A direct time study using the continuous timing method was used to observe the elements for a worker-machine task. Two cycles were timed. Worker controlled elements include elements a, b, c, and e. Element d is machine controlled. Of the worker-controlled elements, element c is internal to the machine cycle, so c and d occur simultaneously. The observed time on the stopwatch (in minutes) is recorded at the end of each element in the table below. During the study, the workers performance level for all elements was 80%. The machine allowance is 20% and the workers PFD allowance is 15%. Determine the normal time for the cycle. Units are "min". Clarification: Both c and d begin when element b ends.