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computer science
systems analysis and design 12th

Questions and Answers of Systems Analysis And Design 12th

What is object-oriented modeling? How does it differ from Unified Modeling Language (UML)?
What is the difference between object-oriented languages and UML?
Where is the place of UML in the process of software development?
Differentiate technology from methodology and from method. Can you come up with an example that differentiates these concepts in a specific context, perhaps software development?
Name activities in software development covered by various methodologies. Can you explain why more than one methodology is needed in developing a piece of software?
Name a major difference between software development life cycle methodologies and ad hoc approaches to developing a software product.
In using an ad hoc approach, do we apply project management principles to software development? Elaborate on your answer.
Using the software development life cycle approach, do we apply project management principles to software development? Elaborate on your answer.
Compare and contrast prototyping and the incremental and iterative approach to software development.
How do you manage risk in the Spiral Model?
Explain the four phases of the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology. How do they differ from the “traditional” SDLC approach?
Name the strongest benefit and the greatest weakness of “agile” development methodologies.
What are the advantages and weaknesses of the CMM (Capability Maturity Model) approach?
What are the factors that shape software modeling?
What are the four concepts that are essential to the extended object-oriented approach to software development?
Define project management principles in the context of software development.
What are the deliverables and milestones of a software development project?
Can the project manager and the systems analyst be the same? Explain your answer.
Why do we need to gather requirements?
Explain the difference between requirements discovery and requirements gathering in general. Provide an example that clarifies the distinction between the two.
Comment on the following: An information system is a product.
When is the best time to gather requirements about a product?
Define requirements.
Give some examples of requirements where they define both objectives and constraints.
Provide examples of simple and complex requirements.
Identify requirement categories.
Provide three examples for open-ended and closed questions.
What is the difference between domain definition and domain dictionary? Give an example for each.
Define business roles and give three examples for a bank.
Write requirements for the following products and services:a. Computer.b. Airplane.c. Food Processor.d. Online Bankinge. Life Insurance.f. Party Planning.
What are the characteristics of business domains?Explain them in the context of a specific business.
Define “derived” domain. Could an information system be a derived domain? Explain.
Distinguish between logical and physical models.a. Which one comes first?b. Where do conceptual models fit?
Create a domain dictionary for an ATM system.
Identify three business rules for an ATM system.
Identify three objects for an ATM system.
Identify three functions for an ATM system.
Define what use case modeling is and is not.
Explain the steps for the discovery of use cases.
Define the difference between process and function and provide an example.
Identify the four components of a use case and how they affect each other.
Explain the difference betweena. Actors and stakeholders.b. Primary and supporting actors.
Match the following concepts: goal, process, function, scenario, business system, information system, grocery store, check-out system, actors, role.
What are the basic elements of a use case diagram?
Describe normal flow, sub-flow, and alternate flow. How do they differ?
What is the difference between alternate and exception flows?
What is the use of a context diagram?
How do we discover business activities?
How is the name of a use case determined?
Why does a use case need a unique, numeric identifier?
Why should we assign priority to use cases?
Is the initiator of a use case the same as the primary actor? Explain.
What should we do if there is more than one primary actor for the use case?
Explain precondition and post-condition by examples.
Explain the difference between trigger and precondition.
Comment on the statement “normal flow is the best-case scenario.”
When do we use sub-flows?
What we do if there are too many steps in a normal flow?
Provide an example for actor generalization. What is the significance of generalizing or specializing actors?
Provide an example for use case generalization. What is its significance?
What are the differences between “extend” and “include” use cases?
Could an “extend” use case have a primary actor? Explain.
Could an “extend” use case have a secondary actor? Explain.
Could an “include” use case have a primary actor? Explain.
Could an “include” use case have a secondary actor? Explain.
Could an “include” use case have an extend use case? Explain by providing an example.
Could an “extend” use case have an “include” use case? Explain.
Could an “include” use case have an “include” use case? Provide an example.
Explain briefly how you discover business classes and provide an example.
List and distinguish the three views of structural modeling in the context of an example.
How do you define structural modeling in an object-oriented approach?
How would you distinguish objects from classes? Provide an example.a. Comment on the statement: “A class is an abstraction of objects.”b. Comment on the statement: “A class is a template for
From where do classes originate?
To build an information system, which do you need to identify first, classes or objects?
Does structural modeling represent classes or objects?
How does encapsulation protect business rules from unauthorized access and manipulation?
How does an object’s interface relate to services that the object provides?
Comment on the statement: “Classes provide the containers and objects provide the contents.”
Why should operations be described by verbs?
What is “protected” visibility? Give an example.
Provide examples for composite and collection objects. How do they differ?
Responsibilities of an object define what they know and what they do. Provide an example for each.
How do you mine use cases to find classes?
What kind of responsibility (attribute or operation) are “personal data”? Explain.
Explain the difference between the Address and Addresses classes.
What is delegation? What is its significance in structural modeling?
What does a class diagram portray?
How does multiplicity relate to business rules?Give an example.
What is the difference between aggregation and composition? Give an example for each.
Explain why your university is considered a system. Give examples of other systems that you know.
Comment on the phrase “information system is an open system.”
How does a data management system differ from a communication system?
Give examples of information systems and automated information systems. How do they differ from each other?
What is the difference between business intelligence and artificial intelligence?
You are one of a large team of systems analysts and designers on an enterprise-level project that touches every part of your organization, both in its headquarters office and in regional offices
Now that you have completed the request for proposal in the preceding question, your next assignment is to plan the systems design please of this project. Using what you have read to date regarding
In mini case 3 of the previous chapter, you created a prototype for a government system. Exchange prototypes with another group (just as you did in mini case 4 of that chapter). This time, test each
Considering the application described in the preceding exercise, what changes would you make to the user interface screens to bring them into compliance with the human engineering guidelines
Under different illumination, the cell of Problem 8.4 delivers 5 A into a short circuit. The reverse saturation current is \(100 \mathrm{pA}\). Disregard any internal resistance of the photodiode.
For the logarithm \(g\) of the likelihood ratio defined in Eq. (9.36), \(e^{g}=\) \(\frac{p_{1}(x)}{p_{0}(x)}\). Define the moment generating function of \(g\) under Hypotheses \(H_{0}\) and

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