OR

Consider the closed$-$loop analog control system shown below. For computer

control of the process, transform the controller transfer function into a difference equation using backward$-$difference approximation of the derivative. Sample the process model with a $\backslash (\backslash$mathbf$\{$Z O H$\}\backslash )$ and obtain the state$-$variable model of the closed$-$loop computer$-$controlled system for a sampling interval of $0\mathrm{.}1$ sec $.$