leadership traits such as integrity. One study showed that traits increasingly desired in leaders include patience, flexibility, empathy, vulnerability, inclusiveness, generosity, and balance. While assertiveness and ambition—considered more masculine traits—remain important, leaders who have an emotional connection to their work, good listening skills, and generosity are now thought to be important for a successful firm. Leaders who exhibit these traits have been found to make more thoughtful decisions and have better relationships with their employees and customers.