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mechanical engineering

Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach 8th edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles - Solutions

An insulated, vertical piston-cylinder device initially contains 10 kg of water, 6 kg of which is in the vapor phase. The mass of the piston is such that it maintains a constant pressure of 200 kPa inside the cylinder. Now steam at 0.5 MPa and 350oC is allowed to enter the cylinder from a supply
A scuba diver's 2-ft3 air tank is to be filled with air from a compressed air line at 120 psia and 85°F. Initially, the air in this tank is at 20 psia and 60°F. Presuming that the tank is well insulated, determine the temperature and mass in the tank when it is filled to 120 psia.
A desktop computer is to be cooled by a fan whose flow rate is 0.34 m3/min. Determine the mass flow rate of air through the fan at an elevation of 3400 m where the air density is 0.7 kg/m3. Also, if the average velocity of air is not to exceed 110 m/min, determine the diameter of the casing of the
An air-conditioning system is to be filled from a rigid container that initially contains 5 kg of liquid R-134a at 24°C. The valve connecting this container to the air-conditioning system is now opened until the mass in the container is 0.25 kg, at which time the valve is closed. During this time,
Oxygen is supplied to a medical facility from ten 1.5-ft3 compressed oxygen tanks. Initially, these tanks are at 1500 psia and 80°F. The oxygen is removed from these tanks slowly enough that the temperature in the tanks remains at 80°F. After two weeks, the pressure in the tanks is 300 psia.
A 0.06-m3 rigid tank initially contains refrigerant-134a at 0.8 MPa and 100 percent quality. The tank is connected by a valve to a supply line that carries refrigerant-134a at 1.2 MPa and 368C. Now the valve is opened, and the refrigerant is allowed to enter the tank. The valve is closed when it is
A 0.3-m3 rigid tank is filled with saturated liquid water at 2008C. A valve at the bottom of the tank is opened, and liquid is withdrawn from the tank. Heat is transferred to the water such that the temperature in the tank remains constant. Determine the amount of heat that must be transferred by
A 2-ft3 rigid tank contains saturated refrigerant- 134a at 160 psia. Initially, 5 percent of the volume is occupied by liquid and the rest by vapor. A valve at the top of the tank is now opened, and vapor is allowed to escape slowly from the tank. Heat is transferred to the refrigerant such that
A 0.3-m3 rigid tank initially contains refrigerant- 134a at 14oC. At this state, 55 percent of the mass is in the vapor phase, and the rest is in the liquid phase. The tank is connected by a valve to a supply line where refrigerant at 1.4 MPa and 100oC flows steadily. Now the valve is opened
A balloon that initially contains 50 m3 of steam at 100 kPa and 1508C is connected by a valve to a large reservoir that supplies steam at 150 kPa and 2008C. Now the valve is opened, and steam is allowed to enter the balloon until the pressure equilibrium with the steam at the supply line is
The air-release flap on a hot-air balloon is used to release hot air from the balloon when appropriate. On one hot-air balloon, the air release opening has an area of 0.5 m2, and the filling opening has an area of 1 m2. During a two minute adiabatic flight maneuver, hot air enters the balloon at
An insulated 0.15-m3 tank contains helium at 3 MPa and 130oC. A valve is now opened, allowing some helium to escape. The valve is closed when one-half of the initial mass has escaped. Determine the final temperature and pressure in the tank.
An insulated 40-ft3 rigid tank contains air at 50 psia and 120°F. A valve connected to the tank is now opened, and air is allowed to escape until the pressure inside drops to 25 psia. The air temperature during this process is maintained constant by an electric resistance heater placed in the
A pump increases the water pressure from 100 kPa at the inlet to 900 kPa at the outlet. Water enters this pump at 15°C through a 1-cm-diameter opening and exits through a 1.5-cm-diameter opening. Determine the velocity of the water at the inlet and outlet when the mass flow rate through the pump
A vertical piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.2 m3 of air at 20°C. The mass of the piston is such that it maintains a constant pressure of 300 kPa inside. Now a valve connected to the cylinder is opened, and air is allowed to escape until the volume inside the cylinder is decreased by
vertical piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.25 m3 of air at 600 kPa and 300°C. A valve connected to the cylinder is now opened, and air is allowed to escape until three quarters of the mass leave the cylinder at which point the volume is 0.05 m3. Determine the final temperature in the
A vertical piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.01 m3 of steam at 2008C. The mass of the frictionless piston is such that it maintains a constant pressure of 500 kPa inside. Now steam at 1 MPa and 3508C is allowed to enter the cylinder from a supply line until the volume inside doubles.
The air in an insulated, rigid compressed-air tank whose volume is 0.5 m3 is initially at 4000 kPa and 20°C. Enough air is now released from the tank to reduce the pressure to 2000 kPa. Following this release, what is the temperature of the remaining air in the tank?
An insulated vertical piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.8 m3 of refrigerant-134a at 1.4 MPa and 120°C. A linear spring at this point applies full force to the piston. A valve connected to the cylinder is now opened, and refrigerant is allowed to escape. The spring unwinds as the piston
The air in a 6-m × 5-m × 4-m hospital room is to be completely replaced by conditioned air every 15 min. If the average air velocity in the circular air duct leading to the room is not to exceed 5 m/s, determine the minimum diameter of the duct.
A long roll of 1-m-wide and 0.5-cm-thick 1-Mn manganese steel plate (r 5 7854 kg/m3) coming off a furnace is to be quenched in an oil bath to a specified temperature. If the metal sheet is moving at a steady velocity of 10 m/min, determine the mass flow rate of the steel plate through the oil bath.
Air at 4.18 kg/m3 enters a nozzle that has an inletto- exit area ratio of 2:1 with a velocity of 120 m/s and leaves with a velocity of 380 m/s. Determine the density of air at the exit.
An air compressor compresses 15 L/s of air at 120 kPa and 20°C to 800 kPa and 300°C while consuming 6.2 kW of power. How much of this power is being used to increase the pressure of the air versus the power needed to move the fluid through the compressor?
Saturated refrigerant-134a vapor at 34°C is to be condensed as it flows in a 1-cm-diameter tube at a rate of 0`.1 kg/min. Determine the rate of heat transfer from the refrigerant. What would your answer be if the condensed refrigerant is cooled to 20°C?
Refrigerant-134a enters a 28-cm-diameter pipe steadily at 200 kPa and 20°C with a velocity of 5 m/s. The refrigerant gains heat as it flows and leaves the pipe at 180 kPa and 40°C. Determine (a) The volume flow rate of the refrigerant at the inlet, (b) The mass flow rate of the refrigerant, and
A steam turbine operates with 1.6 MPa and 350°C steam at its inlet and saturated vapor at 30°C at its exit. The mass flow rate of the steam is 22 kg/s, and the turbine produces 12,350 kW of power. Determine the rate at which heat is lost through the casing of this turbine.
Nitrogen gas flows through a long, constant-diameter adiabatic pipe. It enters at 100 psia and 120°F and leaves at 50 psia and 70°F. Calculate the velocity of the nitrogen at the pipe's inlet and outlet.
A 110-V electric hot-water heater warms 0.1 L/s of water from 18 to 30°C. Calculate the current in amperes that must be supplied to this heater.
Steam enters a long, insulated pipe at 1200 kPa, 250°C, and 4 m/s, and exits at 1000 kPa. The diameter of the pipe is 0.15 m at the inlet, and 0.1 m at the exit. Calculate the mass flow rate of the steam and its speed at the pipe outlet.
Air enters a pipe at 65°C and 200 kPa and leaves at 60°C and 175 kPa. It is estimated that heat is lost from the pipe in the amount of 3.3 kJ per kg of air flowing in the pipe. The diameter ratio for the pipe is D1/D2 5 1.4. Using constant specific heats for air, determine the inlet and exit
Steam enters a nozzle with a low velocity at 150°C and 200 kPa, and leaves as a saturated vapor at 75 kPa. There is a heat transfer from the nozzle to the surroundings in the amount of 26 kJ for every kilogram of steam flowing through the nozzle. Determine (a) The exit velocity of the steam and
In a gas-fired boiler, water is boiled at 180oC by hot gases flowing through a stainless steel pipe submerged in water. If the rate of heat transfer from the hot gases to water is 48 kJ/s, determine the rate of evaporation of water.
Saturated steam at 1 atm condenses on a vertical plate that is maintained at 90°C by circulating cooling water through the other side. If the rate of heat transfer by condensation to the plate is 180 kJ/s, determine the rate at which the condensate drips off the plate at the bottom.
The condenser of a steam power plant operates at a pressure of 0.95 psia. The condenser consists of 144 horizontal tubes arranged in a 12 × 12 square array. Steam condenses on the outer surfaces of the tubes whose inner and outer diameters are 1 in and 1.2 in, respectively. If steam is to be
In large steam power plants, the feed-water is frequently heated in a closed feed-water heater by using steam extracted from the turbine at some stage. Steam enters the feed-water heater at 1 MPa and 200°C and leaves as saturated liquid at the same pressure. Feed-water enters the heater at 2.5 MPa
A smoking lounge is to accommodate 15 heavy smokers. The minimum fresh air requirement for smoking lounges is specified to be 30 L/s per person (ASHRAE, Standard 62, 1989). Determine the minimum required flow rate of fresh air that needs to be supplied to the lounge, and the diameter of the duct if
Cold water enters a steam generator at 20°C and leaves as saturated vapor at 200°C. Determine the fraction of heat used in the steam generator to preheat the liquid water from 20°C to the saturation temperature of 200°C.
Cold water enters a steam generator at 20°C and leaves as saturated vapor at the boiler pressure. At what pressure will the amount of heat needed to preheat the water to saturation temperature be equal to the heat needed to vaporize the liquid at the boiler pressure?
An ideal gas expands in an adiabatic turbine from 1200 K and 900 kPa to 800 K. Determine the turbine inlet volume flow rate of the gas, in m3/s, required to produce turbine work output at the rate of 650 kW. The average values of the specific heats for this gas over the temperature range and the
Chickens with an average mass of 2.2 kg and average specific heat of 3.54 kJ/kg·°C are to be cooled by chilled water that enters a continuous-flow-type immersion chiller at 0.5°C. Chickens are dropped into the chiller at a uniform temperature of 15°C at a rate of 500 chickens per hour and are
Repeat Prob. 5-153 assuming heat gain of the chiller is negligible.
A refrigeration system is being designed to cool eggs ( ƿ = 67.4 lbm/ft3 and cp = 0.80 Btu/lbm·°F) with an average mass of 0.14 lbm from an initial temperature of 90°F to a final average temperature of 50°F by air at 34°F at a rate of 10,000 eggs per hour. Determine (a) The rate of heat
A glass bottle washing facility uses a well-agitated hot-water bath at 50°C that is placed on the ground. The bottles enter at a rate of 450 per minute at an ambient temperature of 20°C and leave at the water temperature. Each bottle has a mass of 150 g and removes 0.2 g of water as it leaves the
The heat of hydration of dough, which is 15 kJ/kg, will raise its temperature to undesirable levels unless some cooling mechanism is utilized. A practical way of absorbing the heat of hydration is to use refrigerated water when kneading the dough. If a recipe calls for mixing 2 kg of flour with 1
Long aluminum wires of diameter 5 mm (Æ¿ = 2702 kg/m3 and cp = 0.896 kJ/kg·°C) are extruded at a temperature of 350°C and are cooled to 50°C in atmospheric air at 25°C. If the wire is extruded at a velocity of 8 m/min, determine the rate of heat transfer from the
Repeat Prob. 5 - 158 for a copper wire (ƿ = 8950 kg/m3 and cp = 0.383 kJ/kg·°C).
Consider a 300-L storage tank of a solar water heating system initially filled with warm water at 45°C. Warm water is withdrawn from the tank through a 2-cm diameter hose at an average velocity of 0.5 m/s while cold water enters the tank at 20°C at a rate of 15 L/min. Determine the amount
Steam at 80 psia and 400°F is mixed with water at 60°F and 80 psia steadily in an adiabatic device. Steam enters the device at a rate of 0.05 lbm/s, while the water enters at 1 lbm/s. Determine the temperature of the mixture leaving this device when the outlet pressure is 80 psia.
A constant-pressure R-134a vapor separation unit separates the liquid and vapor portions of a saturated mixture into two separate outlet streams. Determine the flow power needed to pass 6 L/s of R-134a at 320 kPa and 55 percent quality through this unit. What is the mass flow rate, in kg/s, of the
Consider two identical buildings: one in Los Angeles, California, where the atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa and the other in Denver, Colorado, where the atmospheric pressure is 83 kPa. Both buildings are maintained at 21°C, and the infiltration rate for both buildings is 1.2 air changes per hour
It is well established that indoor air quality (IAQ) has a significant effect on general health and productivity of employees at a workplace. A study showed that enhancing IAQ by increasing the building ventilation from 5 cfm (cubic feet per minute) to 20 cfm increased the productivity by 0.25
The ventilating fan of the bathroom of a building has a volume flow rate of 30 L/s and runs continuously. The building is located in San Francisco, California, where the average winter temperature is 12.2°C, and is maintained at 22°C at all times. The building is heated by electricity whose
During the inflation and deflation of a safety airbag in an automobile, the gas enters the airbag with a specific volume of 15 ft3/lbm and at a mass flow rate that varies with time as illustrated in Fig. P5-165E. The gas leaves this airbag with a specific volume of 13 ft3/lbm, with a mass flow rate
Determine the rate of sensible heat loss from a building due to infiltration if the outdoor air at 25°C and 95 kPa enters the building at a rate of 60 L/s when the indoors is maintained at 25°C.
An air-conditioning system requires airflow at the main supply duct at a rate of 130 m3/min. The average velocity of air in the circular duct is not to exceed 8 m/s to avoid excessive vibration and pressure drops. Assuming the fan converts 80 percent of the electrical energy it consumes into
The maximum flow rate of standard shower heads is about 3.5 gpm (13.3 L/min) and can be reduced to 2.75 gpm (10.5 L/min) by switching to low-flow shower heads that are equipped with flow controllers. Consider a family of four, with each person taking a 5-min shower every morning. City water at
Reconsider Prob. 5 - 168. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effect of the inlet temperature of cold water on the energy saved by using the lowflow shower head. Let the inlet temperature vary from 10°C to 20°C. Plot the electric energy savings against the water inlet temperature, and
An adiabatic air compressor is to be powered by a direct-coupled adiabatic steam turbine that is also driving a generator. Steam enters the turbine at 12.5 MPa and 500oC at a rate of 25 kg/s and exits at 10 kPa and a quality of 0.92. Air enters the compressor at 98 kPa and 295 K at a rate of 10
Determine the power input for a compressor that compresses helium from 110 kPa and 20°C to 400 kPa and 200°C. Helium enters this compressor through a 0.1-m2 pipe at a velocity of 9 m/s.
Refrigerant 134a enters a compressor with a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s and a negligible velocity. The refrigerant enters the compressor as a saturated vapor at 10°C and leaves the compressor at 1400 kPa with an enthalpy of 281.39 kJ/kg and a velocity of 50 m/s. The rate of work done on the
Submarines change their depth by adding or removing air from rigid ballast tanks, thereby displacing seawater in the tanks. Consider a submarine that has a 700 m3 air-ballast tank originally partially filled with 100 m3 of air at 1500 kPa and 15°C. For the submarine to surface, air at 1500 kPa and
In Prob. 5-173, presume that air is added to the tank in such a way that the temperature and pressure of the air in the tank remain constant. Determine the final mass of the air in the ballast tank under this condition. Also determine the total heat transfer while the tank is being filled in this
Water flows through a shower head steadily at a rate of 10 L/min. An electric resistance heater placed in the water pipe heats the water from 16 to 43°C. Taking the density of water to be 1 kg/L, determine the electric power input to the heater, in kW.In an effort to conserve energy, it is
Reconsider Prob. 5 - 175. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effect of the heat exchanger effectiveness on the money saved. Let effectiveness range from 20 to 90 percent. Plot the money saved against the effectiveness, and discuss the results.
A tank with an internal volume of 1 m3 contains air at 800 kPa and 25°C. A valve on the tank is opened allowing air to escape and the pressure inside quickly drops to 150 kPa, at which point the valve is closed. Assume there is negligible heat transfer from the tank to the air left in the tank.(a)
A liquid R-134a bottle has an internal volume of 0.0015 m3. Initially it contains 0.55 kg of R-134a (saturated mixture) at 26°C. A valve is opened and R-134a vapor only (no liquid) is allowed to escape slowly such that temperature remains constant until the mass of R-134a remaining is 0.15 kg.
Steam enters a turbine steadily at 7 MPa and 600°C with a velocity of 60 m/s and leaves at 25 kPa with a quality of 95 percent. A heat loss of 20 kJ/kg occurs during the process. The inlet area of the turbine is 150 cm2, and the exit area is 1400 cm2. Determine (a) The mass flow rate of the
How do the energies of a flowing fluid and a fluid at rest compare? Name the specific forms of energy associated with each case.
Reconsider Prob. 5 - 179. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effects of turbine exit area and turbine exit pressure on the exit velocity and power output of the turbine. Let the exit pressure vary from 10 to 50 kPa (with the same quality), and the exit area to vary from 1000 to 3000
In large gas-turbine power plants, air is preheated by the exhaust gases in a heat exchanger called the regenerator before it enters the combustion chamber. Air enters the regenerator at 1 MPa and 550 K at a mass flow rate of 800 kg/min. Heat is transferred to the air at a rate of 3200 kJ/s.
It is proposed to have a water heater that consists of an insulated pipe of 7.5-cm diameter and an electric resistor inside. Cold water at 20°C enters the heating section steadily at a rate of 24 L/min. If water is to be heated to 48°C, determine (a) The power rating of the resistance heater and
An insulated vertical piston - cylinder device initially contains 0.11 m3 of air at 150 kPa and 22°C. At this state, a linear spring touches the piston but exerts no force on it. The cylinder is connected by a valve to a line that supplies air at 700 kPa and 22°C. The valve is opened, and air
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 2 kg of refrigerant-134a at 800 kPa and 80°C. At this state, the piston is touching on a pair of stops at the top. The mass of the piston is such that a 500-kPa pressure is required to move it. A valve at the bottom of the tank is opened, and R-134a is
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 1.2 kg of air at 700 kPa and 2008C. At this state, the piston is touching on a pair of stops. The mass of the piston is such that 600-kPa pressure is required to move it. A valve at the bottom of the tank is opened, and air is withdrawn from the cylinder.
In a single-flash geothermal power plant, geothermal water enters the flash chamber (a throttling valve) at 230°C as a saturated liquid at a rate of 50 kg/s. The steam resulting from the flashing process enters a turbine and leaves at 20 kPa with a moisture content of 5 percent. Determine the
The turbocharger of an internal combustion engine consists of a turbine and a compressor. Hot exhaust gases flow through the turbine to produce work and the work output from the turbine is used as the work input to the compressor. The pressure of ambient air is increased as it flows through the
A building with an internal volume of 400 m3 is to be heated by a 30 - kW electric resistance heater placed in the duct inside the building. Initially, the air in the building is at 14°C, and the local atmospheric pressure is 95 kPa. The building is losing heat to the surroundings at a steady rate
A D0 = 10-m-diameter tank is initially filled with water 2 m above the center of a D = 10 cm-diameter valve near the bottom. The tank surface is open to the atmosphere, and the tank drains through a L = 100-m-long pipe connected to the valve. The friction factor of the pipe is given to be f 5
A house is maintained at 1 atm and 24°C, and warm air inside a house is forced to leave the house at a rate of 150 m3/h as a result of outdoor air at 5°C infiltrating into the house through the cracks. Determine the rate of net energy loss of the house due to mass transfer.
The velocity of a liquid flowing in a circular pipe of radius R varies from zero at the wall to a maximum at the pipe center. The velocity distribution in the pipe can be represented as V(r), where r is the radial distance from the pipe center. Based on the definition of mass flow rate m · ,
Two streams of the same ideal gas having different mass flow rates and temperatures are mixed in a steady-flow, adiabatic mixing device. Assuming constant specific heats, find the simplest expression for the mixture temperature written in the form
Steam is compressed by an adiabatic compressor from 0.2 MPa and 150°C to 2.5 MPa and 250°C at a rate of 1.30 kg/s. The power input to the compressor is (a) 144 kW (b) 234 kW (c) 438 kW (d) 717 kW (e) 901 kW
Steam enters a diffuser steadily at 0.5 MPa, 300°C, and 122 m/s at a rate of 3.5 kg/s. The inlet area of the diffuser is (a) 15 cm2 (b) 50 cm2 (c) 105 cm2 (d) 150 cm2 (e) 190 cm2
An adiabatic heat exchanger is used to heat cold water at 15°C entering at a rate of 5 kg/s by hot air at 90°C entering also at a rate of 5 kg/s. If the exit temperature of hot air is 20°C, the exit temperature of cold water is (a) 27°C (b) 32°C (c) 52°C (d) 85°C (e) 90°C
A heat exchanger is used to heat cold water at 15°C entering at a rate of 2 kg/s by hot air at 85°C entering at a rate of 3 kg/s. The heat exchanger is not insulated and is losing heat at a rate of 25 kJ/s. If the exit temperature of hot air is 20°C, the exit temperature of cold water is (a)
An adiabatic heat exchanger is used to heat cold water at 15°C entering at a rate of 5 kg/s by hot water at 90°C entering at a rate of 4 kg/s. If the exit temperature of hot water is 50°C, the exit temperature of cold water is (a) 42°C (b) 47°C (c) 55°C (d) 78°C (e) 90°C
In a shower, cold water at 10°C flowing at a rate of 5 kg/min is mixed with hot water at 60°C flowing at a rate of 2 kg/min. The exit temperature of the mixture is (a) 24.3°C (b) 35.0°C (c) 40.0°C (d) 44.3°C (e) 55.2°C
In a heating system, cold outdoor air at 7°C flowing at a rate of 4 kg/min is mixed adiabatically with heated air at 70°C flowing at a rate of 3 kg/min. The exit temperature of the mixture is (a) 34°C (b) 39°C (c) 45°C (d) 63°C (e) 77°C
Hot combustion gases (assumed to have the properties of air at room temperature) enter a gas turbine at 1 MPa and 1500 K at a rate of 0.1 kg/s, and exit at 0.2 MPa and 900 K. If heat is lost from the turbine to the surroundings at a rate of 15 kJ/s, the power output of the gas turbine is (a) 15 kW
A water pump increases the water pressure from 15 psia to 80 psia. Determine the flow work, in Btu/lbm, required by the pump.
Steam expands in a turbine from 4 MPa and 500°C to 0.5 MPa and 250°C at a rate of 1350 kg/h. Heat is lost from the turbine at a rate of 25 kJ/s during the process. The power output of the turbine is (a) 157 kW (b) 207 kW (c) 182 kW (d) 287 kW (e) 246 kW
Steam is compressed by an adiabatic compressor from 0.2 MPa and 150oC to 0.8 MPa and 350°C at a rate of 1.30 kg/s. The power input to the compressor is (a) 511 kW (b) 393 kW (c) 302 kW (d) 717 kW (e) 901 kW
Refrigerant-134a is compressed by a compressor from the saturated vapor state at 0.14 MPa to 0.9 MPa and 608C at a rate of 0.108 kg/s. The refrigerant is cooled at a rate of 1.10 kJ/s during compression. The power input to the compressor is (a) 4.94 kW (b) 6.04 kW (c) 7.14 kW (d) 7.50 kW (e)
Refrigerant-134a expands in an adiabatic turbine from 1.2 MPa and 100°C to 0.18 MPa and 50°C at a rate of 1.25 kg/s. The power output of the turbine is (a) 44.7 kW (b) 66.4 kW (c) 72.7 kW (d) 89.2 kW (e) 112.0 kW
Refrigerant-134a at 1.4 MPa and 90°C is throttled to a pressure of 0.6 MPa. The temperature of the refrigerant after throttling is (a) 22°C (b) 56°C (c) 82°C (d) 80°C (e) 90°C
Air at 27°C and 5 atm is throttled by a valve to 1 atm. If the valve is adiabatic and the change in kinetic energy is negligible, the exit temperature of air will be (a) 10°C (b) 15°C (c) 20°C (d) 23°C (e) 27°C
Steam at 1 MPa and 300°C is throttled adiabatically to a pressure of 0.4 MPa. If the change in kinetic energy is negligible, the specific volume of the steam after throttling is (a) 0.358 m3/kg (b) 0.233 m3/kg (c) 0.375 m3/kg (d) 0.646 m3/kg (e) 0.655 m3/kg
Air is to be heated steadily by an 8 - kW electric resistance heater as it flows through an insulated duct. If the air enters at 50°C at a rate of 2 kg/s, the exit temperature of air is (a) 46.0°C (b) 50.0°C (c) 54.0°C (d) 55.4°C (e) 58.0°C
Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigeration system as saturated vapor at 0.14 MPa, and leaves as superheated vapor at 0.8 MPa and 60°C at a rate of 0.06 kg/s. Determine the rates of energy transfers by mass into and out of the compressor. Assume the kinetic and potential energies to
Steam is leaving a pressure cooker whose operating pressure is 20 psia. It is observed that the amount of liquid in the cooker has decreased by 0.6 gal in 45 minutes after the steady operating conditions are established, and the cross-sectional area of the exit opening is 0.15 in2. Determine(a) The

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