Questions and Answers of College Physics A Strategic Approach 2nd

Ships A and B have the same height and the same mass. Their cross-section profiles are shown in Figure Q13.25. Does one ship ride higher in the water (more height above the water line) than the
What is the tension in the string in Figure P13.25? FIGURE P13.25 Ethyl alcohol 100 cm³ of aluminum, density PA=2700 kg/m³¹
A 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm wood block with a density of 700 kg/m3 floats in water.a. What is the distance from the top of the block to the water if the water is fresh? b. If it's seawater?
A 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm block of steel (Psteel= 7900 kg/m3) is suspended from a spring scale. The scale is in newtons.a. What is the scale reading if the block is in air? b. What is the scale
Styrofoam has a density of 300 kg/m3. What is the maximum mass that can hang without sinking from a 50-cm-diameter Styrofoam sphere in water? Assume the volume of the mass is negligible compared to
Calculate the buoyant force due to the surrounding air on a man weighing 800 N. Assume his average density is the same as that of water.
River Pascal with a volume flow rate of 5.0 × 105 L/s joins with River Archimedes, which carries 10.0 X 105 L/s, to form the Bernoulli River. The Bernoulli River is 150 m wide and 10 m deep. What is
Water flowing through a 2.0-cm-diameter pipe can fill a 300 L bathtub in 5.0 min. What is the speed of the water in the pipe?
A pump is used to empty a 6000 L wading pool. The water exits the 2.5-cm-diameter hose at a speed of 2.1 m/s. How long will it take to empty the pool?
Masses A and B rest on very light pistons that enclose a fluid, as shown in Figure Q13.32. There is no friction between the pistons and the cylinders they fit inside. Which of the following is
A 1.0-cm-diameter pipe widens to 2.0 cm, then narrows to 0.50 cm. Liquid flows through the first segment at a speed of 4.0 m/s. a. What are the speeds in the second and third segments? b. What is
What does the top pressure gauge in Figure P13.33 read? 2.0 m/s 200 kPa Oil FIGURE P13.33 -3.0 m/s 10 m
The 3.0-cm-diameter two 1.0-cm-diameter water line in Figure P13.34 splits into pipes. All pipes are circular and at the same elevation. At point A, the water speed is 2.0 m/s and the gauge pressure
A syringe is being used to squirt water as shown in Figure Q13.37. The water is ejected from the nozzle at 10 m/s. At what speed is the plunger of the syringe being depressed? Radius = 1 cm FIGURE
A rectangular trough, 2.0 m long, 0.60 m wide, and 0.45 m deep, is completely full of water. One end of the trough has a small drain plug right at the bottom edge. When you pull the plug, at what
What pressure difference is required between the ends of a 2.0-m-long, 1.0-mm-diameter horizontal tube for 40°C water to flow through it at an average speed of 4.0 m/s?
Figure P13.38 shows a water-filled syringe with a 4.0-cm-long needle. What is the gauge pressure of the water at the point P, where the needle meets the wider chamber of the syringe? Radius 1.0 cm
Water flows at 0.25 L/s through a 10-m-long garden hose 2.5 cm in diameter that is lying flat on the ground. The temperature of the water is 20°C. What is the gauge pressure of the water where it
The density of gold is 19,300 kg/m3. 197 g of gold is shaped into a cube. What is the length of each edge?
The density of copper is 8920 kg/m3. How many moles are in a 2.0 cm x 2.0 cm X 2.0 cm cube of copper?
What is the frequency of blue light with a wavelength of 400nm? A. 1.33 X 10³ Hz C. 1.33 X 10¹4 Hz B. 7.50 × 10¹2 Hz D. 7.50 x 10¹4 Hz
The density of aluminum is 2700 kg/m3. How many atoms are in a 2.0 cm X 2.0 cm X 2.0 cm cube of aluminum?
In the deep ocean, a water wave with wavelength 95 m travels at 12 m/s. Suppose a small boat is at the crest of this wave, 1.2 m above the equilibrium position. What will be the vertical position of
Ultrasound can be used to deliver energy to tissues for therapy. It can penetrate tissue to a depth approximately 200 times its wavelength. What is the approximate depth of penetration of ultrasound
Two strings of different linear density are joined together and pulled taut. A sinusoidal wave on these strings is traveling to the right, as shown in Figure Q15.24. When the wave goes across the
A sinusoidal wave traveling on a string has a period of 0.20 s, a wavelength of 32 cm, and an amplitude of 3 cm. The speed of this wave is A. 0.60 cm/s. B. 6.4 cm/s. C. 15 cm/s. D. 160 cm/s.
At a rock concert, the sound intensity 1.0 m in front of the bank of loudspeakers is 0.10 W/m2. A fan is 30 m from the loudspeakers. Her eardrums have a diameter of 8.4 mm. How much sound energy is
A large solar panel on a spacecraft in Earth orbit produces 1.0 kW of power when the panel is turned toward the sun. What power would the solar cell produce if the spacecraft were in orbit around
The sound intensity from a jack hammer breaking concrete is 2.0 W/m2 at a distance of 2.0 m from the point of impact. This is sufficiently loud to cause permanent hearing damage if the operator
A rock band playing an outdoor concert produces sound at 120 dB 5.0 m away from their single working loudspeaker. What is the sound intensity level 35 m from the speaker?
An osprey's call is a distinct whistle at 2200 Hz. An osprey calls while diving at you, to drive you away from her nest. You hear the call at 2300 Hz. How fast is the osprey approaching?
A whistle you use to call your hunting dog has a frequency of 21 kHz, but your dog is ignoring it. You suspect the whistle may not be working, but you can't hear sounds above 20 kHz. To test it, you
While anchored in the middle of a lake, you count exactly three waves hitting your boat every 10 s. You raise anchor and start motoring slowly in the same direction the waves are going. When
A Doppler blood flow unit emits ultrasound at 5.0 MHz. What is the frequency shift of the ultrasound reflected from blood moving in an artery at a speed of 0.20 m/s?
You're watching a carpenter pound a nail. He hits the nail twice a second, but you hear the sound of the strike when his hammer is fully raised. What is the minimum distance from you to the
A stout cord is stretched between two fixed supports. You vigorously shake one end of the string and send a sinusoidal wave of wavelength 4.0 m along it at 16 m/s. The amplitude of the motion is 2.0
Write the y-equation for a wave traveling in the negative x-direction with wavelength 50 cm, speed 4.0 m/s, and amplitude 5.0 cm.
A simple pendulum is made by attaching a small cup of sand with a hole in the bot- tom to a 1.2-m-long string. The pendulum is mounted on the back of a small motorized car. As the car drives forward,
Write the y-equation for a wave traveling in the positive x-direction with frequency 200 Hz, speed 400 m/s, and amplitude 0.010 mm.
a. A typical 100 W lightbulb produces 4.0 W of visible light. (The other 96 W are dissipated as heat and infrared radiation.) What is the light intensity on a wall 2.0 m away from the lightbulb? b.
Light can pass easily through water and through air, but light will reflect from the surface of a lake. What does this tell you about the speed of light in air and in water? co www
Bats are sensitive to very small changes in frequency of the reflected waves. What information does this allow them to determine about their prey?A. Size B. Speed C. Distance D. Species
Ocean waves are partially reflected from the entrance to a harbor, where the depth of the water is suddenly less. What does this tell you about the speed of waves in water of different depths?
A string has an abrupt change in linear density at its midpoint so that the speed of a pulse on the left side is 2/3 of that on the right side. a. On which side is the linear density greater?
A guitarist finds that the frequency of one of her strings is too low by 1.4%. Should she increase or decrease the tension of the string? Explain.
Certain illnesses inflame your vocal cords, causing them to swell. How does this affect the pitch of your voice? Explain.
Refer to the snapshot graph Figure Q 16.20.At t = 1.5 s, what is the value of y at x = 10 cm? A. -2.0 mm B. -1.0 mm C. -0.5 mm D. 0 mm E. 1.0 mm y (mm) 3- c v = +6 cm/s FIGURE Q16.20 Snapshot
At t = 0 s, a small "upward" (positive y) pulse centered at x = 6.0 m is moving to the right on a string with fixed ends at x = 0.0 m and x = 10.0 m. The wave speed on the string is 4.0 m/s. At what
Parasaurolophus was a dinosaur whose distinguishing feature was a hollow crest on the head. The 1.5-m-long hol-low tube in the crest had connections to the nose and throat, leading some investigators
A drainage pipe running under a freeway is 30.0 m long. Both ends of the pipe are open, and wind blowing across one end causes the air inside to vibrate.a. If the speed of sound on a particular day
A student in her physics lab measures the standing-wave modes of a tube. The lowest frequency that makes a resonance is 20 Hz. As the frequency is increased, the next resonance is at 60 Hz. What will
An organ pipe is tuned to exactly 384 Hz when the temperature in the room is 20°C. Later, when the air has warmed up to 25°C, the frequency is A. Greater than 384 Hz. B. 384 Hz. C. Less than 384
A child has an ear canal that is 1.3 cm long. At what sound frequencies in the audible range will the child have increased hearing sensitivity?
Two guitar strings made of the same type of wire have the same length. String I has a higher pitch than string 2. Which of the following is true? A. The wave speed of string 1 is greater than that
The frequency of the lowest standing-wave mode on a 1.0-m-long string is 20 Hz. What is the wave speed on the string? A. 10 m/s B. 20 m/s C. 30 m/s D. 40 m/s
Suppose you pluck a string on a guitar and it produces the note A at a frequency of 440 Hz. Now you press your finger down on the string against one of the frets, making this point the new end of the
Two identical loudspeakers separated by distance d emit 170 Hz sound waves along the x-axis. As you walk along the axis, away from the speakers, you don't hear anything even though both speakers are
The fundamental frequency of a standing wave on a 1.0-m- long string is 440 Hz. What would be the wave speed of a pulse moving along this string?
An 80-cm-long steel string with a linear density of 1.0 g/m is under 200 N tension. It is plucked and vibrates at its fundamental frequency. What is the wavelength of the sound wave that reaches your
Lake Erie is prone to remarkable seiches standing waves that slosh water back and forth in the lake basin from the west end at Toledo to the east end at Buffalo. Figure P16.48 shows smoothed data for
A string, stretched between two fixed posts, forms standing wave resonances at 325 Hz and 390 Hz. What is the largest possible value of its fundamental frequency?
Spiders may "tune" strands of their webs to give enhanced response at frequencies corresponding to the frequencies at which desirable prey might struggle. Orb web silk has a typical diameter of
A 2.5-cm-diameter steel cable (with density 7900 kg/m3) that is part of the suspension system for a footbridge stretches 14 m between the tower and the ground. After walking over the bridge, a hiker
A microwave generator can produce microwaves at any frequency between 10 GHz and 20 GHz. As Figure P16.51 shows, the microwaves are aimed, through a small hole, into a "microwave cavity" that
Just as you are about to step into a nice hot bath, a small earthquake rattles your bathroom. Immediately afterward, you notice that the water in the tub is oscillating. The water in the center seems
A carbon-dioxide laser emits infrared light with a wavelength of 10.6 μm. a. What is the length of a tube that will oscillate in the m = 100,000 mode? b. What is the frequency? c. Imagine a pulse
A 50-cm-long wire with a mass of 1.0 g and a tension of 440 N passes across the open end of an open-closed tube of air. The wire, which is fixed at both ends, is bowed at the center so as to vibrate
You are standing 2.50 m directly in front of one of the two loudspeakers shown in Figure P16.60. They are 3.00 m apart and both are playing a 686 Hz tone in phase. As you begin to walk directly away
Two loudspeakers located along the x-axis as shown in Figure P16.59 produce sounds of equal frequency. Speaker 1 is at the origin, while the location of speaker 2 can be varied by a remote control
FM station KCOM ("All commercials, all the time") transmits simultaneously, at a frequency of 99.9 MHz, from two broadcast towers placed precisely 31.5 m apart along a north- south line. a. What is
Two loudspeakers, 4.0 m apart and facing each other, play identical sounds of the same frequency. You stand halfway between them, where there is a maximum of sound intensity. Moving from this point
Certain birds produce vocalizations consisting of two distinct frequencies that are not harmonically related that is, the two frequencies are not harmonics of a common fundamental frequency. These
A Doppler blood flow meter emits ultrasound at a frequency of 5.0 MHz. What is the beat frequency between the emitted waves and the waves reflected from blood cells moving away from the emitter at
The frequency of a light wave in air is 5.3 X 1014 Hz. Is the frequency of this wave higher, lower, or the same after the light enters a piece of glass?
A double-slit interference experiment shows fringes on a screen. The entire experiment is then immersed in water. Do the fringes on the screen get closer together, farther apart, remain the same, or
Figure Q17.5 shows the fringes observed in a double-slit interference experiment when the two slits are illuminated by white light. The central maximum is white, but as we move away from the central
How much time does it take a pulse of light to travel through 150 m of water?
In a double-slit interference experiment, interference fringes are observed on a distant screen. The width of both slits is then doubled without changing the distance between their centers. a. What
Figure Q17.7 shows the viewing screen in a double-slit experiment with monochromatic light. Fringe C is the central maximum.a. What will happen to the fringe spacing if the wave-length of the light
Two narrow slits 50 μm apart are illuminated with light of wavelength 500 nm. What is the angle of the m = 2 bright fringe in radians? In degrees?
Consider a point P on the viewing screen of a double slit interference experiment. This point is 75% of the way from the center of the 3rd bright fringe to the center of the 4th bright fringe. If the
A soap bubble usually pops because some part of it becomes too thin due to evaporation or drainage of fluid. The change in thickness also changes the color of light the bubble reflects. Why?
A diffraction grating with 750 slits/mm is illuminated by light that gives a first-order diffraction angle of 34.0. What is the wavelength of the light?
Light passes through a diffraction grating with a slit spacing of 0.001 mm. A viewing screen is 100 cm behind the grating. If the light is blue, with a wavelength of 450 nm, at about what distance
Blue light of wavelength 450 nm passes through an interference grating with a slit spacing of 0.001 mm and makes an interference pattern on the wall. How many bright fringes will be seen? A. 1 B.
Yellow light of wavelength 590 nm passes through a diffraction grating and makes an interference pattern on a screen 80 cm away. The first bright fringes are 1.9 cm from the center of the pattern.
Light passes through a 10-μm-wide slit and is viewed on a screen 1 m behind the slit. If the width of the slit is narrowed, the band of light on the screen will.A. Become narrower. B. Become
Blue light of wavelength 450 nm passes through a 0.20-mm-wide slit and illuminates a screen 1.2 m away. How wide is the central maximum of the diffraction pattern? A. 1.2 mm B. 2.0 mmC. 2.7 mmD.
A green laser beam of wavelength 540 nm passes through a pinhole and illuminates a dartboard 3.0 m past the pinhole. The first minimum in the intensity coincides with the ring surrounding the
A thin film of MgF2 (n = 1.38) coats a piece of glass. Constructive interference is observed for the reflection of light with wavelengths of 500 nm and 625 nm. What is the thinnest film for which
Your friend has been given a laser for her birthday. Unfortunately, she did not receive a manual with it and so she doesn't know the wavelength that it emits. You help her by performing a double-slit
A laser beam, with a wavelength of 532 nm, is directed exactly perpendicular to a screen having two narrow slits spaced 0.15 mm apart. Interference fringes, including a central maximum, are observed
A soap bubble is essentially a thin film of water surrounded by air. The colors you see in soap bubbles are produced by interference. What visible wavelengths of light are strongly reflected from a
The idea of light rays goes back to the ancient Greeks. How- ever, they believed that "visual rays" were emitted by eyes. If you were transported back in time, what arguments would you present to
A 5.0-ft-tall girl stands on level ground. The sun is 25° above the horizon. How long is her shadow?
Is there any property that distinguishes a light ray emitted by a light bulb and one that has been diffusely reflected by the page of a book? Explain.
A 10-cm-diameter disk emits light uniformly from its surface. 20 cm from this disk, along its axis, is an 8.0-cm-diameter opaque black disk; the faces of the two disks are parallel. 20 cm beyond the
Can you see the rays from the sun on a clear day? Why or why not? How about when they stream through a forest on a foggy morning? Why or why not?
If you take a walk on a summer night along a dark, unpaved road in the woods, with a flashlight pointing at the ground several yards ahead to guide your steps, any water-filled potholes are
In Manet's A Bar at the Folies Bergre (see Figure Q18.8) the reflection of the barmaid is visible in the mirror behind her. Is this the reflection you would expect if the mirror's surface is parallel

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