The snapback timing method in direct time study was used to obtain the times for an injection molding task. Only element d is a machine-controlled element. a, b, c, and e elements are all external to machine-controlled element d, but f and g elements are internal. The machine allowance is 10%, and the PFD allowance is 15%. Determine

(a) the normal time for the cycle

(b) the standard time for the cycle

	Element	Description	Observed time (min)	Performance rating (%)
	a	Worker load raw material into the hopper. (every 20 cycles)	6	90%
	b	Worker adjust the temperature and injection pressure. (every 10 cycles)	2.5	90%
	c	Worker starts the injection modeling machine.	0.05	90%
	d	Molten plastic is injected to the mold cavity and after solidification the part is ejected.	1.1	N/A
	e	Worker removes the part and starts the machine again.	0.1	90%
	f	Worker separates runner and sprue from the part.	0.03	90%
	g	Worker deposits part in container and runner and sprue in scrap container.	0.03	90%