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physics
physics everyday phenomena
Questions and Answers of
Physics Everyday Phenomena
A current of 2.5 A flows through a battery for 1 min. How much charge passes through the battery in that time?
A charge of 30 C passes at a steady rate through a resistor in a time of 5s. What is the current through the resistor?
How does a bimetallic strip break a circuit when things heat up? Explain.
Suppose that the appliances connected to a household circuit were connected in series rather than in parallel. What disadvantages would there be to this arrangement? Explain.
Would it make sense to connect a fuse or circuit breaker in parallel with other elements in a circuit? Explain.
Which of these appliances is most likely to cause an overload problem when connected to a circuit that already has other appliances drawing current from it: an electric shaver, a coffeemaker, or a
In using a dc voltmeter, it is important to connect the positive terminal of the meter in the correct direction in the circuit relative to the positive terminal of the battery. Is this likely to be
Does a battery connected to an electric motor represent a perpetual-motion machine? Explain.
What energy source increases the potential energy of the water behind the dam of a hydroelectric power plant? Explain.
Does the power being delivered by a battery depend on the resistance of the circuit connected to the battery? Explain.
If the current through a certain resistance is doubled, does the power dissipated in that resistor also double? Explain.
Is electric energy the same as electric power? Explain.
Which will normally have the larger resistance, a voltmeter or an ammeter? Explain.
In the circuit shown, the circle with an A in it represents an ammeter. Which of these statements is correct? Comment on each.a. The meter is in the correct position for measuring the current through
In the circuit shown, the circle with a V in it represents a voltmeter. Which of the following statements is correct? Explain.a. The voltmeter is in the correct position for measuring the voltage
When current passes through a series combination of resistors, does the current get smaller as it goes through each successive resistor in the combination? Explain.
If we disconnect R2 from the rest of the circuit shown in the diagram for question 14, will the current through R3 increase, decrease, or remain the same? Explain. R2 R2 R3
In the circuit shown in question 14, which of the three resistors, if any, has the largest voltage difference across it? Explain. R2 R3
In the circuit shown below, R1, R2, and R3 are three resistors of different values. R3 is greater than R2, and R2 is greater than R1. ε is the electromotive force of the battery whose internal
Two resistors are connected in series with a battery as shown in the diagram. R1 is less than R2.a. Which of the two resistors, if either, has the greater current flowing through it? Explain.b.
When a battery is being used in a circuit, will the voltage across its terminals be less than that measured when there is no current being drawn from the battery? Explain.
A dead battery will still indicate a voltage when a good voltmeter is connected across the terminals. Can the battery still be used to light a light bulb? Explain.
If we decrease the potential difference across a resistance in a circuit, will the current flowing through that resistance increase, remain the same, or decrease? Explain.
Consider the two signs shown, located in different physics labs. Which of the two would be reason for greater caution? Explain. Danger! 100,000 0 Danger! 10,000 V Q9 Diagram
Suppose that we use an uncoated metal clamp to hold the wires in place in the battery-and-bulb circuit shown. Will this be effective in keeping the bulb burning brightly? Explain. 1.5 V Q8
Two circuit diagrams are shown. Which one, if either, will cause the light bulb to light? Explain your analysis of each case. 1.5 V (a) Q7 Diagram 1.5 V (b) Open switch
Consider the circuit shown. Could we increase the brightness of the bulb by connecting a wire between points A and B? Explain. A B Q6 Diagram
Consider the circuit shown, where the wires are connected to either side of a wooden block as well as to the light bulb. Will the bulb light in this arrangement? Explain. 1.5 V Wood block Q5
Are electric current and electric charge the same thing? Explain.
In a simple battery-and-bulb circuit, is the electric current that enters the bulb on the side nearer to the positive terminal of the battery larger than the current that leaves the bulb on the
Suppose that you have two wires, a battery, and a bulb. One of the wires is already in place in each of the arrangements shown in the next column. Indicate with a drawing where you would place the
Two arrangements of a battery, bulb, and wire are shown below. Which of the two arrangements, if either, will light the bulb? Explain. 1.5 V 1.5 (a) (b) Q1 Diagram
Suppose that the top plate of a parallel-plate capacitor has an electric potential of 0 V and the bottom plate has a potential of 400 V. There is a distance of 1.2 cm between the plates.a. What is
Suppose that four equal positive charges are located at the corners of a square, as in the diagram.a. Using small arrows, indicate the direction of the electric field at each of the labeled points.b.
Suppose that one of the two charges in synthesis problem 2 is twice as large as the other one. Use the procedures suggested in parts a and b of synthesis problem 2 for this new situation. (When
Suppose that two equal positive charges lie near one another, as shown in the diagram.a. Using small arrows, indicate the direction of the electric field at the labeled points on the diagram. Think
Three positive charges are located along a line, as in the diagram. The 0.10-C charge at point A is 2 m to the left of the 0.02-C charge at point B, and the 0.04-C charge at point C is 1 m to the
Four coulombs of positive charge flow from the +6 V positive terminal of a battery to the negative terminal at 0 V. What is the change in potential energy of the charge?
A charge of +0.25 C is moved from a position where the electric potential is 10 V to a position where the electric potential is 60 V. What is the change in potential energy of the charge associated
A charge of -3 x10-6 C is placed at a point in space where the electric field is directed toward the right and has a magnitude of 8.5 x 104 N/C. What are the magnitude and direction of the
A +1.5 x 10-6 C test charge experiences forces from two other nearby charges: a 12-N force due east and an 8-N force due west. What are the magnitude and direction of the electric field at the
A test charge of -4 x 10-6 C experiences a downward electrostatic force of 12 N when placed at a certain point in space. What are the magnitude and direction of the electric field at this point?
A uniform electric field is directed upward and has a magnitude of 20 N/C. What are the magnitude and direction of the force on a charge of -5 C placed in this field?
An electron and a proton have charges of an equal magnitude but opposite sign of 1.6 x 10-19 C. If the electron and proton in a hydrogen atom are separated by a distance of 5 x 10-11 m, what are the
A charge of +2 x 10-6 C is located 20 cm from a charge of -4 x 10-6 C.a. What is the magnitude of the force exerted on each charge?b. On a drawing, indicate the directions of the forces acting on
Two positive charges, each of magnitude 4 x 106 C, are located a distance of 10 cm from each other.a. What is the magnitude of the force exerted on each charge?b. On a drawing, indicate the
Two charged particles exert an electrostatic force of 27 N on each other. What will the magnitude of the force be if the distance between the two particles is increased to three times the original
Two charged particles exert an electrostatic force of 8 N on each other. What will the magnitude of the electrostatic force be if the distance between the two charges is reduced to one-half of the
Two identical steel balls mounted on wooden posts initially have different amounts of charge, one +12 μC, and the other -4 μC. The balls are allowed to touch and then are separated again. What is
Two identical brass balls mounted on wooden posts initially have different amounts of charge, one +3 μC and the other +15 μC. The balls are allowed to touch and then are separated again. What is
An electron has a charge of - 1.6 x 10-19 C. How many electrons would be needed to produce a net charge of -4.8 x 10-6 C?
Would you be more likely to be struck by lightning if you stood on a platform made from a good electrical insulator than if you stood on the ground? Explain.
Will a negatively charged particle, initially at rest in an electric field, tend to move toward a region of lower electric potential if released? Explain.
In the drawing for question 20, which point, B or C, will have the higher electric potential? Explain. -q A B D Q20 Diagram
Is electric potential the same as electric potential energy? Explain.
Does the electric potential increase or decrease as we move toward a negative charge? Explain.
If a negative charge is moved in the same direction as the electric field lines in some region of space, does the potential energy of the negative charge increase or decrease? Explain.
If we move a negative charge toward a second negative charge, does the potential energy of the first charge increase or decrease? Explain.
If we move a positive charge toward a negative charge, does the potential energy of the positive charge increase or decrease? Explain.
Is the electric field produced by a single positive charge a uniform field? Explain.
Three equal positive charges are located at the corners of a square, as in the diagram. Using arrows, indicate the direction of the electric field at points A and B on the diagram. 9(+ Q23
If we change the negative charge in the diagram for question 20 to a positive charge of the same magnitude, what are the directions of the electric field at points A, B, C, and D? (Indicate with
Is it possible for an electric field to exist at some point in space at which there is no charge? Explain.
Two charges, of equal magnitude but opposite sign, lie along a line as shown in the diagram. Using arrows, indicate the directions of the electric field at points A, B, C, and D shown on the
Can both the electrostatic force and the gravitational force be either attractive or repulsive? Explain.
If two charges are both doubled in magnitude without changing the distance between them, will the force that one charge exerts on the other also be doubled? Explain.
If the distance between two charged objects is doubled, will the electrostatic force that one object exerts on the other be cut in half? Explain.
If you had several identical metal balls mounted on insulating stands, explain how you could obtain a quantity of charge on one ball that is four times as large as the quantity on another ball.
Is the concept of torque involved in the operation of Coulomb’s torsion balance? Explain.
Why are pith balls initially attracted to a charged rod and later repelled by the same rod, even though they have not touched any other charged object? Explain.
Will bits of paper be attracted to a charged rod even if they have no net charge? Explain.
If, when charging by induction, you remove the charged rod from the vicinity of the metal ball before moving your finger from the ball, what will happen? Will the ball end up being charged? Explain.
When a metal ball is charged by induction using a negatively charged plastic rod, what is the sign on the charge acquired by the ball? Explain.
If you touch the ball of a charged electroscope with your finger, will it discharge? What does this suggest about the conducting properties of people? Explain.
If you touch the metal ball of a charged electroscope with an uncharged glass rod held in your hand, will the electroscope discharge completely? Explain.
Describe how Benjamin Franklin’s single-fluid model can explain what happens when we charge a glass rod by rubbing it with a nylon cloth. How do we get two types of charge from a single fluid?
When you comb your hair with a plastic comb, what will the sign be on the charge acquired by the comb? Explain. (Compare this process to rubbing a plastic rod with cat fur.)
If you charge an electroscope with a plastic rod that has been rubbed with cat fur, will the metal leaves of the electroscope move farther apart or come closer together when you bring the cat fur
Do the two metal-foil leaves of an electroscope gain charges of opposite sign when the electroscope is charged? Explain.
Two pith balls are charged by touching one to a glass rod that has been rubbed with a nylon cloth and the other to the cloth itself.a. What sign will the charge on each pith ball have? Explain.b.
When a glass rod is rubbed by a nylon cloth, which of these two objects gains electrons? Explain.
Two pith balls are both charged by contact with a plastic rod that has been rubbed by cat fur.a. What sign will the charges on the pith balls have? Explain.b. Will the two pith balls attract or repel
When two different materials are rubbed together, do the two materials acquire the same type of charge or different types of charge? Explain how you could justify your answer with a simple experiment.
Suppose that an oil-fired power plant is designed to produce 100 MW (megawatts) of electrical power. The turbine operates between temperatures of 650°C and 240°C and has an efficiency that is 80%
In section 11.3, we showed that a violation of the Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics is a violation of the Kelvin statement. Develop an argument to show that the reverse is also
A Carnot engine operating in reverse as a heat pump moves heat from a cold reservoir at 5°C to a warmer one at 25°C.a. What is the efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between these two
Suppose that a certain Carnot engine operates between the temperatures of 500°C and 150°C and produces 30 J of work in each complete cycle.a. What is the efficiency of this engine?b. How much heat
Suppose that a typical automobile engine operates at an efficiency of 25%. One gallon of gasoline releases approximately 150 MJ of heat when it is burned. (A megajoule, MJ, is a million joules.)a. Of
An engineer designs a heat engine using flat-plate solar collectors. The collectors deliver heat at 70°C and the engine releases heat to the surroundings at 35°C. What is the maximum possible
An ocean thermal-energy power plant takes in warm surface water at a temperature of 22°C and releases heat at 10°C to cooler water drawn from deeper in the ocean. Is it possible for this power
A typical nuclear power plant delivers heat from the reactor to the turbines at a temperature of 540°C. If the turbines release heat at a temperature of 200°C, what is the maximum possible
A typical electric refrigerator has a power rating of 400 W, which is the rate (in J/s) at which electrical energy is supplied to do the work needed to remove heat from the refrigerator. If the
In each cycle of its operation, a refrigerator removes 18 J of heat from the inside of the refrigerator and releases 30 J of heat into the room. How much work per cycle is required to operate this
A heat pump takes in 300 J of heat from a low-temperature reservoir in each cycle and uses 150 J of work per cycle to move the heat to a higher-temperature reservoir. How much heat is released to the
A Carnot engine operates between temperatures of 600 K and 400 K and does 150 J of work in each cycle.a. What is its efficiency?b. How much heat does it take in from the higher temperature reservoir
A Carnot engine takes in heat from a reservoir at 400°C and releases heat to a lower-temperature reservoir at 150°C. What is its efficiency?
A Carnot engine takes in heat at a temperature of 650 K and releases heat to a reservoir at a temperature of 350 K. What is its efficiency?
In one cycle, a heat engine does 400 J of work and releases 500 J of heat to a lower-temperature reservoir.a. How much heat does it take in from the higher temperature reservoir?b. What is the
A heat engine with an efficiency of 40% takes in 600 J of heat from the high-temperature reservoir in each cycle.a. How much work does the engine do in each cycle?b. How much heat is released to the
In one cycle, a heat engine takes in 900 J of heat from a high-temperature reservoir and releases 600 J of heat to a lower-temperature reservoir.a. How much work is done by the engine in each
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