Questions and Answers of Computer System Architecture

A data communication link employs the character-controlled protocol with data transparency using the DLE character. The text message that the transmitter sends between STX and ETX is as follows: DLE
What is the minimum number of bits that a frame must have in the bit-oriented protocol?
Show how the zero insertion works in the bit-oriented protocol when a zero followed by the 10 bits that represent the binary equivalent of 1023 are transmitted.
a. How many 128 x 8 RAM chips are needed to provide a memory capacity of 2048 bytes? b. How many lines of the address bus must be used to access 2048 bytes of memory? How many of these lines will be
Extend the memory system of Fig. 12-4 to 4096 bytes of RAM and 4096 bytes of ROM. List the memory-address map and indicate what size decoders are needed.Fig. 12-4 16-11 Address
A ROM chip of 1024 x 8 bits has four select inputs and operates from a 5-volt power supply. How many pins are needed for the IC package? Draw a block diagram and label all input and output terminals
A computer employs RAM chips of 256 x 8 and ROM chips of 1024 x 8. The computer system needs 2K bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of ROM, and four interface units, each with four registers. A memory-mapped I/O
What is the transfer rate of an eight-track magnetic tape whose speed is 120 inches per second and whose density is 1600 bits per inch?
Obtain the complement function for the match logic of one word in an associative memory. In other words, show that M'i is the sum of exclusive-OR functions. Draw the logic diagram for M'i and
Obtain the Boolean function for the match logic of one word in an associative memory taking into consideration a tag bit that indicates whether the word is active or inactive.
a. Draw the logic diagram of all the cells of one word in an associative memory. Include the read and write logic of Fig. 12-8 and the match logic of Fig. 12-9. Fig. 12-8Fig. 12-9b. Draw the logic
What additional logic is required to give a no-match result for a word in an associative memory when all key bits are zeros?
A virtual memory has a page size of 1K words. There are eight pages and four blocks. The associative memory page table contains the following entries:Make a list of all virtual addresses (in decimal)
A virtual memory system has an address space of 8K words, a memory space of 4K words, and page and block sizes of 1K words (see Fig. 12-18). The following page reference changes occur during a given
Determine the two logical addresses from Fig. 12-24(a) that will access physical memory at hexadecimal address 012AF.Fig. 12-24(a) 0 6 F Segment table 35 A3 6 Logical address (in
The logical address space in a computer system consists of 128 segments. Each segment can have up to 32 pages of 4K words in each. Physical memory consists of 4K blocks of 4K words in each. Formulate
Three types of switches are used to design a multistage interconnection network: an interchange switch with two inputs and two outputs as in Fig. 13-6, an arbitration switch with two inputs and one
Construct a diagram for a 4 x 4 omega switching network. Show the switch setting required to connect input 3 to output 1.
Draw a logic diagram using gates and flip-flops showing the circuit of one bus arbiter stage in the daisy-chain arbitration scheme of Fig. 13-10.Fig. 13-10 PI Highest priority Bus PO arbiter
The bus controlled by the parallel arbitration logic shown in Fig. 13-11 is initially idle. Devices 2 and 3 then request the bus at the same time. Specify the input and output binary values in the
Draw a diagram showing the structure of a four-dimensional hypercube network. List all the paths available from node 7 to node 9 that use the minimum number of intermediate nodes.
Show how the arbitration logic of Fig. 13-10 can be modified to provide a rotating daisy-chain arbitration procedure. Explain how the priority is deter- mined once the bus line is disabled. Fig.
Consider a bus topology in which two processors communicate through a buffer in shared memory. When one processor wishes to communicate with the other processor it puts the information in the memory
Describe the following terminology associated with multiprocessors. (a) Mutual exclusion; (b) Critical section; (c) Hardware lock; (d) Semaphore; (e) Test-and-set instruction.
What is cache coherence, and why is it important in shared-memory multi-processor systems? How can the problem be resolved with a snoopy cache controller?
Suppose that the wire breaks between the switch in the first row, second column and the switch in the second row, third column in the omega switching network of Fig. 13-8. What paths will be
The 8 x 8 omega switching network of Fig. 13-8 has three stages with four switches in each stage, for a total of 12 switches. How many stages and switches per stage are needed in an n x n omega
What is the purpose of the system bus controller shown in Fig. 13-2? Explain how the system can be designed to distinguish between references to local memory and references to common shared
How many switch points are there in a crossbar switch network that connects p processors to m memory modules?
Discuss the difference between tightly coupled multiprocessors and loosely coupled multiprocessors from the viewpoint of hardware organization and programming techniques.
Give the binary number of the logical address formulated in Prob. 12-23 for segment 36 and word number 2000 in page 15.Prob. 12-23The logical address space in a computer system consists of 128

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