a. A liquid-phase isomerization A → B is carried out in a 1000-gal CSTR that has a single impeller located halfway down the reactor. The liquid enters at the top of the reactor and exits at the bottom. The reaction is second order. Experimental data taken in a batch reactor predicted the CSTR conversion should be 50%. However, the conversion measured in the actual CSTR was 57%. Suggest reasons for the discrepancy and suggest something, for example, a model, that would give closer agreement between the predicted and measured conversions. Back your suggestions with calculations. P.S. It was raining very hard that day.

b. The liquid-phase reaction A → B was carried out in a CSTR. For an entering concentration of 2 mol/dm³, the conversion was 40%. For the same reactor volume and entering conditions as the CSTR, the expected PFR conversion is 48.6%. However, the PFR conversion was, amazingly, 52.6% exactly. Brainstorm reasons for the disparity. Quantitatively show how these conversions came about (i.e., the expected conversion and the actual conversion). Part (b) is C-level difficulty. #Really?

c. The gas-phase reaction A+B→C+D is carried out in a packed-bed reactor. When the particle size was decreased by 15%, the conversion remained unchanged. When the particle size was decreased by 20%, the conversion decreased. When the original particle size was increased by 15%, the conversion also decreased. In all cases, the temperature, the total catalyst weight, and all other conditions remained unchanged. What’s going on here?