The snapback timing method in direct time study was used to obtain the times for a worker machine task. The recorded times are listed in the table below. Element c is a machine-controlled element and the time is constant. Elements a, b, and dare operator-controlled and were performance-rated at 90%. Elements a and b are external to machine-controlled element c. Element d is internal to the machine element. The machine allowance is zero, and the PFD allowance is 13%. Determine: a. the normal time and b. the standard time for the cycle. c. The worker's actual time spent working during an 8-hour shift was 7.08 hours, and he produced 420 units of output during this time. Determine the worker's efficiency during this shift