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computer science
systems analysis and design 12th

Questions and Answers of Systems Analysis And Design 12th

How do actors and objects fit in a sequence diagram?
Why is dynamic modeling based on objects, but not classes?
Explain the following pairs in relation to each other:a. Method and operationb. Event and state.c. Interaction and message.
What are the main differences between sequence and collaboration diagrams? When would you use each?
Explain events and their importance in dynamic modeling.
Explain the significance of “collection class” and provide two examples.
Refer to Figure 8, the sequence diagram for the Make Appointment use case. Three spaces are identified in this diagram. Explain the significance of each.
Discuss how a collaboration diagram represents the organization of objects that must cooperate to reach an objective.
What are the components of a statechart diagram?
What is the significance of a statechart diagram?
Briefly describe how development moves from conceptual modeling to logical and physical designs. Provide one example for a non-IS product and one for an IS product.
Compare the objectives of a product to its features.
Identify objectives and solution features for the following products:a. An ATM.b. An accounting information system.c. A carwash.d. A car.
Briefly describe the role of technology in conceptual, logical, and physical modeling.
What is the role of domain analysis in designing a product?
Briefly describe design classes: utility, control, and boundary. How do they differ from “entity” classes?
How can we use packaging to structure modeling artifacts?
Explain the three types of visibility for package elements:public, private, and protected.
When should we use packaging? Discuss its pros and cons.
Describe the significance of constraints and how they relate to business rules.
Explain the statement that “applications are solutions to information needs.” Provide examples to make your point.
How do sequence diagrams for design differ from those for analysis? In which one do boundary objects appear? Why?
Explain the role of interface in encapsulation. Provide examples.
Describe the concept of the life cycle object, how it relates to collection objects, and give an example of a life cycle class with appropriate attributes.
How does the application flow handle nonfunctional requirements? Give an example.
Describe the difference between concrete and abstract classes and give an example for each.
Explain, through an example, how methods can be derived from messages.
Explain parameters and return values in the framework of messages. Provide examples.
How do we apply structural modeling to design?
How do we use the requirement of design to define messages and methods?
Explain why the “user interface is primarily an interpreter.” Can you provide examples?
What is the role of navigation in user interface?
What are the characteristics and advantages of the graphical user interface (GUI)?
Explain the role of polymorphism in the user interface.
In interface design, what role do patterns play (or what role should they play)? Provide an example for patterns when you use an ATM to withdraw cash.
What is consistency in user interface design? What problems might lack of consistency cause?
Comment on the statement that the “essential purpose of the user interface is to enable the user and the system to exchange messages.” Provide two examples.
What are some constraints in user interface design?
Relate multiplicity, aggregation, and generalization to designing user interface classes. Provide examples.
Draw a storyboard for registering students online.
Distinguish the following data as discrete or continuous. Explain why.a. Temperature.b. Speed.c. Number of orders.d. Age.e. Weight.f. Price.g. Count.
Distinguish the following data as qualitative and quantitative. Explain why.a. Social Security Number.b. Zip Code.c. Degree of job satisfaction.d. Price.e. Age.f. Effectiveness.g. Compatibility.
Compare distributed databases to database servers.
What does “integrity” mean in the context of data management?
Provide examples for sequential access, both real and virtual.
Briefly explain the main differences among hierarchical, network, and relational databases.
Describe object-relational mapping. What are the required steps?
Describe primary and foreign keys. How do they differ?
How is the concept of encapsulation applied to database management?
Describe triggers. Discuss their advantages and disadvantages.
Explain the difference between physical and logical schemas.
Discuss why, in a relational database, first normal form is necessary. Is it sufficient to reduce redundancy? Why?
How do we map inheritance to a relational database? Describe the roles of primary and foreign keys in mapping.
Define patterns, methodologies, and recipes and give an example for each.
How do patterns relate to reuse?
What activities in software development can benefit from applying patterns?
How can you ensure that a pattern provides the correct solution for your problem?
How do architectural patterns differ from structural patterns? Provide examples.
The Object Adapter pattern has great potential for design. Provide examples.
Explain the difference between design, analysis, and patterns.
Define dynamic object types. Besides the example in this chapter, can you think of other situations where we would encounter them?
Define anti-patterns, functional decomposition and the relationship between them.
What are some of symptoms of Functional Decompositions?
Explain the significance of components in the context of object-oriented development.
How does component-based development help reuse?
Why can patterns be labeled “experienced reuse”?
How does the concept of inheritance relate to component-based development?
Compare horizontal and vertical software system developments. Which one makes use of components?
Describe multiple interfaces and explain why or when they are needed.
Compare and contrast components to objects.
Describe the differences between “black box” and “white box” component modeling.
Describe situations in which an organization should buy rather than build software components.
How should we test components?
Architecture is defined from two perspectives: the product itself and the development of the product. Compare the two definitions.
How does architecture relate to design?
How and why does the architecture of the information system differ from software architecture?
What is the relationship of technology to the information system architecture?
Provide an example of centralized information system architecture.
Define distributed information system architecture and provide an example.
What is service-oriented architecture? How does SOA help the flexibility of an information system?
Provide examples of Web services and discuss the contribution of Web services to the efficiency of information systems.
Compare and explain vertical and horizontal layers in application architecture.
Discuss how we should handle “business rules” in the architecture of an information system.
When can we, or should we, start implementation?
What are the major activities of implementation? How do they relate to each other?
Some might say that coding is not as important as analysis or design since programming errors can be identified and corrected easily. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
Do we need coding standards even if they make no difference to the functionality of software?
Compare and contrast assemblers, compilers, interpreters, and virtual machines.
Is technological excellence enough for choosing a programming language?
What roles do code review and testing play in quality assurance? Compare and contrast.
Why do we need different levels of testing? Can’t we just test the finished software?
Does object-oriented technology help or hinder testing?
Is the development life cycle over with deployment?
What is the difference between real objects and virtual objects? Give an example for each.
Give three specialized subclasses for the Student class.
Give a superclass for the following three classes:car, airplane, tank.
How do business classes differ from utility classes?Provide one example for each.
What is the difference between the operations of a class and its attributes?
How does encapsulation protect the object from an intruder?
Explain the difference between multiple and simple inheritance and provide one example of each.

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