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Questions and Answers of Banking

Elmo Inc.’s stock is currently selling at $60 per share. For each of the following situations (ignoring brokerage commissions), calculate the gain or loss that Courtney Schinke realizes if she
Assume that an investor buys 100 shares of stock at $50 per share, putting up a 60% margin. a. What is the debit balance in this transaction? b. How much equity capital must the investor provide to
Assume that an investor buys 100 shares of stock at $50 per share, putting up a 60% margin. If the stock rises to $60 per share, what is the investor's new margin position?
Assume that an investor buys 50 shares of stock at $45 per share, putting up a 70% margin.a. What is the debit balance in this transaction?b. How much equity funds must the investor provide to make
a. Evaluate each of these alternatives. On the basis of the limited information presented, recommend the one you feel is best.b. If Casinos International's stock price rises to $60, what will happen
a. Discuss the concept of pyramiding as it applies to this investment situation.b. What is the present margin position (in percent) of Ravi's account?c. Ravi buys the 1,000 shares of RS through his
What is a futures contract? Briefly explain how it is used as an investment vehicle.
What is the difference between physical commodities and financial futures? What are their similarities?
Describe a currency future and contrast it with an interest-rate future. What is a stock-index future, and how can it be used by investors?
Discuss how stock-index futures can be used for speculation and for hedging. What advantages are there to speculating with stock-index futures rather than specific issues of common stock?
What are futures options? Explain how they can be used by speculators. Why would an investor want to use an option on an interest-rate futures contract rather than the futures contract itself?
Discuss the difference between a cash market and a futures market.
What is the major source of return to commodities speculators? How important is current income from dividends and interest?
Explain how margin trading is conducted in the futures market. a. What is the difference between an initial deposit and a maintenance deposit? b. Are investors ever required to put up additional
List and briefly define the 5 essential parts of a commodities contract. Which parts have a direct bearing on the price behavior of the contract?
Briefly define each of the following: a. Settlement price b. Daily price limit c. Open interest d. Maximum daily price range e. Delivery month
What is the source of return on futures contracts? What measure is used to calculate the return on a commodities contract?
Several approaches to investing in commodities and explain the investment objectives of each.
Three of the biggest U.S. commodities exchanges—the CME, CBOT, and NYMEX—were identified in this chapter. Other U.S. exchanges and several foreign commodities exchanges are also closely followed
Using settlement or closing prices from Figures 15.3 and 15.4, find the value of the following commodities and financial futures contracts. a. March 2013 corn b. July 2013 corn c. December 2013
On the basis of the information provided, indicate how much profit or loss you would make in each of the futures transactions listed below. a. You buy 3 yen contracts at a quote of 1.0180 and sell
Josh Rink considers himself a shrewd commodities investor. Not long ago he bought one July cotton contract at $0.54 a pound and he recently sold it at $0.58 a pound. How much profit did he make? What
Not long ago, Vanessa Woods sold her company for several million dollars (after taxes). She took some of that money and put it into the stock market. Today Vanessa’s portfolio of blue-chip stocks
You have purchased a futures contract for euros. The contract is for 125,000 euros and the quote was 1.1636. On the delivery date, the exchange quote is 1.1050. Assuming you took delivery of the
An American currency speculator feels strongly that the value of the Canadian dollar is going to fall relative to the U.S. dollar over the short run. If he wants to profit from these expectations,
With regard to futures options, how much profit would an investor make if she bought a call option on gold at 7.20 when gold was trading at $482 an ounce, given that the price of gold went up to $525
You just heard a news story about mad cow disease in a neighboring country, and you believe that feeder cattle prices will rise dramatically in the next few months as buyers of cattle shift to U.S.
You decide to act on your hunches about feeder cattle, so you purchase 4 contracts for April delivery at 88.8. You are required to put down 10%. How much equity/capital did you need to make this
Taryn Arsenault is a regular commodities speculator. She is currently considering a short position in July oats, which are now trading at 248. Her analysis suggests that July oats should be trading
You were just notified that you will receive $100,000 in 2 months from the estate of a deceased relative. You want to invest this money in safe, interest-bearing instruments, so you decide to
George Seby is thinking about doing some speculating in interest rates. He thinks rates will fall and, in response, the price of Treasury bond futures should move from 92–15, their present quote,
Tori Reynolds has been an avid stock market investor for years. She manages her port-folio fairly aggressively and likes to short sell whenever the opportunity presents itself. Recently, she has
A wealthy investor holds $500,000 worth of U.S. Treasury bonds. These bonds are currently being quoted at 105% of par. The investor is concerned, however, that rates are headed up over the next 6
T. J. Patrick is a young, successful industrial designer in Portland, Oregon, who enjoys the excitement of commodities speculation. T. J. has been dabbling in commodities since he was a teen-ager-he
Jim Pernelli and his wife, Polly, live in Augusta, Georgia. Like many young couples, the Pernellis are a 2-income family. Jim and Polly are both college graduates and hold high-paying jobs. Jim has
Define what happened to the following traditional investment banks in 2008– 2009. Goldman Sachs Bear Stearns Morgan Stanley Lehman Brothers Merrill Lynch 2.
Explain the following terms and explain why they were important during the housing and credit crisis of 2007– 2009. Securitization Subprime loan Asset write- down 3.
Explain how a OBHC differs from a MBHC. How does each of these differ from a financial services holding company?
What is the specific federal income tax treatment of an S Corp bank? How are stock holders taxed?
Define transactions banking and relationship banking. Which types of financial institutions most aggressively pursue each of these business models?
Use the information in Exhibit 1.10 to explain what amounts and proportions of Bank of America’s earnings come from each different line of business. Which lines of business likely produce the most
Provide three reasons why the number of independent commercial banks might fall sharply over the next few years.
List and describe the different channels that banks use to deliver banking services. For each, describe the characteristics of the customers who will likely be active users of services in that
What are the advantages of a depository institution having many branches in a city or state as opposed to just one main office location? What are the disadvantages?
Documents the sharp drop in financial assets controlled by depository institutions. Explain why depository institutions are losing market share. What must happen for them to reverse this trend?
What are the basic arguments for increasing capital requirements at large commercial banks? In what ways will depositors, stockholders, and society in general benefit? How might each group be
Much of the intense competition in the financial services industry comes from pro-ducts that are the most standardized, such as mortgages, automobile loans, money market accounts, savings accounts,
What are the issues surrounding “too big to fail”? Is it possible for Congress to simply “outlaw” TBTF institutions? Why or why not?
Summarize the five major provisions of the Dodd- Frank Act in terms of the impact on the operating performance of financial institutions and the efficiency of financial markets.
Explain why there are so many different regulatory agencies. Devise a regulatory structure that would improve the existing system.
What are the basic objectives of depository institution regulation? How do regulators attempt to achieve these objectives?
Is the purpose of commercial bank regulation to prevent bank failures? Explain.
Federal deposit insurance used to cover a maximum of $ 40,000 per eligible account. It was later raised to $ 100,000 per account and is now $ 250,000 per eligible account. What cost and/ or risk does
What does the acronym CAMELS refer to in commercial bank examinations? What are the most important facets of an examination?
Why were commercial banks prohibited from underwriting corporate securities within the United States but not abroad? How can a depository institution engage in underwriting corporate securities today?
Change is always good for some participants and bad for others. Which types of financial institutions appear best situated to gain from potential changes in the regulatory structure within the
Outline the major provisions of the Gramm– Leach– Bliley Act of 1999. Many experts considered this bill to favor larger multibank holding companies. What are some of the advantages or
What are the major categories of depository institution assets and their approximate percentage contribution to total resources? What are the major categories of depository institution liabilities?
Rank the following assets from lowest to highest liquidity risk: a. Three- month Treasury bills with one- year construction loan b. Four- year car loan with monthly payments c. Five- year Treasury
In each pair below, indicate which asset exhibits the greatest credit risk. Describe why. a. Commercial loan to a Fortune 500 company or a loan to a corner grocery store b. Commercial loans to two
What ratios on common sized financial statements would indicate a small bank versus a large, multibank holding company? Cite at least five.
In some instances, when a depository institution borrower cannot make the promised principal and interest payment on a loan, the bank will extend another loan for the customer to make the payment.
Suppose that your bank had reported a substantial loss during the past year. You are meeting with the bank’s board of directors to discuss whether the bank should make its traditional (25 years
Explain how each of the following potentially affects a bank’s liquidity risk: a. Most (95 percent) of the bank’s securities holdings are classified as held- to-maturity.b. The bank’s core
Depository institutions typically differentiate between interest and noninterest income and expense. What are the primary components of each? Define net interest income (NIM) and burden. What does a
Using PNC as a typical large depository institution, which balance sheet accounts would be affected by the following transactions? Indicate at least two accounts with each transaction. a. Arturo
Arrange the following items into an income statement. Label each item, place it in the appropriate category, and determine the bank’s bottom- line net income. a. Interest paid on time deposits
What are the primary sources of risk that depository institution managers face? Describe how each risk type potentially affects performance. Provide one financial ratio to measure each type of risk
Bank L operates with an equity to asset ratio of 6 percent, while Bank S operates with a similar ratio of 10 percent. Calculate the equity multiplier for each bank and the corresponding return on
Define each of the following components of the return on equity model and discuss their interrelationships: a. ROE b. ROA c. EM d. ER e. AU
Explain how and why profitability ratios at small banks typically differ from those at the largest money center banks.
Regulators use the CAMELS system to analyze bank risk. What does CAMELS stand for and what financial ratios might best capture each factor?
When confronted with runaway noninterest expense, management’s first impulse is to cut costs. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this approach? What other approaches are possible?
What impact will online brokerages have on traditional commercial banks? Why?
Describe the strengths and weaknesses of expense reduction, revenue enhancement, and contribution growth strategies.
Your bank has just calculated the profitability of two small business customers. In both instances, the bank earned a monthly profit of $ 375 from both Detail Labs and The Right Stuff. Detail Labs
What are the primary sources of noninterest income for both a small community bank and a large bank with many subsidiaries and global operations?
What are the components of noninterest expense?
Describe why the efficiency ratio is a meaningful measure of cost control. Describe why it may not accurately measure cost control. What are the three primary parts of the efficiency ratio? Are there
Which of the following banks evidences better productivity? Both banks have $ 700 million in assets and conduct the same volume and type of business off-balance sheet.
Southwestern Bank reports that just 20 percent of its customers were profitable. Assuming that this applies to individuals’ account relationships, make three recommendations to increase the
Suppose that your bank imposes the following fees and/ or service charges. Explain the bank’s rationale and describe how you would respond as a customer. a. $ 1.50 per item for use of an ATM run
List the three primary sources of revenue from a commercial customer’s account. In today’s economic environment, indicate whether each is growing or declining in use and explain why.
For each of the following accounts, evaluate the profitability of the customer€™s account relationship with the bank. Did profits meet expectations? The expense figure includes the cost of
Describe the basic business of each of the following types of financial companies. Then explain why the firm in parentheses would want to operate as part of a financial holding company, or as part of
List the four types of businesses that investment banks traditionally engage in to sustain their operations. Describe the basic characteristics of each type by noting how the business might generate
Explain how Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 assets differ. Which asset type is the riskiest? Explain why.
Explain how financial leverage at investment banks differed from financial leverage at more traditional commercial banks. What is the benefit of this leverage? What are the primary risks associated
What are the principal benefits to MO Bank of becoming aligned with Mutual of Omaha Insurance Company, its parent company? Describe how the bank will take advantage of the parent company’s
Why do community banks not want Wal-Mart to be in the banking business? What are the possible benefits to Wal-Mart of such a move? What drawbacks do community bankers anticipate if Wal-Mart is
What are the principal benefits to BMW Bank of becoming aligned with BMW North America, its parent company? Describe how the bank will take advantage of the parent company’s business activity.
Describe key differences in the balance sheets and income statements of each of the following firms versus one of the banks introduced. a. Goldman Sachs Bank versus PNC Bank b. MO Bank versus
If you invest $ 1,000 today in a security paying 8 percent compounded quarterly, how much will the investment be worth seven years from today?
Consider a 4 percent coupon U. S. Treasury note that has a $ 10,000 face value and matures 10 years from today. This note pays interest semiannually. The current market interest rate on this bond is
A Treasury security carries a fixed 3 percent annual coupon rate and matures in exactly two years. The Treasury is currently priced at $ 10,000 par value to yield 3 percent to maturity. Assume that
Lamar Baily purchased a 7 percent coupon corporate bond that matured in 10 years and paid interest semiannually. He paid $ 2,800 and six months later, immediately following an interest payment, he
What is the duration of a bond with a par value of $ 10,000 that has a coupon rate of 3.5 percent annually and a final maturity of two years? Assume that the required rate of return is 4 percent
Guess the duration of the following investment. Is it less than two years, two to three years, three to four years, or greater than four years? After your guess, use a discount rate of 6 percent and
In each of the following financial situations, fill in the blank with the terms high duration, low duration, or zero duration, as appropriate. a. If you were considering buying a bond and you
One author says that duration is the weighted average life of a financial instrument. A different one says that duration is a measure of elasticity. Which of the authors is correct? Or, are they both

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