Chemistry Questions and Answers May 09, 2020

The pharmacist is to prepare 45 ml of 2.5% amikacin sulfate isotonic solution. how many ml of a 23.5% sodium chloride injection should be used to provide the needed sodium chloride? e value of the drug = 0.108 answer: 1.20 show work

Propose structure(s) for the compound and give the physical properties, chemical properties, and hazards for the compounds you propose ( do not use Wikipedia ) . Describe in detail how you arrived at this structure (functional groups from IR spectra, degree of unsaturation, etc.).

2500 WAVENUMBER cm1 4000 3500 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 Molecular Weight of your compound is C9H100 001 08 09 TRANSMITTANCE

1.) calculate the mean w% of ascorbic acid for the 4 quarters 2.) calculate the mass of ascorbic acid in 1 tablet mass tablet= 0.6345g m Vit.C= avW% x mtablet quarters= number of experiment concentration of Na2S2O3= 0.00212

rate cato Part B Analysis of Vit.C Tablet M(tablet0.6345g) Q mQ(g) V n 13 Na2S2O3(ml) left(mol) ation 1 2 3 4 0.1586g 19ml 0.1589g 19.5ml 0.0857g 28ml 0.2298g 10.2ml n 13 reactaed (n 13 total n 13 left) m Vit.C(g) W Vit.Ctablet S

4 Write down your individual prediction on what you think will be similar and different between (R)carvone and (S)carvone when doing your gas chromatography spectra. Then discuss with your partner and record your answer. a. 5. What peaks do you think you will see in the IR for (S) and (R)carvone Limonene Record your answer below. a.

Explain how Covalent Catalysis, one of the four main special steps in enzyme catalysis, might be used to slow down a carbanions rapid bond formation. You might want to draw a picture to help better explain. Remember a carbanion is a negatively charged Carbon ion and is a reactive species in chemistry, so they usually form a bond to something very

The decomposition of urea in 0.1 M of HCl occurs according to the reaction NH,CONH, 2H,02NH CO The firstorder rate constant for this reaction was measured as a function of temperature, with the following results Expt. T C kx 106 min1 1 61.0 7.13 71.2 27.7 Calculate the entropy of activation at 71.2 C for the reaction of decomposition of urea.

One of the laboratory experiments demonstrated that Glucose concentration can be measured by the otoluidine assay as well as the hexokinase assay. If a sample contained 10 mgml glucose and 10 mgml mannose, the otoluidine assay would calculate a sugar concentration a) twice the concentration calculated by the hexokinase assay b) half the

Using your knowledge of Felkin-Anh control, rationalize why compound (4) has a syn stereochemical relationship between the stereogenic centres labelled 3 and 4. Using 3D representations, invoke a Zimmerman structure to account for why compound (4) has the anti stereochemical relationship between the stereogenic centres labelled 2 and 3.

LDA (2) EtS (1) recall LDA Li (3) EtS (4)

The dynamic method is used to measure ka in a fermenter operated at 30 C. Data for dissolvedoxygen concentration as a function of time during the reoxygenation step us shown below. Time (s) CAL ( air saturation) 38.5 10 15 48.6 20 55.0 62.5 65.5 30 40 50 67.0 70 68.0 100 68.5 130 68.5 The equilibrium concentration of oxygen in the broth is 7.9 x

For the reaction 3A(9) 2B(9) C(g) Ke 47.0 L4 mol 4 at a temperature of 379 C. Calculate the value of Kp. Express your answer numerically. View Available Hint(s) Kp bar 4 Submit Part B For the reaction X(g) 4Y(9) 3Z(g) 2 Kp 3.20 x 10 2 bar Calculate the value of Kc. at a temperature of 357 C. Express your answer numerically. View

Determine the value of the equilibrium constant, Kgoal, for the reaction N2(g) H20(g) NO(g) N2H4(g), Kgoal by making use of the following information 1. N2(g) O2(g) 2NO(g), K1 4.10 x 1031 2. N2(g) 2H2(g) N2H4(g), K2 7.40 x 10 26 3. 2H20(g) 2H2(g) O2(g), K3 1.06 x 1010 Express your answer numerically. View Available Hint(s) 66 Kgoal

Based on a K. value of 0.210 and the given data table, what are the equilibrium concentrations of XY, X, and Y, respectively Express the molar concentrations numerically. ,Based on a Ke value of 0.210 and the data table given, what are the equilibrium concentrations of XY, X, and Y, respectively Express the molar concentrations numerically. View

For the decomposition of A to B and C, A(s) B(aq) C(aq) how will the reaction respond to each of the following changes at equilibrium Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. View Available Hint(s) Reset Help Half the concentration of only one product Double the concentration of C and halve the concentration of B Halve the

Describe how you would prepare 200. mL of a solution of 116 mM Cl from seawater. You have access to all the lab glassware youve seen in this course so far, including a 200 ml volumetric flask, beakers (50, 100, 250, and 500 mL), volumetric pipers (5, 10, and 25 mL), and graduated cylinders (10, 25, and 50 mL). Use techniques and equipment that

One af the falawing compounds is responsible for the IR spectrum shown. Choone the structure af the respansible campound. Vorck e

The crystal structure of the intermetallic compound FeAl is given in Figure 1. a. Write down the motif in terms of atoms and their coordinates b. Derive simplified expressions for F2 for FeAl, including all the steps and rules governing observed diffractions. The solutions should contain no complex numbers Fe Figure 1 A

Give the clectron configurations for using the periodic table inside the front cover of this book The electron configuration (Neutral atom form) The electron configuration (lon form) 19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 22 Ti 23 24 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Za 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr

Using the tables of H 0 and S 0 from Appendix C in the back of the textbook, calculate G 0 for the following reaction. Comment on the spontaneity of the reaction. 2 AlCl 3 (s) + 3 Zn (s) 3 ZnCl 2 (s) + 2 Al (s)

Q1. a). The Debye temperature Tp of GaAs is 394 K. Calculate its specific heat capacity at 300 K and at 30 C (Given at 300K, molar heat capacity, Cm 23.1JK mol1 and at 30 C, Cm 22.7 JK1 mol1.) b). For InSb, Tp 203 K. Calculate the room temperature specific heat capacity of InSb and compare it with the value expected from the DulongPetit rule (T

When the Cu2+ concentration is 2.5410-4 M, the observed cell potential at 298K for an electrochemical cell with the following reaction is 0.968V. What is the Cr3+ concentration? 3Cu2+(aq) + 2Cr(s)3Cu(s) + 2Cr3+(aq) Answer: M When the Hg 2+ concentration is 1.49 M, the observed cell potential at 298K for an electrochemical cell with the following

Scientists did experimental work on determination of equilibrium constants Keq for the decomposition of ammonium chloride NH,Cl NH3 HCL Researchers, decided to manipulate the concentration of ammonium chloride so that NH3 x HCl 100 constant Experimental data is given below Table 1. Experimental data on concentration of ammonium chloride and

The electron in a hydrogen atom, initially occupying a 4p orbital transitions to a different energy level by absorbing a quantity of energy. The radial factor for the orbital of the final state of the electron is given below. R(r) What orbital does the electron occupy after the transition 3s 4d 5p

1. Name the following molecules. Spelling counts. Br H,C CH3 CH3 CI a. CH3 b. CICCH,CH,CH . H. CH,OH F

Write the complete cquation for the dehydration reaction of the following alcohols. If more than one product can be formed, and one of the products is the major product, clearly indicate which one is the major product. If no dehydration reaction can occur, you must clearly indicate this by writing no reaction 2. CH,CH, HO. b. CH, CHCH, CH CH, CH,

1. N-methylpropanamine + ethanoic acid = ( ) 2. Why does so many organic compounds (compounds of carbon and hydrogen) exist. Provide at least two reasons.

5. The rate constants for the formation of CoX(NH3)s from Co(NH3)s(OH2)3 for X Cr, Br, N3, and SCN differ by no more than a factor of two. What is the mechanism of the substitution A) interchange associative, la B) associative, A C) interchange dissociative, Id D) dissociative, D

4. Which ligand has the strongest trans effect in reactions of transPECIL(PE 3)2 A) CI B) H C) CH3 D) CHs

3. The rate constants for the formation of transPECIY(PET3)2 from transPtCl2PEta)2 for Y Ct, Br, N3, and SCN differ by three orders of magnititue. What is the mechanism of the substitution A) dissociative, D B) interchange dissociative, ld C) associative, A D) interchange associative, la 4. Which ligand has the strongest trans effect in reactions

Draw Curved arrow mechanism of Erythrosine with vinegar and baking soda.

Suggest reagents that would accomplish each of the steps (a) and (d). (2 marks) Demonstrate your understanding of retrosynthetic analysis by redrawing step (b) in the retrosynthetic direction to show the disconnection of compound 2 and the synthons that correspond to the two reagents. (2 marks) Propose a mechanism for the Swern Oxidation, step

OH b. EtMgBr, THF . HO. BnO. BnO, H. H. 1 c. DMSO, (COCI)2, Et3N OTES d. BnO, BnO. 3 Et ethyl (CH2CH3) Bn benzyl (CH2PH) TES triethylsilyl (Si(CH2CH3)3) D TBS tertbutyldimethylsilyl (Si((CH3)2C(CH3)3)) DMSO dimethylsulfoxide 3 2.

Apply Lipinskis Rules to the structure of terfenadine. What does your analysis tell you about the suitability of terfenadine as a drug? (5 marks)

N Ph. OH HO Ph Terfenadine 4 Molecular Weight 471.67 LogP 3.22

1) Show all disconnections, synthons, and functional group interconversions (FGI's). Several steps are required. Terfenadine is synthesized industrially from the amine 5, the acid chloride 6, and tertbutyl benzene 7. Apply the principles of retrosynthetic analysis to disconnect terfenadine 4 to these building blocks. 2) Outline the synthesis of

Ph. Ph Terfenadine 4 Molecular Weight 471.67 LogP 3.22

In step (a), the hydrazone 8 reacts with 2 equivalents of butyl lithium (BuLi) to generate the anion 14. Propose a mechanism for this conversion. (4 marks)

TBSO OBn OTBS OTPS TPSO a. nBuLi, THE OBn NNHSO2A. H 10 TBSO TBSO TBSO OTPS OTPS OTPS c. LIAIH4, Et,0 OBn OBn OBn d. H. to 11 13 12 TPS tertbutyldiphenylsilyl (Si((C6H5)2C(CH3)3)) TBS tertbutyldimethylsilyl (Si((CH3)2C(CH3)3)) Bn benzyl (CH2PH) acac acetylacetonato (CH3COCH2COCH3) BuLi butyl lithium (CH3CH2CH2CH2LI) b. .....

Identify and name the type(s) of selectivity occurring in step (b). Step (d) is accomplished using carbonyl di-imidazole 15. Outline a mechanism for this transformation.

TBSO OBn OTPS OBn OTBS TPSO a. nBuLi, THE NNHSO2AR H 8 10 TBSO TBSO TBSO OTPS PS OTPS c. LIAIH4, Et,0 OBn OBn OBn d. H. to to 11 13 12 TPS tertbutyldiphenylsilyl (Si((C6H5)2C(CH3)3)) TBS tertbutyldimethylsilyl (Si((CH3)2C(CH3)3)) Bn benzyl (CH2PH) acac acetylacetonato (CH3COCH2COCH3) BuLi butyl lithium (CH3CH2CH2CH2LI) b. II .....

Draw compound 13 in your answer book and circle all the protecting groups What reagent(s) would you choose to selectively remove just the silyl ethers from 13? Using your answers to parts (v) and (vi) above, explain what is meant by an orthogonal protecting group strategy.

TBSO OBn OTPS OBn OTBS TPSO a. nBuLi, THE NNHSO2AR H 8 10 TBSO TBSO TBSO OTPS PS OTPS c. LIAIH4, Et,0 OBn OBn OBn d. H. to to 11 13 12 TPS tertbutyldiphenylsilyl (Si((C6H5)2C(CH3)3)) TBS tertbutyldimethylsilyl (Si((CH3)2C(CH3)3)) Bn benzyl (CH2PH) acac acetylacetonato (CH3COCH2COCH3) BuLi butyl lithium (CH3CH2CH2CH2LI) b. II .....

Suggest a mechanism to account for Step 1 in the sequence. (3 marks)

2 equivalents heat in acetic acid CC H NH3 N. NH H3C Step 1 H3 1. conc. HNO3 conc. H2SO4 Step 2 2. neutralisation NO2 NO2 NO2 N. NH HN N OH Step 3 CH3 CH3 CH3 2methyl4(5)nitroimidazole metronidazole

Suggest a mechanism to account for Step 3 in the sequence. In your answer explain the reason for the regioselectivity of this transformation.

2 equivalents heat in acetic acid NH3 N. NH H3C Step 1 H3 1. conc. HNO3 conc. H2SO4 Step 2 2. neutralisation NO2 NO2 ZON N. NH HN N FOH Step 3 CH3 CH3 CH3 2methyl4(5)nitroimidazole metronidazole

Outline a mechanism for Step 1. (1 mark) What is the name for the type of reaction that has occurred in Step 1? (1 mark) Outline a mechanism for Step 2. (4 marks) Account for the selectivity seen in the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that has occurred in Step 3. Give a brief mechanistic justification of your answer. (4 marks) n

N CI NH3 H20 N CI Step 1 N NH2 2,3dichloropyrazine Br Step 2 H heat in ethanol (solvent) CI I Br2 acetic acid (solvent) N Step 3 E Br

Give a brief mechanistic justification of why reaction did not also occur at position 3 to displace the bromo group in an analogous process. Three of the four nitrogens atoms of compound F are basic but the fourth is not protonated, even under very acidic conditions. Identify this non-basic nitrogen and explain why it is unreactive.

H. CI NH2 heat E Br F Br 3.

Suggest a structure for the compound (4). Using curly arrow notation, draw out the mechanism for the formation of compound (4). Use 3-dimensional structures to rationalize the relative stereochemistry of compound (4).

reagents Tesd OTHP compound compound 4 deprotection co,Me PGE compound ( OTHP

Suggest a structure for the compound (5). Using curly arrow notation, draw out the mechanism for the conversion of compound (5) into compound (6). Use 3-dimensional structures to rationalize the relative stereochemistry of compound (6).

reagents Tesd OTHP compound compound 4 deprotection co,Me PGE compound ( OTHP

Demonstrate your knowledge of palladium cross-coupling reactions by suggesting the structure of the compound (9). Suggest reagent(s) that would facilitate the cross-coupling reaction between compounds (7) and (8). Demonstrate your knowledge of palladium cross-coupling reactions by drawing a catalytic cycle for the Heck reaction.

OMe , OMe Br (7) reagents CF3 SB273005 HO Co,H compound (9) O,H (8)

Use your knowledge of the Heck reaction to suggest a structure for compound (12). Using curly arrow notation, suggest a plausible mechanism the reaction. n

Br NC CO,H.CY2NH H Pd(OAc)2, LiCI, LIOAC, Et,N (10) NC. compound (12) hepatitis C polymerase inhibitor (13) (11)

Demonstrate your knowledge of palladium cross-coupling reactions by suggesting structures for compounds (14) and (15). Suggest reagent(s) that would facilitate the cross-coupling reaction between compounds (14) and (15).

compound (14) TMS reagents F HN HN (16) Enduracil (17) compound (15) ZI

The frequency of light that has a wavelength of 0.682 m is The energy of a photon is 4.51 10 15 J. What is the wavelength What is the wavelength (in m) of a 0.225 kg ball moving with a speed of 5.97 10 6 m/s?

What is the groundstate electron configuration of Fe3 Answer with whole numbers only. If the subshell has no electrons, enter a zero. 4p 4s 3d

Predict the structure that would give the following H and CNMR spectra for C,H0. 1.3 (ppm) 1.5 1.4 12 2.80 2.70 2.60 (ppm) 4H 4H 6H 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Chemical shift (8, ppm) 160 140 100 20 180 120 80 60 40 PPM

made an experiment to make a Grignard reagent using ether and benzene bromide, and to make triphenylmethanol with methyl benzoate. At this time, the reaction efficiency was different when CPME was used as the solvent and when diethyl ether was used. Please tell me why CPME was more efficient.

5. Which two Dpentose sugars give optically active alditols when reduced with NaBH4 CHO HOH CH2OH Dglyceraldehyde. CHO CHO H HOH H2OH Derythrose HO H HHOH H2OH Dthreose CHO CHO CHO CHO O HO H H OH HO H HOH H HFOH CH2OH H HO H FOH H OH H2OH H2OH CH2OH Dribose Darabinose Dxylose Dlyxose CHO HOH CHO CHO CHO CHO CHO CHO H FOH HOH H FOH HOH H

Which molecule is N.Ndimethylpropylamine CH, O, CH, O CHCH,CH,CH, CH) CH O CCHCH, CH CHNH

the structure of (R)1cyclopropylprop2yl propionate (S)2bromo4oxopentanoic acid

Isomer set #1: Compound D, C 4 H 8 O 2 , shows a downfield singlet in its 1 H-NMR spectrum. Is it compound a or b? ___ab Isomer set #2: Compound D, C 4 H 8 O 2 , shows a downfield quartet in its 1 H-NMR spectrum. Is it compound a or b?

Based on a Ke value of 0.210 and the given data table, what are the equilibrium concentrations of XY, X, and Y, respectively Express the molar concentrations numerically. Consider mixture B, which will cause the net reaction to proceed forward. net Concentration (M) XY X Y initial 0.500 0.100 0.100 change x equilibrium 0.500 x 0.100 x 0.100 x

What is the final concentration of D at equilibrium if the initial concentrations are A 1.00 mol L1 and B 2.00 mol L1 Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. View Available Hint(s) HA D 0.54 M Submit Previous Answers Incorrect Try Again 4 attempts remaining

There is a piece of 10 mm thick airon plate. This plate initially has hydrogen uniformly distributed inside with an initial concentration Co. Assume that there is no hydrogen in the air. The plate is left in the air and the hydrogen concentration varies with the time as follows 4C 3TTX 97 Dt C(x,t) sin exp II where is the thickness of the

The maximum amount of zine phosphate that will dissolve in a 0.237 M zinc acetate solution is . ,Ksp 9.1 x 1033

Consider a coordination complex of Eus, which belongs to the point group D2h. Identify the irreducible representations corresponding to the 4f,3, 4fyz2 and 4fryz orbitals, whose shapes are represented below. fyz fxyz

Binding of acetylcholine to acetylcholine esterase is a diffusion controlled process with a rate constant kdifr of 2x10 M The diffusion coefficients for acetylcholine is 4x106 cms1 and acetylcholine esterase is immobilized at the neuromuscular membrane (D0 cms), If the spherical radius of acetylcholine is 160 pM, what is the radius of the

The determination of cyanide ions (CN-) is carried out according to the Mohr method: a titrating solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) is gradually added to the aqueous sample until a red precipitate corresponding to the silver (I) chromate (Ag2CrO4) appears. To observe the titration endpoint, a small amount of Sodium Chromate is added to the aqueous

Compound D, C4H8O, shows a downfield singlet in its HNMR spectrum. Is it compound a or b,Isomer set 1 O SOCCHICH CHICOCH.CH a b,Isomer set 2 O CHOCCHCH CHCOCH,CHS a b Compound D, C4llgO2, shows a downfield quartet in its HNMR spectrum. Is it compound a or b

ferrous Ammonium 25.00ml Sample Containing CI, was mede acidic and the Clo, was reduced to cr by the additing of lo.coml of 0.250 M sulfate. After the reaction was completed the excess fet was titrated. with 9.12 ml of o.bo M K Cr 07. Calculate the 1.ca (c10) fu 207 glamole) in the sample. ClO3 be6H CT 3420

Recent measurements of the meltwater from highaltitude snow in Green land and the Himalayas have given pH values of 5.15 instead of the expected value. Some of this difference can be explained by the variation of the equi librium constants as a function of temperature. a. Please calculate the pH of water at 0 C in equilibrium with CO at its

I. Name the following compounds using the IUPAC system. 1. CH3 CH CH3 H3C. CH .CH CH2 CH H3 (CH3)3 CH FCH2 2. H,C H3 3. H,C CHCC CH H,C CHCH3

Given the chemical reaction H,O2 H,O0 O2 You collected Oxygen gas in a 3.2 liter container over water at a temperature of 60C. If the pressure of oxygen were 875 mmHg, how many grams of H,O2 did you start with, and what is the volume due to just the water vapor

The corrosion rate of iron in deaerated HCl of pH 3 is 3.0gmd. Calculate the corrosion potential of iron in this acid versus 0.1 N calomel electrode. Assume that the entire iron surface acts as a cathode. ANS 0.719 V

Complete the following reaction (only the first step). Provide structures for the products formed. S

Complete and balance the following half-reaction in basic solution ClO3- --> ClO2

Answer the following questions by drawing out all intermediates and reagents necessary to preform the following transformations. (You should start with an arrow pointing down from the starting material with the reagents over that arrow and the arrow should point to the intermediate that results. Continue drawing arrows from the intermediates with

Calculate the pH of the solution after the addition of each of the given amounts of 0.0536 M HNO, to a 60.0 mL solution of 0.0750 M aziridine. The pK, of aziridinium is 8.04. What is the pH of the solution after the addition of 0.00 mL HNO, pH What is the pH of the solution after the addition of 6.62 mL HNO, pH What is the pH of the solution

1. Identify the reagent you would use to achieve the following transformation Br 2. What reagents and reaction conditions you would use to synthesize following compound to

Sketch the photoelectron spectrum of Zn (be sure to label the axes of your spectrum and label each peak with the corresponding subshell name), photograph or scan your drawing and upload it as a single file in PDF, GIF, PNG or JPEG format below.

To a 1.00 L solution of 0.35 M Na2SO4, you add 5 mL of 9.89 M Ca(NO3)2 to produce the insoluble CaSO4 precipitate as shown NazSO4 (aq) Ca(NO3)2 (aq) CaSO4 (5) 2NANO3 (aq) How many grams of CaSO4 precipitate will be formed

What configurations are found in the product(s) of the reaction below Br2 CH2CI2 O 1R,2S only O 1R,2R only O 15,2S only O an equal mixture of 1R,2R and 1S,2S O an equal mixture of 1R,2R and 1R,2S

What is the molar solubility of calcium carbonate (AGrxn52.850KJmol) at 52.4C in a solution prepared by dissolving 0.51 L of CO2 gas (at 26.9C and 664.7 mmHg) and 4.029 g of solid Ca(OH)2 in enough water to make 560.98 mL of solution Record your answer in micromolar and with 4 decimals.

What are common solvents used in separations Draw their structures and rank their polarities. Explain your answer based on the structure of each solvent and their functional groups.

The exam scores for a class are: 90, 85, 92, 84, 81, 64, 75, 90, 93, 95, 88, 89, 86, 96, 95, 85, 91, 98, 72, 93, 99, 83, 65 (a) What are the mean and median scores on this exam. (b) Describe the distribution of the exam score using the mean and median scores. (c) Create a histogram of the exam scores.

At the balance point the conductance of the cell will be equal to O a. 0.003 ohm. O b. 26.25 ohm1. O c. 2.625 ohm1. O d. 0.038 ohm1. Ri 60 ohm Cell R80 ohm Rs35 ohm Circuit for Conductance Cell

Which of the following will not react with a dienophile to form a DielsAlder adduct A. . . D. E. O A OB OC OD OE

draw reaction mechanism 1.collins oxidation CrO3, Piridine, CH2CI2(solvent) CH3CH2OH 2.jones oxidation Cro3,h2SO4, H2O CH3CH2OH

5. The sulfate in 186.5 mg sample was precipitated as BaSO, by addition of 32.00 mL of 0.0340 M BaCI,. The precipitate was removed by filtration and the remaining BaCl, consumed 37.5 mL of 0.0200 M EDTA for titration to the end point. Calculate the SO, in the sample. (MW of SO, is 80.06 gmol)

(2) Water at pressure P5000KPA and enthalpy h2950k3kg, determine the temperature, quality (if applicable) and phase.

Identify the anode and cathode for the following electrochemical cells, identify oxidation or reduction reaction at each electrode and calculate the potential for each electrochemical cell. The values in parentheses are the activities of the associated species. CuCuCl 2 (0.02)AgNO 3 (0.1) Ag PtH 2 (g, f H2 =1.00), H+ (0.10) Ce(SO 4 ) 3 (0.05) ,

A simple AA spectrometer is used to analyze copper in water samples. The blank provides a reading of 94.6, a 0.200 ppm Cu(II) solution gives a reading of 53.8, a sample gives a reading of 46.4 and the instrument reads 6.8 with the light beam blocked. What is the concentration of Cu(II) in the sample Assume Beers Law holds.

3. Monochloroacetic acid, HC2H2CIO2, is a skin irritant that is used in chemical peels intended to remove the top layer of dead skin from the face and ultimately improve the complexion. Write an equation for the dissociation of the acid and calculate the pH of a 0.010 M solution of monochloroacetic acid. pKa 2.87

The 1 H NMR spectrum for the commonly employed reactant hydrochloride is shown below. Despite featuring only a few signals, this spectrum provides an interesting case of assignment through the use of multiplicities and coupling constants. Can you assign the signals and explain the observed differences in geminal coupling constants?

C3HCIO 270 MHz H NMR spectrum in CDCI3 Source Robert MorshauserReich digitized hard copy g H Hz 20 10 H CI Hz 30 20 10 0 3.25 3.20 2.05 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.30 3.25 3.20 100 081.06 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 ppm

List all four protecting groups on this molecule, and what functional group they are protecting. When subjected to hydrogenation over Pd/C catalyst, which two protecting groups are removed? The next step in this synthesis is an intramolecular amide bond formation between the two unprotected groups. Using this fact combined with your previous

NHBoc H CO2BN Ph HN N COOME N H Cbz H ZI

Above text is from the experimental procedure for the intramolecular amide bond formation. If this reaction were to be scaled up for an industrial process, identify two different aspects of this procedure which would not be appropriate on industrial scale. (2 marks)

The crude material was dissolved in DMF (120) mL) and HOAt (2.05 g, 15.1 mmol, 6.0 equiv) was added. To this solution was added DCM (2.4 L, 201 DCMDMF, 1.0 mM) followed by EDCHC1 (1.44 g. 7.53 mmol, 3.0 equiv). After stirring at room temperature for 12 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated to ca. 500 mL., aqueous HC1 (1 M, 1500 mL) was

Rule of Three has been proposed for fragment molecules in fragment-based drug design (a variation on Lipinskis Rule of Five). This alternative set of rules states that: - Molecular weight < 300 - Hydrogen bond donors 3 - Hydrogen bond acceptors 3 - LogP 3 Compounds 1-3 are three of the most potent fragments from a recent screening study. For

NH2 1 3

Compounds 1 and 3 both bind to the same pocket of the same target protein. Compare the features of the two structures, and use this to explain the term bioisosteres? (3 marks)

NH2 1 3

1. Propose a retrosynthesis of compound 1, using two disconnection steps to give three simple starting materials. Show all your working, including the disconnections, retrosynthetic arrows, synthons, and corresponding reagents. 2. In your retrosynthesis, identify one instance where an issue of chemoselectivity arises, and draw the structure of one

NH2 1 3

The following compound 6 is a fragment that was synthesised from 4 via an epoxide 5. What reagents could achieve the reaction to form 5, and explain the observed stereoselectivity. (2 marks)

OH OH H2NNH2 ACOH 5 6

The formation of 6 from 5 is achieved using hydrazine (H 2 NNH 2 ) in acetic acid. Like the Shapiro reaction, the reaction goes through a vinyl anion intermediate. Propose a mechanism for this reaction.(You may use R groups to abbreviate if necessary)

LOH mechanism 5 vinyl anion intermediate 6

Using curly arrow notation, suggest a mechanism for generation of catalytically active Pd(0) from the Pd(II) containing Pd(OAc) 2 .(8 marks) n

Pd(OAc), (2 mol) RuPhos (4 mol) (F) H NBoc NHBOC NHBOC (H) (L) (G) RuPhos PICyla

Draw the catalytic cycle for the Heck reaction of F and G to give the product H. (6 marks)

Pd(OAc), (2 mol) RuPhos (4 mol) (F) H NBoc NHBOC NHBOC (H) (L) (G) RuPhos PICyla