Questions and Answers of Analysis Synthesis And Design Of Chemical Processes

Refer to the formalin process in Appendix B.You have recently joined a chemical company. Among the chemicals that this company produces is methanol, mostly for internal consumption. A major use of
Delayed coking is an oil refinery process that takes a heavy oil fraction and heats it up to approximately $900^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\left(480^{\circ} \mathrm{C}ight)$ in a furnace. Upon leaving the
Study the distillation column in Figure P24.20(a), the stream information in Table P24.20, and the additional information. Use the pump/system curve information in Figure P24.20(b) as needed. It is
The distillate stream from a distillation column (flowrate $35 \mathrm{~m}^{3} / \mathrm{h}$, fluid has density of water) is recycled. The destination of the recycle stream is $3 \mathrm{~m}$
Develop five heuristics (not mentioned in this chapter) for ethical problem solving.
Develop a scenario of an ethical dilemma, and, in a small group, use a problem-solving strategy to analyze it.
Find the Process Safety Management regulation in the Code of Federal Regulations (29CFR1900.119), and write a two-page synopsis of it.
View the (24-minute) video "Gilbane Gold," National Society for Professional Engineers, 1989. Evaluate the actions taken by the plant manager, the production engineer, the environmental engineer, and
View the (two-hour) movie Acceptable Risks, ABC-TV productions, 1986. Evaluate the actions taken by the headquarters management, the plant manager, the production engineer, and the maintenance
Study the student code of conduct (sometimes referred to as the honor code, the definition of academic dishonesty, or the students' rights and responsibilities) at your institution. Develop a
The NCEES Rules of Professional Conduct (in the FE Supplied-Reference Handbook) was developed as a model code to be accepted by or modified by the individual state boards of professional engineers.
Find an MSDS for each of the components listed in the HDA process.
In turn, each group member describes the last homework assignment submitted, sharing the strategy used to solve the problem. The assignment chosen should have been done individually. After each
Within the context of a group design project, meet to discuss and plan task differentiation. When the plan is complete, answer the following questions:a. What happens if one of the group members
What do the following symbols (as seen on a P\&ID) indicate? (a) (b) PS TT TIC
Determine all the errors in the section of a P\&ID shown in Figure P1.24.Figure P1.24 2" sch 40 CS V-302 2" Sch 40 CS P-401 LE LT PAL (LAH) 4" sch 40 CS P-402 (LIC) 3 LY To wastewater treatment
What is a flow shop plant?
What is a job shop plant?
The ethylbenzene process shown in Figure B.2.1, Appendix BFigure B.2.1 V-301 H301 A-301/2/3 E-3012 R-304 E-303 E34 E36 V-302 T-301 E306 E-307 V-503 P302AB 1-302 E308 E-300 V-304 P-303 AB Berzene Feed
The styrene production facility shown in Figure B.3.1, Appendix BFigure B.3.1 R-401 R-402 E-403 E-404 E-405 V-401 C-4011 P-401a/b Styrene Styrene Product Product Product Three Compressor Waste
The drying oil production facility shown in Figure B.4.1, Appendix BFigure B.4.1 V60 Recycle Feed Mirg Purp Vosse P-501 A/B H-501 R-501 E-601 Feed Drying Reactor Eluent Fired O Heater Reactor Cooler
The maleic anhydride production process shown in Figure B.5.1, Appendix BFigure B.5.1 V-601 C-601 Benzene Inlet Air P-601A/B E-601 H-601 P-602 A/B E-602 R-601 P-603A/B E-603 T-601 E-604 V-602 Benzene
The ethylene oxide anhydride production process shown in Figure B.6.1, Appendix BFigure B.6.1 C-701 E-701 C-703 Air Inter- Air Compressor cooler Compressor C-702 Air E-702 E-703 Inter- Reactor
The formalin production process shown in Figure B.7.1, Appendix B Identify the main recycle and bypass streams for the following:Figure B.7.1 P-801 A/B C-801 Feed Air Methanol E-801 E-802 R-801
The styrene production facility shown in Figure B.3.1, Appendix BFigure B.3.1 R-401 R-402 E-403 E-404 E-405 V-401 C-401 Styrene Styrene Product Product Product Three Compressor Waste Reactor Reactor
The drying oil production facility shown in Figure B.4.1, Appendix BFigure B.4.1 P-301 AB H-501 R-501 E-501 Feed Orying Reactor Fired Efluent Heator Reactor Cooler Recycle Feed Pump Mirg Vessel
The maleic anhydride production process shown in Figure B.5.1, Appendix B Write a process description for the following:Figure B.5.1 V-601 C-601 Benzene Inlet Air Feed Drum Compressor Feed Pumpe
The ethylbenzene process shown in Figure B.2.1, Appendix BFigure B.2.1 V-301 H301 A-301/2/3 E-30122 A-304 E303 E-304 305 V302 T-301 E-307 V-303 P302AB TO00 E-308 E: 300 V-304 P-303 AB Benzene Feed
The drying oil production facility shown in Figure B.4.1, Appendix BFigure B.4.1 V501 P-301 AB H-501 R-501 E-501 Recycle Feed Food Drying Reactor Fired OF Efuent Heator Reactor Cooler Mirg Purp Veas
The ethylene oxide production facility shown in Figure B.6.1, Appendix BFigure B.6.1 C-701 Air E-701 C-703 Inter Air Compressor cooler Compressor C-702 Air E-702 E-703 Inter- Compressor cooler
A process vessel was purchased in the United Kingdom for our plant in the United States in 1993. A similar vessel, but of different capacity, was purchased in 1998. From the data given below,
A distillation column is initially designed to separate a mixture of toluene and xylene at around ambient temperature (say, $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ) and pressure (say, 1 barg). The column has 20
A column with similar dimensions, number of trays, and operating at the same conditions as given in Problem 7. 19 is to be used to separate a mixture containing the following chemicals. For each case
Toluene hydrodealkylation plant described in Chapter 1 (see Figures 1.3 and 1. 5 and Tables 1. 5 and 1. 7)Figure 1.3Figure 1.5Table 1.5Table 1.7 V-101 E-101 P-101A/B Toluene Toluene Food Storage Feed
Ethylbenzene plant described in Appendix B, Project B. 2Data from Project B.2 The majority of ethylbenzene (EB) processes produce EB for internal consumption within a coupled process that produces
Styrene plant described in Appendix B, Project B. 3Data from Project B.3 Styrene is the monomer used to make polystyrene, which has a multitude of uses, the most common of which are in packaging and
Drying oil plant described in Appendix B, Project B. 4Data from project B.4 Drying oils are used as additives to paints and varnishes to aid in the drying process when these products are applied to
Maleic anhydride plant described in Appendix B, Project B. 5Data from project B.5 Currently, the preferred route to maleic anhydride in the United States is via isobutene in fluidized- bed reactors.
Ethylene oxide plant described in Appendix B, Project B. 6Data from project B.6 Ethylene oxide is a chemical used to make ethylene glycol (the primary ingredient in antifreeze). It is also used to
Formalin plant described in Appendix B, Project B. 7Data from project B.7 Formalin is a 37 wt% solution of formaldehyde in water. Formaldehyde and urea are used to make urea-formaldehyde resins that
The current value of the Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index (CEPCI) is 485. If at the same time next year the value has risen to 525 , what will be the average inflation rate for the year?
An IRA is an investment vehicle available to most individuals to save for retirement. The benefit is that the interest is not taxed until you withdraw money, and most retirees are in a lower tax
In Problem 9.31, the net revenue figures were generated using a taxation rate of $45 \%$ and a straight-line depreciation over the eight-year project. Calculate the yearly net revenues if the
Repeat Problem 10. 8 using a straight-line depreciation method over 7 years. Compare the results with those obtained in Problem 10.8. Which depreciation method would you use?Data from problem
The after-tax cash flows for a new chemical process are shown in Table P10.12. Using these data, calculate the following:a. Payback period (PBP)b. Cumulative cash position (CCP) and cumulative cash
As noted in Section 13.5, the results provided for the toluene hydrodealkylation process are based on the SRK model for both enthalpy and phase equilibria. Simulate the benzene column (T-101) with
Consider the determination of the optimal cycle time for a batch reactor similar to that covered in Example 14. 7. Repeat the analysis using the following parameters:Example 14.7 V=7m Co= 3 knolim*
Consider the problem given in Example 14. 7 for the case when the reaction is $2 \mathrm{~A} ightarrow \mathrm{B}$ and the reaction is second order with respect to A. Derive an expression, similar
For a new process, the following process streams must be cooled or heated:Use the MUMNE algorithm for heat-exchanger networks and a minimum approach temperature of $10^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$.a.
In a process design, the following process streams must be cooled or heated:There is an additional constraint that the only hot utility is steam at $205^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Use the MUMNE algorithm
In a process design, the following process streams must be cooled or heated:Use the MUMNE algorithm for heat-exchanger networks and a minimum approach temperature of $10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.a.
Consider the following process streams, all containing the same solute. The partition coefficient between both rich phases and the lean phase is 0. 5 (i.e., $y=0.5 x$ ).Synthesize the MUMNE
Consider the following process streams, all containing the same solute. The partition coefficient between both rich phases and the lean phase is 0. 5 (i.e., $y=0.5 x$ ).Synthesize the MUMNE
Consider the following process streams, all containing the same solute. The partition coefficient between both rich phases and the lean phase is 0. 667 (i.e., $y=0.667 x$ ).Synthesize the MUMNE
Consider the following process streams, all containing the same solute. The partition coefficient between both rich phases and the lean phase is 0. 667 (i.e., $y=0.667 x$ ).Synthesize the MUMNE
In Appendix A, Figures A.1−A.17, the purchased costs for various types of equipment are given. The y-axis is given as the cost of the equipment per unit of capacity, and the x-axis is given as the
Repeat Example 7.10 except consider the case when the operating pressures in both the shell and the tube side are 100 barg. Explain why the pressure factor for the heat exchanger is much smaller than
A process vessel was purchased in the United Kingdom for a plant in the United States in 1993. A similar vessel, but of different capacity, was purchased in 1998. From the data given below, estimate
Find the bare module cost of a floating-head, shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a heat transfer area of 100 m at the end of 2016. The operating pressure of the equipment is 1.0 bar, with both shell
The purchased cost for a carbon steel heat exchanger operating at ambient pressure is $10,000. For a heat-exchanger module, Guthrie [9, 10] provides the following cost information:Using the
In your role as a consultant to a legal firm, you have been requested to determine whether calculations submitted in a legal action are valid. The problem is to determine what year a compressor was
You have been hired as a consultant to a legal firm. Part of your assignment is to determine the size of a storage tank purchased in 1978 (CEPCI = 219), before computerization of records. Many
1. Determine the yearly cost of toluene for the process given in Chapter 1.2. What is the yearly consumption of toluene?3. What is the yearly revenue from the sale of benzene?
You decide to put $1000 into a bank that offers a special rate if left in for two years. After two years you will be able to withdraw $1150.1. Who is the producer?2. Who is the investor?3. What are
Find the bare module cost of a floating-head shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a heat transfer area of 100 m for the following cases:The operating pressure of the equipment is 1 barg on both shell
When estimating the cost of manufacturing (COMd) for a chemical process, the overall COMd may be estimated using only five individual costs. List these five costs
Upon graduation, you start your first job at $80,000/y. You decide to set aside 10%, or $8000/y, for retirement in 40 years’ time, and you assume that you will live 20 years after retiring. You
You estimate that in two years’ time you will need $1150 in order to replace the floor covering in your kitchen. Consider two choices:1. Wait two years to take action.2. Invest $1000 now (assume
Determine the capital cost for a major expansion to a fluid processing plant that has a total purchased equipment cost of $6,800,000.
For an investment of $500 at an interest rate of 8% p.a. for four years, what would be the future value of this investment, assuming compound interest?
How much investment would be needed in a savings account yielding 6% interest p.a. to have $5000 in five years’ time?
For the case of 12% p.a. compounded monthly, what are m, r, and inom?
What is the effective annual interest rate for a nominal rate of 8% p.a. when compounded monthly?
During the start-up and operation of a new plant (see Figure P24.9) the pressure-relief/safety valve on top of the steam drum (V-101) of a waste heat boiler (E-101) has opened and low-pressure steam
What is the effective annual interest rate for an investment made at a nominal rate of 8% p.a. compounded continuously?
$1000, $1200, and $1500 is borrowed from a bank (at 8% p.a. effective interest rate) at the end of years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. At the end of year 5, a payment of $2000 is made, and at the end of
The yearly cash flows estimated for a project involving the construction and operation of a chemical plant producing a new product are provided in the discrete CFD in Figure E9.12a. Using this
$10,000 is borrowed from a bank to buy a new car with 36 equal monthly payments of $320 each to repay the loan. Draw the discrete CFD for the investor in this agreement.
A lottery winner will receive $200,000/year for the next 20 years. What is the equivalent present value of the winnings if there is a secure investment opportunity providing 7.5% p.a.? What rate of
Consider the feed section of the toluene process given in Figure 1.5. The flow of fresh toluene, Stream 1, is regulated by monitoring the level in the toluene storage tank, V-101. If the level is
liquid flows vertically downward through a pipe of uniform diameter at steady state. Explain how the mass flowrate, volumetric flowrate, and velocity change with vertical position.
Define sphericity.
Consider a catalyst, specific gravity 1.75, in a bed with air flowing upward through it at 650 K and an average pressure of 1.8 atm (μair = 3 × 10-5 kg/m s). The catalyst is spherical with a
Use Equation (20.26) to determine the inside heat transfer coefficient for a fluid flowing inside a 12 ft (3.6576 m) long, ¾-in tube (16 BWG) at a velocity of 2 ft/s (0.6096 m/s) that is being
For Example 21.12, suggest realistic ways to compensate for the disturbance. An example of a nonrealistic compensation method is to reduce the air feed (process side), which is probably fixed
For the absorber problem in Section 24.2.1, it is necessary to adjust process operation temporarily to handle a 20% increase in gas to be treated.1. Can this be accomplished by increasing the liquid
A five-equilibrium-stage tray absorber is used for the acetone separation described. It is now observed that the outlet mole fraction of acetone in air is 0.002.1. Suggest at least six individual
Suggest additional alternatives for the off-specification acrylic acid in the case study in Section 24.3.1. Analyze the alternatives quantitatively. 24.3.1 Troubleshooting Off-Specification Acrylic
For the situation in Problem 24.2, how would you handle the following temporary process upsets? Be quantitative. Suggest at least three alternatives for each situation.1. The gas rate must increase
An acrylic acid facility has been designed to operate successfully using cooling water in the distillation column condenser. However, after a recent warm spell in which the temperature exceeded
Suggest additional alternatives for the steam release in the cumene reactor in the case study in Section 24.3.2. Analyze the alternatives quantitatively. 24.3.2 Troubleshooting Steam Release in
During the start-up of a chemical plant, one of the final steps before introducing the process chemicals is a steam-out procedure. Essentially, this step involves filling all the equipment with
During the hydrogenation of a certain plant-derived oil, the fresh feed is pumped from a vessel to the process unit. The process is illustrated in Figure P24.8(a).Because the oil is very viscous, it
In a unit where grain is steeped, sulfur dioxide is added directly to grain and water. Operators have long complained about sulfur dioxide fumes, citing runny noses, teary eyes, coughing, and
I am a sophomore. None of my classmates has a summer job. Jobs are hard to get, and I need money to pay for school next year. I have been offered a well-paying job with lots of engineering experience
You are in charge of a process to manufacture a polymer in which acetone is used as a solvent. The last step is a drying oven in which residual acetone is removed from the polymer into an air stream.
I am a senior in chemical engineering, but I plan to go to medical school next year. I have not been accepted yet. I want a good summer job, and yet, if my application for medical school is turned
I am a senior. Last summer, I had an excellent job designing a new type of heat exchanger that the company was developing. When I returned to school, my professor asked me to use my knowledge on a
In the cumene problem in Section 24.4, assume that one possible remedy involves increased benzene recycle with a corresponding decrease in fresh benzene feed. What are some potential consequences on
For the cumene troubleshooting, it has been determined that off-specification propylene will have to be used for the next several months. To assist in handling this feed, prepare the following

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