Biological Psychology 12th Edition James W. Kalat - Solutions

Which neurotransmitter is broken into two pieces to inactivate it, after it excites the postsynaptic neuron?a. Dopamineb. Acetylcholinec. Glutamated. Serotonin
Which of these drugs exerts its behavioral effects by binding to the same receptor as a neurotransmitter?a. Amphetamineb. Cocainec. Nicotined. Marijuana
Which of the following is true of neuropeptides?a. They are released close to their receptors.b. A neuron releases them at a steady rate almost constantly.c. They produce rapid, brief effects.d. They are released either in large quantities or not at all.
Which kind of glia cell wraps around the synaptic terminals of axons?
Identify the four major structures that compose a neuron.
Which chemicals cross the blood–brain barrier by active transport?
Which chemicals cross the blood–brain barrier passively?
Identify one major advantage and one disadvantage of having a blood–brain barrier.
An advantage of the blood–brain barrier is that it keeps out most ______. A disadvantage is that it also keeps out _____.a. viruses . . . most nutrientsb. small molecules . . . fat-soluble moleculesc. harmful gases . . . oxygend. waste products . . . water
Which of the following is something that glia do NOT do?a. Synchronize activity of a group of axonsb. Remove waste materialc. Dilate blood vessels to increase blood flow to the most active brain areasd. Conduct action potentials
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major structures that compose a neuron?a. Dendritesb. Gliac. Somad. Axone. Presynaptic terminal
Of these species, which probably has the longest axons?a. Humansb. Chimpanzeesc. Cheetahsd. Giraffes
What does an afferent axon do?a. It controls involuntary behavior.b. It controls voluntary behavior.c. It carries output from a structure.d. It brings information into a structure.
Santiago Ramón y Cajal was responsible for which of these discoveries?a. The human cerebral cortex has many specializations to produce language.b. The brain’s left and right hemispheres control different functions.c. The nervous system is composed of separate cells.d. Neurons communicate at
When the membrane is at rest, what tends to drive the potassium ions out of the cell? What tends to draw them into the cell?
When the membrane is at rest, are the sodium ions more concentrated inside the cell or outside? Where are the potassium ions more concentrated?
What is the relationship between the threshold and an action potential?
What is the difference between a hyperpolarization and a depolarization?
As the membrane reaches the peak of the action potential, what brings the membrane down to the original resting potential?
During the rise of the action potential, do sodium ions move into the cell or out of it? Why?
Suppose researchers find that axon A can produce up to 1,000 action potentials per second (at least briefly, with maximum stimulation), but axon B can never produce more than 100 per second (regardless of the strength of the stimulus). What could we conclude about the refractory periods of the two
Does the all-or-none law apply to dendrites? Why or why not?
State the all-or-none law.
After the action potential reaches its peak, the potential across the membrane falls toward its resting level. What accounts for this recovery?a. The sodium–potassium pump removes the extra sodium.b. Potassium ions move out because their channels are open and the electrical gradient pushes them
During the rising portion of the action potential, which ions are moving across the membrane and in which direction?a. Sodium ions move out.b. Sodium ions move in.c. Both sodium and potassium ions move in.d. Potassium ions move in.
Under what conditions does an axon produce an action potential?a. Whenever the membrane is hyperpolarizedb. Whenever the membrane’s potential reaches the thresholdc. Whenever the membrane is depolarizedd. Whenever the membrane’s potential reaches zero
Suppose a neuron has a resting potential of 270 mV. If the potential goes to 280 mV, the change would be a _____.a. depolarizationb. hyperpolarization
The sodium–potassium pump moves sodium ions ____ and moves potassium ions _____.a. into the cell . . . out of the cellb. into the cell . . . into the cellc. out of the cell . . . into the celld. out of the cell. . . out of the cell
When the membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to draw sodium ions ___ the cell, and the electrical gradient draws them ___ the cell.a. into . . . out ofb. into . . . intoc. out of . . . intod. out of . . . out of
When the membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to draw potassium ions ___ the cell, and the electrical gradient draws them ___ the cell.a. into . . . out ofb. into . . . intoc. out of . . . intod. out of . . . out of
When the neuron’s membrane is at rest, sodium ions are more concentrated ____ the cell, and potassium ions are more concentrated ____.a. inside . . . outsideb. inside . . . insidec. outside . . . insided. outside . . . outside
State the all-or-none law of the action potential.
Discuss how the movement of sodium and potassium ions produces the action potential and recovery after it.
Explain how the sodium–potassium pump and the properties of the membrane lead to the resting potential of a neuron.
Summarize how the blood–brain barrier relates to protection and nutrition of neurons.
Describe neurons and glia, the cells that constitute the nervous system.

Showing 900 - 1000 of 936

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Step by Step Answers