Questions and Answers of Introductory Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

Consider the piston–cylinder assembly containing a pure gas shown below. The initial volume of the gas is 0.05 m3, the initial pressure is 1 bar, and the cross-sectional area of the piston is 0.1
A rigid tank of volume 0.5 m3 is connected to a piston–cylinder assembly by a valve, as shown below. Both vessels contain pure water. They are immersed in a constant-temperature bath at 200ºC and
Consider the well-insulated, rigid container shown below. Two compartments, A and B, contain H2O and are separated by a thin metallic piston. Side A is 10 cm long. Side B is 50 cm long. The
When you open a can of soda (or beer), compressed CO2 expands irreversibly against the atmosphere as it bubbles up through the drink. Assume that the process is adiabatic and that the CO2 has an
Find the Pv work required to blow up a balloon to a diameter of 1 ft. Does the value you calculate account for all the work that is required? Explain.
You have a rigid container of volume 0.01 m3 that you wish to contain water at its critical point. To accomplish this task, you start with pure saturated water at 1 bar and heat it.(a) How much
In an attempt to save money to compensate for a budget shortfall, it has been determined that the steam in ChE Hall will be shut down at 6:00 P.M. and turned back on at 6:00 A.M., much to the chagrin
In an attempt to save money to compensate for a budget shortfall, it has been determined that the steam in ChE Hall will be shut down at 6:00 P.M. and turned back on at 6:00 A.M., much to the chagrin
Consider fi lling a cylinder of compressed argon from a high-pressure supply line as shown below. Before fi lling, the cylinder contains 10 bar of argon at room temperature. The valve is then opened,
A well-insulated piston–cylinder assembly is connected to a CO2 supply line by a valve, as shown below. Initially there is no CO2 in the piston–cylinder assembly. The valve is then opened, and
A rigid tank has a volume of 0.01 m3. It initially contains saturated water at a temperature of 200ºC and a quality of 0.4. The top of the tank contains a pressure-regulating valve that maintains
You wish to measure the temperature and pressure of steam fl owing in a pipe. To do this task, you connect a well-insulated tank of volume 0.4 m3 to this pipe through a valve. This tank initially is
An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic, reversible expansion process in a closed system:(a) If cp is constant, show that:(b) Determine the relationship between temperatures and pressures for an ideal
Methane vapor enters a valve at 3 bar and 25°C and leaves at 1 bar. If the methane undergoes a throttling process, what is the exit temperature, in °C? Under these conditions, you may assume
You wish to heat a stream of CO2 at pressure 1 bar, fl owing at 10 mol/s, from 150°C to 300°C in a countercurrent heat exchanger. To do this task, you have been asked to use a stream of
At steady-state, an ideal gas enters a compressor with a mass fl ow rate of 10.0 [mol/s]. The inlet pressure is 1.00 bar and the inlet temperature is 25.0°C. The gas exits at 25.0 bar and
Answer the following questions:(a) Argon gas enters a heat exchanger at a volumetric flow rate of 4.0 [m3/min], a temperature of 100°C and a pressure of 2 bar. It leaves at 200°C and 1 bar.
A stream of pure liquid benzene fl owing at a rate of 10 mol/s at 40°C and 10 bar enters a vessel where it is fl ashed. At steady-state, 6 mol/s of the benzene leaves as vapor, and the rest leaves
In a biological system, N2 is often bubbled through a fermentor to maintain anaerobic conditions.As the N2 bubbles through the fermentor, the gas strips water from the liquid. Consider an isothermal
An electric generator coupled to a waterfall produces an average electric power output of 5 kW. The power is used to charge a storage battery. Heat transfer from the battery occurs at a constant rate
Air enters a well-insulated turbine operating at steady, state with negligible velocity at 4 MPa, 300ºC. The air expands to an exit pressure of 100 kPa. The exit velocity and temperature are 90 m/s
Ethylene (C2H4) at 100ºC passes through a heater and emerges at 200ºC. Compute the heat supplied into the unit per mole of ethylene that passes through. You may assume ideal gas behavior.
Propane at 350ºC and 600 cm3/mol is expanded in a turbine. The exhaust temperature is 308ºC, and the exhaust pressure is atmospheric. What is the work obtained? You may assume ideal gas behavior.
Consider 20 mol/s of CO fl owing through a heat exchanger at 100ºC and 0.5 bar.(a) At what rate must heat be added (in kW) to raise the stream to 500ºC?(b) Consider the same molar fl ow rate of
Steam enters a well-insulated nozzle at 10 bar and 200ºC. It exits as saturated vapor at 100 kPa.The mass fl ow rate is 1 kg/s. What is the steady-state exit velocity? What is the outlet
Propane enters a nozzle at 5 bar and 200ºC. It exits at a velocity of 500 m/s. At steady-state, what is the exit temperature? Assume ideal gas conditions.
Consider a diffuser operating at steady-state with an outlet twice the area of the inlet. Air fl ows in with a velocity of 300 m/s, a pressure of 1 bar, and a temperature of 70ºC. The outlet is at
A stream of air is compressed in an adiabatic, steady-state fl ow process at 50 mol/s. The inlet is at 300 K and 1 bar. The outlet is at 10 bar. Estimate the minimum power that the compressor uses.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) with a volumetric fl ow rate of 5000 cm3/s at 1 bar and 100ºC is mixed with a second SO2 stream fl owing at 2500 cm3/s at 2 bar and 20ºC. The process occurs at steadystate.You
A mass fl ow controller (MFC) is used to accurately control the molar fl ow rate of gases into a system. A schematic of an MFC is shown below. It consists of a main tube and a sensor tube, to which a
Using data from the steam tables, come up with an expression for the ideal gas heat capacity of H2O in the form:Compare your answer to the values in Appendix A.2. Co C = A + BT
Steam at 8 MPa and 500ºC fl ows through a throttling device, where it exits at 100 kPa. What is the exit temperature?
A monatomic, ideal gas expands reversibly from 500 kPa and 300 K to 100 kPa in a piston–cylinder assembly. Calculate the work done if this process is(a) isothermal;(b) adiabatic.
Compare the change in internal energy for the following two processes:(a) Water is heated from its freezing point to its boiling point at 1 atm.(b) Saturated liquid water is vaporized at 1
Calculate the values of the heat capacity of Ar, O2, and NH3 at 300 K. Account for their relative magnitudes in terms of the three modes (translational, rotational, and vibrational) in which
Two kilograms of water, initially saturated liquid at 10 kPa, are heated to saturated vapor while the pressure is maintained constant. Determine the work and the heat transfer for the process, each
A rigid vessel contains 5 kg of saturated liquid water and 0.5 kg of saturated vapor at 10 kPa.What amount of heat must be transferred to the system to evaporate all the liquid?
Consider the cooling of a glass of tap water by the addition of ice. The glass contains 400 ml of tap water at room temperature, to which 100 gm of ice is added. Assume the glass is adiabatic and
One mole of saturated liquid propane and 1 mole of saturated vapor are contained in a rigid container at 0ºC and 4.68 bar. How much heat must be supplied to evaporate all of the propane.At 0ºC,You
Calculate the enthalpy of reaction at 298 K for the following reactions: (a) CH4(g) + 20(g) CO(g) + 2HO(g) (b) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO(g) + 2HO(1) (c) CH4(g) + HO(g) CO(g) + 3H(g) (d) CO(g) + HO(g)
Calculate the adiabatic fl ame temperature of acetylene gas at a pressure of 1 bar under the following conditions. The reactants are initially at 298 K. Assume that the acetylene reacts completely to
Calculate the adiabatic fl ame temperature of the following species in a stoichiometric mixture of air at a pressure of 1 bar. The reactants are initially at 298 K. Assume that they react completely
In an experiment, methane is burned with the theoretically required amount of oxygen for complete combustion. Because of faulty operation of the adiabatic burner, the reaction does not proceed to
The following data are from a system that undergoes a thermodynamic cycle among three states. Fill in the missing values for ΔU, Q, and W. Is this a power cycle or a refrigeration cycle? Process
One mole of air undergoes a Carnot cycle. The hot reservoir is at 800ºC and the cold reservoir is at 25ºC. The pressure ranges between 0.2 bar and 60 bar. Determine the net work produced and the
One mole of air undergoes a Carnot refrigeration cycle. The hot reservoir is at 25ºC and the cold reservoir is at -15ºC. The pressure ranges between 0.2 bar and 1 bar. Determine the coeffi cient of

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