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Questions and Answers of
Databases
List the functional dependencies in the following table that concerns invoicing (an application Premiere Products is considering adding to its database), subject to the specified conditions. For a
Illustrate the physical-level design process by means of the design shown in Question 7. List the tables, identify the keys, and list the special restrictions that programs must enforce. In Question
Is the database design method top-down or bottom-up? How can you modify this method to gain the advantages to both types of design methods?
Describe the different ways of implementing one-to-one relationships. Assume you are maintaining information on offices (office numbers, buildings, and phone numbers) and faculty (numbers and names).
For each of the following collections of relations, give the assumptions concerning the relationship between students, courses, and faculty members that are implied by the collection. In each
Describe the relationship between columns that can be null and entity subtypes. Under what circumstances would these columns lead to more than one entity subtype?
How is it possible to merge a collection of relations that is in third normal form into a cumulative design that is in third normal form but not obtain a collection of relations that is in third
Describe the entity-relationship model. How are entities, relationships, and attributes represented in this model? What is a composite entity? Describe the approach to diagrams that uses a crow’s
What is the purpose of breaking down the overall design problem into a consideration of individual user views?
The information-level design method presented in this chapter contains steps that must be repeated for each user view. List the steps and briefly describe the kinds of activities that must take place
Describe the function of each of the following types of keys: primary, alternate, secondary, and foreign.
Suppose a given user view contains information about employees and projects. Suppose further each employee has a unique EmployeeNum and each project has a unique ProjectNum. Explain how you would
A database at a college is required to support the following requirements. Complete the information-level design for this set of requirements. Use your own experience to determine any constraints you
1. Indicate the changes you need to make to the design of the Premiere Products database to support the following situation. A customer is not necessarily represented by a single sales rep but can be
1. Design a database for Ray. He is interested in movie DVDs and wants to keep information on movies, actors, and directors in a database. The only user is Ray, and he needs to produce the following
1. Design a database to produce the following reports. Do not use any surrogate keys in your design.a. For each marina, list the marina number, name, address, city, state, and zip code.b. For each
When users update and retrieve data, what tasks does a DBMS perform that are hidden from the users?
How do some DBMSs use timestamping to handle concurrent update?
What is journaling? What two types of images does a DBMS output to its journal?
When does a DBA use forward recovery? What are the forward recovery steps?
When does a DBA use backward recovery? What does the DBMS do to perform backward recovery?
What is encryption? How does encryption relate to security?
What is authentication? Describe three types of authentication.
What are integrity constraints? Describe four different ways to handle integrity constraints. Which approach is the most desirable?
What is replication? What is synchronization?
Describe three utility services that a DBMS should provide.
What is a procedural language? What is a nonprocedural language?
How does a catalog differ from a data dictionary?
Describe a situation that could cause a lost update.
What is a transaction?
Describe two-phase locking.
What is deadlock? How does it occur?
While users were updating the Premiere Products database, one of the transactions was interrupted. You need to explain to management what steps the DBMS will take to correct the database. Using the
Occasionally, users at Premiere Products obtain incorrect results when they run queries that include built-in (aggregate, summary, or statistical) functions. The DBA told management that unrepeatable
You’ve explained replication to management, and some managers ask you for examples of when replication could be useful to them. Describe two situations, other than the ones given in the text, when
The staff of the marketing department at Premiere Products is scheduled to receive some statistical databases, and they need you to explain these databases to them. (A statistical database is a
The DBA at Premiere Products wants you to investigate biometric identification techniques for potential use at the company for computer authentication purposes. Use books, articles, and/or the
1. Many computer magazines and Web sites present comparisons of several DBMSs. Find one such DBMS comparison and compare the functions in this chapter to the listed features and functions in the
1. The log shown in Figure 7-19 includes four transactions that completed successfully. For each of the four transactions, list the transaction ID and the table(s) modified. Also, list whether the
What is a DBA? Why is this position necessary?
After a DBMS has been selected, what is the DBA’s role in DBMS maintenance?
What are the DBA’s responsibilities with regard to the data dictionary?
What are the DBA’s database design responsibilities?
What are the DBA’s responsibilities regarding access privileges?
What are the DBA’s responsibilities regarding security?
What are data archives? What purpose do they serve? What is the relationship between a database and its data archives?
Name five categories that you usually find on a DBMS evaluation and selection checklist.
1. The DBA asks for your help in planning the data archive for the following Premiere Products database:Rep (RepNum, LastName, FirstName, Street, City, State,Zip, Commission, Rate)Customer
1. The DBA asks for your help in planning the data archive for the following Henry Books database:Branch (BranchNum, BranchName, BranchLocation)Publisher (PublisherCode, PublisherName, City)Author
1. The DBA asks for your help in planning the data archive for the following Alexamara database:Marina (MarinaNum, MarinaName, Address, City, State, Zip)Owner (OwnerNum, LastName, FirstName, Address,
What is a distributed database? What is a DDBMS?
What is meant by local deadlock? By global deadlock?
Describe the two-phase commit process. How does it work? Why is it necessary?
Describe three possible approaches to storing data dictionary entries in a distributed system.
What different design decisions do you make to access data rapidly in a centralized database compared to a distributed database?
List and briefly describe the 12 rules against which you can measure DDBMSs.
In a two-tier client/server architecture, what problems occur when you place the business functions on the clients? On the server?
What is a three-tier architecture?
List the advantages of a client/server architecture as compared to a file server.
What are HTTP and TCP/IP?
What are dynamic Web pages? How can you augment HTML to provide the dynamic capability?
How does a homogeneous DDBMS differ from a heterogeneous DDBMS? Which is more complex?
Explain why HTTP is a stateless protocol and what types of techniques are used in e-commerce to deal with this complication.
What is XML? Why was it developed?
What is the purpose of DTDs and XML schemas?
What does XSLT accomplish?
What are the 12 rules against which you can measure OLAP systems?
What is inheritance? What are the benefits to inheritance?
What is location transparency?
What are the 14 rules against which you can measure object-oriented systems?
What is replication? Why is it used? What benefit is derived from using it? What are the biggest potential problems?
What is replication transparency?
What is data fragmentation? What purpose does data fragmentation serve?
What is fragmentation transparency?
Fragment the Customer table so that customers of rep 20 form a fragment named CustomerRep20, customers of rep 35 form a fragment named CustomerRep35, and customers of rep 65 form a fragment named
Create a class diagram for the Premiere Products database, as shown in Chapter 1, Figure 1-5. If you need to make any assumptions in preparing the diagram, document those assumptions.
A user queries the Part table in the Premiere Products database over the company intranet. Assume the Part table contains 5,000 rows, each row is 1,000 bits long, the access delay is 2.5 seconds, the
1. Use computer magazines or the Internet to investigate one of these DBMSs: DB2, SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, or Sybase. Then prepare a report that explains how that DBMS handles two of the following
1. Use computer magazines, books, or the Internet to investigate one of the following Web services: Application Programming Interface (API); Common Gateway Interface (CGI); Simple Object Access
Discuss the effect of the following changes on the design for the Marvel College requirements:a. More than one instructor might teach a given section of a course, and each instructor must be listed
Briefly describe the process of database implementation.
Briefly describe the process of developing the front end applications.
What are the similarities and differences between the development of the initial and subsequent versions of the database?
What are the main four categories of people involved with database projects?
Give several examples of converting data to information.
Create your own example that shows a collection of data, first without the metadata and then with the metadata.
Describe the relationship between the database and DBMS.
What are the steps in the development of a database system?
Explain the iterative nature of the database requirements collection, definition, and visualization process.
How are exact minimum and maximum cardinalities depicted in a relationship?
Create an example of an entity with several attributes.
Create requirements and the ER diagram for a scenario with two entities (both with several attributes) involved in a relationship with exact minimum and maximum cardinalities.
Create requirements and the ER diagram with several attributes for a scenario with an entity involved in a unary relationship.
Create requirements and the ER diagram for a scenario with two entities (both with several attributes) involved in two separate relationships.
Create requirements and the ER diagram for a scenario with two entities (both with several attributes), one of which is a weak entity and the other its owner entity, involved in an identifying
Create requirements and the ER diagram for a scenario with two entities (both with several attributes) involved in the following relationship: a. M relationship, where participation on the 1 side is
Create requirements and the ER diagram for a scenario with two entities (both with several attributes) involved in a many-to-many relationship that has a relationship attribute.
Create an example of an entity with a composite attribute.
Create an example of an entity with a composite unique attribute.
Create an example of an entity with candidate keys (multiple unique attributes).
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