Statistics A Tool For Social Research 9th Edition Joseph F Healey - Solutions

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16. Pygmalion was a mythical king of Cyprus who sculpted a figure of the ideal woman and then fell in love with his own creation. The Pygmalion effect in psychology refers to a situation where high expectations of a supervisor translates into improved performance by subordinates.A study was
15. The 1973 admission rates of men and women applying to graduate school in different departments of the University of California at Berkeley are as follows:(a) What are the overall admission rates of men and women applying to graduate programs at Berkeley?(b) UC Berkeley was actually sued for
14. A study is initiated to compare the effect of two levels of fertilization and two levels of watering on the yield per bushel for a variety of corn. One hundred bushels are to be grown under each of the four combinations of fertilization and watering.(a) How many populations are involved in this
13. The researcher mentioned in Exercise 7 proceeds to randomly assign a type of paint to each of the four locations.It is known that specific aspects of each location(e.g., traffic volume and road conditons) also affect the duration of the reflectivity of the paints. Comment on whether or not the
12. In the context of Exercise 2 part (e), the researcher proceeds to assign a different watering regimen to each of the three locations. Comment on whether or not the above allocation of treatments to units (root systems) will avoid confounding the effect of the watering levels with the location
11. Import the data on monthly online and catalog sales of a company into the R object oc using oc=read.table(”MonthlySalesOC.txt”, header=T).(a) Use R commands similar to those in Example 1.8-5 to construct a bar graph comparing the online and catalog volumes of sale.(b) Use R commands similar
10. Read the projected data on reasons why people in the Boston, MA, and Buffalo, NY, areas are late for work, found in ReasonsLateForWork2.txt, into the data frame lw using the read.table command given in Exercise 17 in Section 1.5. Then, use commands similar to those in Example 1.8-5 to construct
9. Wildlife conservation officials collected data on black bear weight during the period September to November.After sedation, the weight and gender (among other measurements) were obtained for a sample of 50 black bears. The data can be found in bearWeightgender.txt.21 Construct a comparative
8. The ignition times of two types of material used for children’s clothing are measured to the nearest hundredth of a second. The 25 measurements from material type A and 28 measurements from material type B are given in IgnitionTimesData.txt. Read the data into the data file ig and use the
7. The researcher in charge of the study described in Exercise 6 identifies four locations of the highway, and for each location she designates four sections of length six feet to serve as the experimental units on which the paints will be applied. It is known that specific aspects of each location
6. Rural roads with little or no evening lighting use reflective paint to mark the lanes on highways. It is suspected that the currently used paint does not maintain its reflectivity over long periods of time. Three new types of reflective paint are now available and a study is initiated to compare
5. For its new generation of airplanes, a commercial airline is considering three new designs of the control panel as possible alternatives to the current design with the aim of improving the pilot’s response time to emergency displays.Letting μ1 denote the mean pilot response time to simulated
4. An article reports on the results of a cloud-seeding experiment.20 The question of interest is whether cloud seeding with silver nitrate increases rainfall. Out of 52 clouds, 26 were randomly selected for seeding, with the remaining 26 serving as controls. The rainfall measurements, in
3. Aquantification of coastal water quality converts measurements on several pollutants (arsenic in oyster shells, mercury, etc.) to a water quality index with values from 1 to 10. An investigation into the after-clean-up water quality of a lake analyzes water samples collected from five areas
2. An experiment to assess the effect of watering on the life span of a certain type of root system incorporates three watering regimens.(a) How many populations involved in the study?(b) The population(s) involved is (are) hypothetical: True or false?(c) The variable of interest is qualitative:
1. An experiment is conducted to determine the optimal time and temperature combination for baking a cake.The response variable of interest is taste. Four batches of cake will be baked separately at each combination of baking times (25 and 30 minutes) and temperature settings(275oF, 300oF, and
4. Enter the solar intensity measurements of Exercise 1 into the R object si with si=read.table(”SolarIntensAu Data.txt”, header=T). Use R commands to(a) construct a boxplot of the solar intensity measurements, and(b) obtain the 30th, 60th, and 90th sample percentiles.
3. The site given in Exercise 2 also gives the reaction times of Robot 2. Use commands similar to those given in Exercise 2 to read the reaction times of Robot 2 into the vector t2.(a) Use the R command summary given in (1.7.2) to obtain the five number summary of this data set.(b) Use the R
2. Read the data on robot reaction times to simulated malfunctions into the data frame t by t=read.table(”RobotReactTime.txt”, header=T). Read the reaction times of Robot 1 into the vector t1 by attach(t); t1=Time[Robot==1], and sort the data (i.e., arrange it from smallest to largest) by
1. The following is a stem and leaf display of n = 40 solar intensity measurements (integers in watts/m2) on different days at a location in southern Australia. The(optional) first column of the stem and leaf plot contains a leaf count in a cumulative fashion from the top down to the stem that
16. The following data show the starting salaries, in $1000 per year, for a sample of 15 senior engineers:152 169 178 179 185 188 195 196 198 203 204 209 210 212 214(a) Assuming that the 15 senior engineers represent a simple random sample from the population of senior engineers, estimate the
15. Consider the sample X1 = 81.3001, X2 = 81.3015, X3 = 81.3006, X4 = 81.3011, X5 = 81.2997, X6 = 81.3005, X7 = 81.3021. Code the data by subtracting 81.2997 and multiplying by 10,000. Thus the coded data are 4, 18, 9, 14, 0, 8, 24. It is given that the sample variance of the coded data is S2 Y =
14. The noon-time temperature of seven randomly selected days of August in a coastal site of Spain gives x = 31Co and S = 1.5Co. The formula for converting a measurement in the Celsius scale to the Fahrenheit scale is Fo = 1.8Co +32. Find the sample mean and variance of the seven temperature
13. Consider a sample x1, . . . , xn from some statistical population, and let x, S2x, and Sx denote the sample mean, sample variance, and sample standard deviation.(a) Suppose that the xi values are coded to y1, . . . , yn, where yi = c1+xi, where c1 is a known constant. Show that the sample mean,
12. Consider a statistical population consisting of N values v1, . . . , vN, and let μv, σ2 v , σv denote the population mean value, variance, and standard deviation.(a) Suppose that the vi values are coded to w1, . . . ,wN, where wi = c1 + vi, where c1 is a known constant.Show that the mean
11. A random sample of 5 cars of type A that were test driven yielded the following gas mileage on the highway:29.1, 29.6, 30, 30.5, 30.8. A random sample of 5 cars of type B yielded the following gas mileage when test driven under similar conditions: 21, 26, 30, 35, 38.(a) For each type of car,
10. Setting 1 for Heads and 0 for Tails, the outcome X of a flip of a coin can be thought of as resulting from a simple random selection of one number from {0, 1}.(a) Compute the variance σ2X of X.(b) The possible samples of size two, taken with replacement from the population {0, 1}, are{0, 0},
9. The outcome of a roll of a die is a random variable X that can be thought of as resulting from a simple random selection of one number from 1, . . . , 6.(a) Compute μX and σ2X, either by hand or usingR.(b) Select a sample of size 100 with replacement from the finite population 1, . . . , 6,
8. Set the statistical population of Exercise 7 in the R object (vector) x by x=c(rep(0, 190), rep(1, 160), rep(2, 150)).(a) The R commands y=sample(x, 100); table(y)/100 select a sample of size n = 100 and compute the proportions for the three categories. Repeat these commands a total of five
7. Refer to Exercise 1 in Section 1.4.(a) For the statistical population corresponding to the number of scratches of the 500 tin plates described in the exercise (N0 = 190 0’s, N1 = 160 1’s and N2 = 150 2’s), find the population mean, the population variance, and the population standard
6. Use R commands to obtain a simple random sample of size 50 from the statistical population of productivity ratings given in Example 1.6-3, and calculate the sample mean and sample variance. Repeat this for a total of five times, and report the five pairs of (x, S2).
5. Refer to Example 1.6-3.(a) Use the information on the statistical population of productivity ratings given in the example to calculate the population variance and standard deviation.(b) Use the sample of 10 productivity ratings given in the example to calculate the sample variance and standard
4. Use cs=read.table(”Concr.Strength.1s.Data.txt”, header=T) to read into the R object cs data on 28-day compressive-strength measurements of concrete cylinders using water/cement ratio 0.4 (see footnote 5 in Exercise 1 in Section 1.5). Then use the commands attach(cs); sum(Str =
3. A data set of 14 ozone measurements (Dobson units)taken at different times from the lower stratosphere, between 9 and 12 miles (15 and 20 km) altitude, can be found in OzoneData.txt. What proportion of these measurements falls below 250? What does this sample proportion estimate?
2. In its year 2000 census, the United States Census Bureau found that the average number of children of all married couples is 2.3 with a standard deviation of 1.6.(a) The correct notation is for the number 2.3 is (choose one): (i) x, (ii)μ.(b) The correct notation is for the number 1.6 is
1. Apolling organization samples 1000 adults nationwide and finds that the average duration of daily exercise is 37 minutes with a standard deviation of 18 minutes.(a) The correct notation is for the number 37 is (choose one): (i) x, (ii)μ.(b) The correct notation is for the number 18 is (choose
Use R to obtain five samples of size 50 from the statistical population given in Example 1.6-6, and to compute the sample variance for each sample.
(a) Find the variance and standard deviation of the statistical population vi = 0, i = 1, . . . , 24,000; vi = 1, i = 24,001, . . . , 60,000.corresponding to the 60,000 US citizens of voting age of Example 1.6-5.(b) Find the sample variance and standard deviation of the sample xi = 0, i = 1, . . .
A certain county has 60,000 US citizens of voting age, 36,000 of whom are in favor of expanding the use of solar energy. Of the 50 such citizens who are randomly selected in a statewide public opinion poll, 28 are in favor of expanding the use of solar energy.(a) Express the proportion of citizens
Use R to obtain five samples of size 10 from the population of 10,000 employees of Example 1.6-3 and to compute the sample mean for each sample.
A company of N = 10,000 employees initiates an employee productivity study in which the productivity of each employee is rated on a scale from 1 to 5. Suppose that 300 of the employees are rated 1, 700 are rated 2, 4000 are rated 3, 4000 are rated 4, and 1000 are rated 5. A pilot study into the
Use R to obtain five samples of size 1,000 from the population of 10,000 navigation systems of Example 1.6-1, and to compute the sample proportions for the two categories in each sample.
A car manufacturer receives a shipment of N = 10,000 navigation systems that are to be installed as a standard feature in the next line of luxury cars. Of concern is a type of satellite reception malfunction. N1 = 100 systems have this malfunction(category 1) and N2 = 9900 do not (category 2). For
17. Read the projected percents and reasons why people in the Boston area are late for work into the data frame lw using the command lw=read.table(”ReasonsLateForWork.txt”, sep=”,”, header=T).(a) Construct a bar graph and a pie chart for this data using the commands given in Section
16. Read the projected numbers and types of accidents of US residents age 16–24 years, found in AccidentTypes.txt, into the frame At using a command similar to that given in Exercise 7. Construct a bar graph and a pie chart for this data using the commands given in Section 1.5.3.
15. The R data set mtcars contains data on the weight, displacement, and mileage of cars. Use the commands library(scatterplot3d); attach(mtcars); scatterplot3d(wt, disp, mpg, pch=21, highlight.3d=T, type=”h”, box=T, main=” ”) for a variation of the 3D scatterplot. Repeat the command
14. Data from an article investigating the effect of auxin-cytokinin interaction on the organogenesis of haploid geranium callus can be found in AuxinKinetinWeight.txt.13 Read the data into the data frame Ac using a command similar to that given in Exercise 7, and use the commands given in Section
13. The R data set airquality contains daily ozone measurements, temperature, wind, solar radiation, month, and day. Use the command pairs(airquality[1:5]) to produce a scatterplot matrix for the first five variables of this data set, and answer the following questions:(a) Is it more likely to have
12. Read the projected data on the electricity consumed in an industrial plant in 30 consecutive 30-day periods, together with the average temperature and amount of production (in tons) into the data frame el using the commands given for Figure 1-9, Section 1.5.2, and use the commands given in the
11. Is rainfall volume a good predictor of runoff volume?Data from an article considering this question can be found in SoilRunOffData.txt.12 Read the data into the data frame Rv using a command similar to that given in the Exercise 7, and construct a basic scatterplot of the data using the
10. Data from an article reporting conductivity (μS/cm)measurements of surface water (X) and water in the sediment at the bank of a river (Y), taken at 10 points during winter, can be found in ToxAssesData.txt.11 Read the data into the data frame Cond using a command similar to that given in
9. Read the data on Robot reaction times to simulated malfunctions into the data frame t by t=read.table(”RobotReactTime.txt”, header=T). Copy the reaction times of Robot 1 into the vector t1 by attach(t); t1=Time[Robot==1]. Using the commands given in (1.5.1) do:(a) A basic histogram with a
8. Determining the age of trees is of interest to both individual land owners and to the Forest Service of the US Department of Agriculture. The simplest (though not the most reliable) way of determining the age of a tree is to use the relationship between a tree’s diameter at breast height
7. Read the data on the average stopping times (on a level, dry stretch of highway, free from loose material) of cars and trucks at various speeds into the data frame bd by bd=read.table(”SpeedStopCarTruck.txt”, header=T).Then, use commands similar to those for Figure 1-6, given in Section
6. Studies of the relationship between a vehicle’s speed and the braking distance have led to changes in speeding laws and car design. The R data set cars has braking distances for cars traveling at different speeds recorded in the 1920s. Use the commands attach(cars); plot(speed, dist) to
5. Import the bear measurements data into the R data frame br as described in Section 1.5.2, and use the command scatterplot3d(br[6:8], pch=21, bg=c(”red”,”green”)[unclass(br$Sex)])for a 3D scatterplot of neck girth, chest girth, and weight with gender identification.10
4. The data in Temp.Long.Lat.txt give the average(over the years 1931 to 1960) daily minimum January temperature in degrees Fahrenheit with the latitude and longitude of 56 US cities.9(a) Construct a scatterplot matrix of the data. Does longitude or latitude appear to be the better predictor of a
3. Use the commands attach(faithful); plot(waiting, eruptions)to produce a scatterplot of the Old Faithful data on eruption duration against waiting time before eruption.Comment on the relationship between waiting time before eruption and eruption duration.
2. Use the commands attach(faithful); hist(waiting);stem(waiting) to produce a basic histogram of the Old Faithful data on waiting times before eruptions, and the corresponding stem and leaf plot. Is the shape of the stem and leaf plot similar to that of the histogram?Next, use commands similar to
1. Use cs=read.table(”Concr.Strength.1s.Data.txt”, header =T) to read into the R object cs data on 28-day compressive-strength measurements of concrete cylinders using water/cement ratio 0.4.8 Then use the commands attach(cs); hist(Str, freq=FALSE);lines(density(Str)); stem(Str) to produce a
5. A car manufacturing company that makes three different types of cars wants information about customer satisfaction for cars sold during the previous year. Each customer is asked for the type of car he or she bought last year and to rate his or her level of satisfaction on a scale from 1–6.(a)
4. In Exercise 4 in Section 1.2, a consumer magazine article reports that the air quality, as quantified by the degree of staleness, was measured on 175 domestic flights.(a) Identify the variable of interest and the statistical population.(b) Is the variable of interest quantitative or
3. At the final assembly point of BMW cars in Graz, Austria, the car’s engine and transmission arrive from Germany and France, respectively. A quality control inspector, visiting for the day, selects a simple random sample of n cars from the N cars available for inspection, and records the total
2. Consider the following examples of populations, together with the variable/characteristic measured on each population unit.(a) All undergraduate students currently enrolled at PSU.Variable: major.(b) All campus restaurants. Variable: seating capacity.(c) All books in Penn State libraries.
1. In a population of 500 tin plates, the number of plates with 0, 1, and 2 scratches is N0 = 190, N1 = 160, and N2 = 150.(a) Identify the variable of interest and the statistical population.(b) Is the variable of interest quantitative or qualitative?(c) Is the variable of interest univariate,
6. A service agency wishes to assess its clients’ views on quality of service over the past year. Computer records identify 1000 clients over the past 12 months, and a decision is made to select 100 clients to survey.
5. A distributor has just received a shipment of 90 drain pipes from a major manufacturer of such pipes. The distributor wishes to select a sample of size 5 to carefully inspect for defects. Describe a method for obtaining a simple random sample of 5 pipes from the shipment of 90 pipes. Use R to
4. In the Macworld Conference Expo Keynote Address on January 9, 2007, Steve Jobs announced a new product, the iPhone. A technology consultant for a consumer magazine wants to select 15 devices from the pilot lot of 70 iPhones to inspect feature coordination. Describe a method for obtaining a
3. A civil engineering student, working on his thesis, plans a survey to determine the proportion of all current drivers in his university town that regularly use their seat belt. He decides to interview his classmates in the three classes he is currently enrolled.(a) What is the population of
2. A type of universal remote for home theater systems is manufactured in three distinct locations. Twenty percent of the remotes are manufactured in location A, 50%in location B, and 30% in location C. The quality control team (QCT) wants to inspect a simple random sample(SRS) of 100 remotes to
1. The person designing the study of Exercise 5 in Section 1.2, aimed at determining the didactic benefits of computer activities, can make one of the two choices:(i) make sure that the students know which of the two sections will be taught with computer activities, so they can make an informed
5. In an effort to determine the didactic benefits of computer activities when used as an integral part of a statistics course for engineers, one section is taught using the traditional method, while another is taught with computer activities. At the end of the semester, each student’s score on
4. A consumer magazine article titled “How Safe Is the Air in Airplanes” reports that the air quality, as quantified by the degree of staleness, was measured on 175 domestic flights.(a) Identify the population of interest.(b) Identify the sample.(c) What is the characteristic of interest?
3. An automobile assembly line is manned by two shifts a day. The first shift accounts for two-thirds of the overall production. Quality control engineers want to compare the average number of nonconformances per car in each of the two shifts.(a) Describe the population(s) involved.(b) Is (are) the
2. A field experiment is conducted to compare the yield of three varieties of corn used for biofuel. Each variety will be planted on 10 randomly selected plots and the yield will be measured at the time of harvest.(a) Describe the population(s) involved.(b) What is the characteristic of
1. A car manufacturer wants to assess customer satisfaction for cars sold during the previous year.(a) Describe the population involved.(b) Is the population involved hypothetical or not?
The scores on four variables for 20 individuals are reported here: hours of TV (average number of hours of TV viewing each day), occupational prestige (higher scores indicate greater prestige), number of children, and age. Take TV viewing as the dependent variable and select two of the remaining
Problem 14.8 presented per capita expenditures on education for 15 states, along with rank on income per capita and the percentage of the population that has graduated from high school. The data are reproduced here.Take per capita expenditures as the dependent variable.a. Compute beta-weights for
Twelve families have been referred to a counselor, and she has rated each of them on a cohesiveness scale. Also, she has information on family income and number of children currently living at home. Take family cohesion as the dependent variable.a. Find the multiple regression equations
Problem 14.4 presented data on 10 precincts.The information is reproduced here.Take voter turnout as the dependent variable and do the following:a. Find the multiple regression equations (unstandardized).b. What turnout would you expect for a precinct in which 0% of the voters were Democrats and
In problem 14.5, crime and population data were presented for each of 10 states. The data are reproduced here.a. Compute the partial correlation coefficient for the relationship between strife (Y) and unemployment (X) while controlling for the effect of urbanization (Z). What effect does this have
Data on civil strife (number of incidents), unemployment, and urbanization have been gathered for 10 nations. Take civil strife as the dependent variable. Compute the zero-order correlations among all three variables.
A scale measuring support for increases in the national defense budget has been administered to a sample. The respondents have also been asked to indicate how many years of school they have completed and how many years, if any, they served in the military. Take “support” as the dependent
In problem 14.1, data regarding voter turnout in five cities was presented. For the sake of convenience, the data for three of the variables are presented again here along with descriptive statistics and zero-order correlations.PS unemployment direct? (HINT: Use Formula 16.1 and see Section
Are attitudes about homosexuality related to age? Does the relationship vary by nation? The bivariate relationship between age and approval of homosexuality are presented for Canada and the United States, along with the bivariate gammas. For both nations, there is a weak, negative relationship.
In problem 13.14, we investigated the relationships between income and five dependent variables. Let’s return to two of those relationships and see if sex has any effect on the bivariate relationships. The bivariate and partial tables are presented here along with the bivariate gammas that were
What are the social sources of support for the environmental movement? A recent survey gathered information on level of concern for such issues as global warming and acid rain. Is concern for the environment related to level of education? What effects do the control variables have? Write a
A job-training center is trying to justify its existence to its funding agency. To this end, data on four variables have been collected for each of the 403 trainees served over the past three years:(1) whether or not the trainee completed the program, (2) whether or not the trainee got and held a
Is there a relationship between attitudes on sexuality and age? Are older people more conservative with respect to questions of sexual morality?A national sample of 925 respondents has been questioned about attitudes on premarital sex. Responses have been collapsed into two categories: those who
Do long-term patients in mental health facilities become more withdrawn and reclusive over time?A sample of 608 institutionalized patients was rated by a standard “reality orientation scale.” Is there a relationship with length of institutionalization? Does gender have any effect on the
Data on suicide rates, age structure, and unemployment rates have been gathered for 100 census tracts. Suicide and unemployment rates have been dichotomized at the median so that each tract could be rated as high or low. Age structure is measured in terms of the percentage of the population age 65
Problem 13.1 concerned the assimilation of a small sample of immigrants. One table showed the relationship between length of residence in the United States and facility with the English language:SOC bivariate relationship for Asian and Hispanic immigrants:A. Asian Immigrants Length of Residence
Fifteen individuals were randomly selected from the respondents to a public opinion survey, and their scores are reproduced here.a. Calculate Pearson’s r for age (X) and four dependent variables (Y’s): prestige, number of children, support for abortion, and hours of TV watching.b. Calculate
The following table presents the scores of 15 states on three variables. Compute r and r2 for each combination of variables. Assume that these 15 states are a random sample of all states, and test the correlations for their significance. Write a paragraph interpreting the relationship among these
The basketball coach at a small local college believes that his team plays better and scores more points in front of larger crowds. The number of points scored and attendance for all home games last season are reported here. Do these data support the coach’s argument?
The table below presents the scores of 10 states on each of six variables—three measures of criminal activity as dependent variables and three possible independent variables: unemployment rate, population density, and population growth rate.Crime rates are number of incidents per 100,000
Data on three variables have been collected for 15 nations. The variables are fertility rate (average number of children born to each woman), education for females (expressed as a percentage of all students at the secondary level who are female), and percent of married women ages 15–49 using all
The following variables were collected for a random sample of 10 precincts during the last national election. Draw scattergrams and compute r and r2 for each combination of variables and test the correlations for their significance. Write a paragraph interpreting the relationship between these
The residents of a housing development for senior citizens have completed a survey in which they indicated how physically active they are and how many visitors they receive each week. Are these two variables related for the 10 cases reported here? Draw a scattergram and compute r and r2. Find the
Occupational prestige scores for a sample of fathers and their oldest son and oldest daughter are presented below.Analyze the relationship between father’s and son’s prestige and the relationship between father’s and daughter’s prestige. For each relationship:a. Draw a scattergram and a

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Statistics A Tool For Social Research 9th Edition Joseph F Healey - Solutions

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