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Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach 8th edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles - Solutions

Refrigerant-134a is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal Rankine cycle which operates the boiler at 2000 kPa and the condenser at 24°C. The mixture at the exit of the turbine has a quality of 93 percent. Determine the turbine inlet temperature, the cycle thermal efficiency, and the
A simple ideal Rankine cycle which uses water as the working fluid operates its condenser at 40°C and its boiler at 300°C. Calculate the work produced by the turbine, the heat supplied in the boiler, and the thermal efficiency of this cycle when the steam enters the turbine without any
A simple ideal Rankine cycle with water as the working fluid operates between the pressure limits of 2500 psia in the boiler and 5 psia in the condenser. What is the minimum temperature required at the turbine inlet such that the quality of the steam leaving the turbine is not below 80 percent.
Consider a 210-MW steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 500°C and is cooled in the condenser at a pressure of 10 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) The quality of the steam at
Repeat Prob. 10-16 assuming an isentropic efficiency of 85 percent for both the turbine and the pump. Prob. 10-16 Consider a 210-MW steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 500°C and is cooled in the condenser at a pressure of 10 kPa.
A steam Rankine cycle operates between the pressure limits of 1500 psia in the boiler and 2 psia in the condenser. The turbine inlet temperature is 800°F. The turbine isentropic efficiency is 90 percent, the pump losses are negligible, and the cycle is sized to produce 2500 kW of power. Calculate
Reconsider Prob. 10-18E. How much error is caused in the thermal efficiency if the power required by the pump were completely neglected? Prob. 10-18E A steam Rankine cycle operates between the pressure limits of 1500 psia in the boiler and 2 psia in the condenser. The turbine inlet temperature is
Water enters the boiler of a steady-flow Carnot engine as a saturated liquid at 400 psia and leaves with a quality of 0.95. Steam leaves the turbine at a pressure of 20 psia. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram relative to the saturation lines, and determine (a) The thermal efficiency, (b) The
A steam power plant operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle between the pressure limits of 1250 and 2 psia. The mass flow rate of steam through the cycle is 75 lbm/s. The moisture content of the steam at the turbine exit is not to exceed 10 percent. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to
Repeat Prob. 10-20E assuming an isentropic efficiency of 85 percent for both the turbine and the pump. Prob. 10-20E A steam power plant operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle between the pressure limits of 1250 and 2 psia. The mass flow rate of steam through the cycle is 75 lbm/s. The moisture
A simple Rankine cycle uses water as the working fluid. The boiler operates at 6000 kPa and the condenser at 50 kPa. At the entrance to the turbine, the temperature is 450°C. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 94 percent, pressure and pump losses are negligible, and the water leaving the
Using EES (or other) software, determine how much the thermal efficiency of the cycle in Prob. 10-22 would change if there were a 50 kPa pressure drop across the boiler.
The net work output and the thermal efficiency for the Carnot and the simple ideal Rankine cycles with steam as the working fluid are to be calculated and compared. Steam enters the turbine in both cases at 5 MPa as a saturated vapor, and the condenser pressure is 50 kPa. In the Rankine cycle, the
A binary geothermal power plant uses geothermal water at 160°C as the heat source. The cycle operates on the simple Rankine cycle with isobutane as the working fluid. Heat is transferred to the cycle by a heat exchanger in which geothermal liquid water enters at 160°C at a rate of 555.9
Consider a coal-fired steam power plant that produces 175 MW of electric power. The power plant operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle with turbine inlet conditions of 7 MPa and 550°C and a condenser pressure of 15 kPa. The coal has a heating value (energy released when the fuel is burned) of
Show the ideal Rankine cycle with three stages of reheating on a T-s diagram. Assume the turbine inlet temperature is the same for all stages. How does the cycle efficiency vary with the number of reheat stages?
A steady-flow Carnot cycle uses water as the working fluid. Water changes from saturated liquid to saturated vapor as heat is transferred to it from a source at 250°C. Heat rejection takes place at a pressure of 20 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram relative to the saturation lines, and
An ideal reheat Rankine cycle with water as the working fluid operates the boiler at 15,000 kPa, the reheater at 2000 kPa, and the condenser at 100 kPa. The temperature is 450°C at the entrance of the high-pressure and lowpressure turbines. The mass flow rate through the cycle is 1.74 kg/s.
A steam power plant operates on the ideal reheat Rankine cycle. Steam enters the high pressure turbine at 6 MPa and 400°C and leaves at 2 MPa. Steam is then reheated at constant pressure to 400°C before it expands to 20 kPa in the low-pressure turbine. Determine the turbine work output, in kJ/kg,
Reconsider Prob. 10-31. Using EES (or other) software, solve this problem by the diagram window data entry feature of EES. Include the effects of the turbine and pump efficiencies and also show the effects of reheat on the steam quality at the low pressure turbine exit. Plot the cycle on a T-s
Steam enters the high-pressure turbine of a steam power plant that operates on the ideal reheat Rankine cycle at 800 psia and 900°F and leaves as saturated vapor. Steam is then reheated to 800°F before it expands to a pressure of 1 psia. Heat is transferred to the steam in the boiler at a rate of
Consider a steam power plant that operates on the ideal reheat Rankine cycle. The plant maintains the boiler at 5000 kPa, the reheat section at 1200 kPa, and the condenser at 20 kPa. The mixture quality at the exit of both turbines is 96 percent. Determine the temperature at the inlet of each
A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat Rankine cycle between the pressure limits of 15 MPa and 10 kPa. The mass flow rate of steam through the cycle is 12 kg/s. Steam enters both stages of the turbine at 5008C. If the moisture content of the steam at the exit of the lowpressure turbine is
A steam power plant operates on the reheat Rankine cycle. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 12.5 MPa and 5508C at a rate of 7.7 kg/s and leaves at 2 MPa. Steam is then reheated at constant pressure to 4508C before it expands in the low-pressure turbine. The isentropic efficiencies of the
Consider a steam power plant that operates on a reheat Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 80 MW. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 10 MPa and 5008C and the low-pressure turbine at 1 MPa and 5008C. Steam leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid at a pressure of 10 kPa. The
Repeat Prob. 10-37 assuming both the pump and the turbine are isentropic. Prob. 10-37 Consider a steam power plant that operates on a reheat Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 80 MW. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 10 MPa and 5008C and the low-pressure turbine at 1 MPa and 5008C.
During a regeneration process, some steam is extracted from the turbine and is used to heat the liquid water leaving the pump. This does not seem like a smart thing to do since the extracted steam could produce some more work in the turbine. How do you justify this action?
Repeat Prob. 10-3 for a heat rejection pressure of 10 kPa. Prob. 10-3 A steady-flow Carnot cycle uses water as the working fluid. Water changes from saturated liquid to saturated vapor as heat is transferred to it from a source at 250°C. Heat rejection takes place at a pressure of 20 kPa. Show the
Turbine bleed steam enters an open feedwater heater of a regenerative Rankine cycle at 40 psia and 280°F while the cold feedwater enters at 110°F. Determine the ratio of the bleed steam mass flow rate to the inlet feedwater mass flow rate required to heat the feedwater to 250°F.
The closed feedwater heater of a regenerative Rankine cycle is to heat 7000 kPa feedwater from 260°C to a saturated liquid. The turbine supplies bleed steam at 6000 kPa and 325°C to this unit. This steam is condensed to a saturated liquid before entering the pump. Calculate the amount of bleed
A steam power plant operates on an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 6 MPa and 450°C and is condensed in the condenser at 20 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 0.4 MPa to heat the feedwater in an open feedwater heater. Water leaves the feedwater heater as a
Repeat Prob. 10-45 by replacing the open feedwater heater with a closed feedwater heater. Assume that thefeedwater leaves the heater at the condensation temperature of the extracted steam and that the extracted steam leaves the heater as a saturated liquid and is pumped to the line carrying the
A steam power plant operates on an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with two open feedwater heaters. Steam enters the turbine at 8 MPa and 550°C and exhausts to the condenser at 10 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 0.6 and 0.2 MPa. Water leaves both feedwater heaters as a saturated
Consider a steam power plant that operates on the ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with a closed feedwater heater as shown in the figure. The plant maintains the turbine inlet at 3000 kPa and 350°C; and operates the condenser at 20 kPa. Steam is extracted at 1000 kPa to serve the closed
Reconsider Prob. 10-48. Using EES (or other) software, determine the optimum bleed pressure for the closed feedwater heater that maximizes the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Consider a steady-flow Carnot cycle with water as the working fluid. The maximum and minimum temperatures in the cycle are 350 and 60°C. The quality of water is 0.891 at the beginning of the heat-rejection process and 0.1 at the end. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram relative to the saturation
Determine the thermal efficiency of the regenerative Rankine cycle of Prob. 10-48 when the isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 90 percent before and after steam extraction point.
Determine the thermal efficiency of the regenerative Rankine cycle of Prob. 10-48 when the isentropic efficiency of the turbine before and after steam extraction point is 90 percent and the condenser condensate is subcooled by 10°C.
Reconsider Prob. 10-48. Using EES (or other) software, determine how much additional heat must be supplied to the boiler when the turbine isentropic efficiency before and after the extraction point is 90 percent and there is a 10 kPa pressure drop across the boiler?
Consider an ideal steam regenerative Rankine cycle with two feedwater heaters, one closed and one open. Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 600°C and exhausts to the condenser at 10 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 1.2 MPa for the closed feedwater heater and at 0.6 MPa for the
Reconsider Prob. 10-53. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effects of turbine and pump efficiencies as they are varied from 70 percent to 100 percent on the mass flow rate and thermal efficiency. Plot the mass flow rate and the thermal efficiency as a function of turbine efficiency for
A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat- regenerative Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 80 MW. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 10 MPa and 550°C and leaves at 0.8 MPa. Some steam is extracted at this pressure to heat the feedwater in an open feedwater heater. The rest of
Repeat Prob. 10-55, but replace the open feedwater heater with a closed feedwater heater. Assume that the feedwater leaves the heater at the condensation temperature of the extracted steam and that the extracted steam leaves the heater as a saturated liquid and is pumped to the line carrying the
An ideal Rankine steam cycle modified with two closed feedwater heaters is shown below. The power cycle receives 75 kg/s of steam at the high pressure inlet to the turbine. The feedwater heater exit states for the boiler feedwater and the condensed steam are the normally assumed ideal states. The
Determine the exergy destruction associated with each of the processes of the Rankine cycle described inProb. 10-12, assuming a source temperature of 1500 K and a sink temperature of 290 K.
Determine the exergy destruction associated with each of the processes of the Rankine cycle described in Prob. 10-16, assuming a source temperature of 1500 K and a sink temperature of 290 K.
Determine the exergy destruction associated with each of the processes of the reheat Rankine cycle described in Prob. 10-31. Assume a source temperature of 1500 K and a sink temperature of 295 K.
Reconsider Prob. 10-60. Using EES (or other) software, solve this problem by the diagram window data entry feature of EES. Include the effects of the turbine and pump efficiencies to evaluate the irreversibilities associated with each of the processes. Plot the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect
Determine the exergy destruction associated with the heat addition process and the expansion process in Prob. 10-37. Assume a source temperature of 1600 K and a sink temperature of 285 K. Also, determine the exergy of the steam at the boiler exit. Take P0 = 100 kPa.
Determine the exergy destruction associated with the regenerative cycle described in Prob. 10-45. Assume a source temperature of 1500 K and a sink temperature of 290 K.
Determine the exergy destruction associated with the reheating and regeneration processes described in Prob. 10-55. Assume a source temperature of 1800 K and a sink temperature of 290 K.
The schematic of a single-flash geothermal power plant with state numbers is given in Fig. P10-65. Geothermal resource exists as saturated liquid at 230°C. The geothermal liquid is withdrawn from the production well at a rate of 230 kg/s and is flashed to a pressure of 500 kPa by an essentially
How is the utilization factor ∈u for cogeneration plants defined? Could ∈u be unity for a cogeneration plant that does not produce any power?
Steam enters the turbine of a cogeneration plant at 4 MPa and 500°C. One-fourth of the steam is extracted from the turbine at 1200-kPa pressure for process heating. The remaining steam continues to expand to 10 kPa. The extracted steam is then condensed and mixed with feedwater at constant
A large food-processing plant requires 1.5 lbm/s of saturated or slightly superheated steam at 140 psia, which is extracted from the turbine of a cogeneration plant. The boiler generates steam at 800 psia and 1000°F at a rate of 10 lbm/s, and the condenser pressure is 2 psia. Steam leaves the
Steam is generated in the boiler of a cogeneration plant at 10 MPa and 450°C at a steady rate of 5 kg/s. In normal operation, steam expands in a turbine to a pressure of 0.5 MPa and is then routed to the process heater, where it supplies the process heat. Steam leaves the process heater as a
Consider a cogeneration power plant modified with regeneration. Steam enters the turbine at 9 MPa and 400°C and expands to a pressure of 1.6 MPa. At this pressure, 35 percent of the steam is extracted from the turbine, and the remainder expands to 10 kPa. Part of the extracted steam is used to
Reconsider Prob. 10-72. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effect of the extraction pressure for removing steam from the turbine to be used for the process heater and open feedwater heater on the required mass flow rate. Plot the mass flow rate through the boiler as a function of the
Steam is generated in the boiler of a cogeneration plant at 600 psia and 650°F at a rate of 32 lbm/s. The plant is to produce power while meeting the process steam requirements for a certain industrial application. One-third of the steam leaving the boiler is throttled to a pressure of 120 psia
Why is the combined gas-steam cycle more efficient than either of the cycles operated alone?
The gas-turbine portion of a combined gas-steam power plant has a pressure ratio of 16. Air enters the compressor at 300 K at a rate of 14 kg/s and is heated to 1500 K in the combustion chamber. The combustion gases leaving the gas turbine are used to heat the steam to 400°C at 10 MPa in a heat
Consider a combined gas-steam power plant that has a net power output of 450 MW. The pressure ratio of the gas-turbine cycle is 14. Air enters the compressor at 300 K and the turbine at 1400 K. The combustion gases leaving the gas turbine are used to heat the steam at 8 MPa to 400°C in a heat
Reconsider Prob. 10-78. Using EES (or other) software, study the effects of the gas cycle pressure ratio as it is varied from 10 to 20 on the ratio of gas flow rate to steam flow rate and cycle thermal efficiency. Plot your results as functions of gas cycle pressure ratio, and discuss the results.
Repeat Prob. 10-78 assuming isentropic efficiencies of 100 percent for the pump, 82 percent for the compressor, and 86 percent for the gas and steam turbines. Prob. 10-78 Consider a combined gas-steam power plant that has a net power output of 450 MW. The pressure ratio of the gas-turbine cycle is
Reconsider Prob. 10-80. Using EES (or other) software, study the effects of the gas cycle pressure ratio as it is varied from 10 to 20 on the ratio of gas flow rate to steam flow rate and cycle thermal efficiency. Plot your results as functions of gas cycle pressure ratio, and discuss the results.
Consider a combined gas-steam power plant that has a net power output of 280 MW. The pressure ratio of the gasturbine cycle is 11. Air enters the compressor at 300 K and the turbine at 1100 K. The combustion gases leaving the gas turbine are used to heat the steam at 5 MPa to 350°C in a heat
Reconsider Prob. 10-82. Using EES (or other) software, study the effects of the gas cycle pressure ratio as it is varied from 10 to 20 on the ratio of gas flow rate to steam flow rate and cycle thermal efficiency. Plot your results as functions of gas cycle pressure ratio, and discuss the results.
Consider a combined gas-steam power cycle. The topping cycle is a simple Brayton cycle that has a pressure ratio of 7. Air enters the compressor at 15°C at a rate of 40 kg/s and the gas turbine at 9508C. The bottoming cycle is a reheat Rankine cycle between the pressure limits of 6 MPa and 10
What is a binary power cycle? What is its purpose?
By writing an energy balance on the heat exchanger of a binary vapor power cycle, obtain a relation for the ratio of mass flow rates of two fluids in terms of their enthalpies.
Is it possible to maintain a pressure of 10 kPa in a condenser that is being cooled by river water entering at 20°C?
Steam enters the turbine of a steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle at a pressure of 6 MPa, and it leaves as a saturated vapor at 7.5 kPa. Heat is transferred to the steam in the boiler at a rate of 40,000 kJ/s. Steam is cooled in the condenser by the cooling water from a
A steam power plant operating on a simple ideal Rankine cycle maintains the boiler at 6000 kPa, the turbine inlet at 600°C, and the condenser at 50 kPa. Compare the thermal efficiency of this cycle when it is operated so that the liquid enters the pump as a saturated liquid against that when the
A steam power plant operates on an ideal Rankine cycle with two stages of reheat and has a net power output of 75 MW. Steam enters all three stages of the turbine at 550°C. The maximum pressure in the cycle is 10 MPa, and the minimum pressure is 30 kPa. Steam is reheated at 4 MPa the first time
Consider a steam power plant operating on the ideal Rankine cycle with reheat between the pressure limits of 30 MPa and 10 kPa with a maximum cycle temperature of 700°C and a moisture content of 5 percent at the turbine exit. For a reheat temperature of 700°C, determine the reheat pressures of
Consider a steam power plant that operates on a regenerative Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 150 MW. Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 500°C and the condenser at 10 kPa. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 80 percent, and that of the pumps is 95 percent. Steam is
Repeat Prob. 10-94 assuming both the pump and the turbine are isentropic.Prob. 10-94Consider a steam power plant that operates on a regenerative Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 150 MW. Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 500°C and the condenser at 10 kPa. The isentropic efficiency
Consider an ideal reheat-regenerative Rankine cycle with one open feedwater heater. The boiler pressure is 10 MPa, the condenser pressure is 15 kPa, the reheater pressure is 1 MPa, and the feedwater pressure is 0.6 MPa. Steam enters both the high- and low-pressure turbines at 500°C. Show the cycle
Repeat Prob. 10-96 assuming an isentropic efficiency of 84 percent for the turbines and 100 percent for the pumps. Prob. 10-96 Consider an ideal reheat-regenerative Rankine cycle with one open feedwater heater. The boiler pressure is 10 MPa, the condenser pressure is 15 kPa, the reheater pressure
Steam is to be supplied from a boiler to a high pressure turbine whose isentropic efficiency is 85 percent at conditions to be determined. The steam is to leave the highpressure turbine as a saturated vapor at 1.4 MPa, and the turbine is to produce 5.5 MW of power. Steam at the turbine exit is
A textile plant requires 4 kg/s of saturated steam at 2 MPa, which is extracted from the turbine of a cogeneration plant. Steam enters the turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C at a rate of 11 kg/s and leaves at 20 kPa. The extracted steam leaves the process heater as a saturated liquid and mixes with the
A thermoelectric refrigerator is powered by a 12-V car battery that draws 3 A of current when running. The refrigerator resembles a small ice chest and is claimed to cool nine canned drinks, 0.350-L each, from 25 to 3oC in 12 h. Determine the average COP of this refrigerator.
Thermoelectric coolers that plug into the cigarette lighter of a car are commonly available. One such cooler is claimed to cool a 12-oz (0.771-lbm) drink from 78 to 38oF or to heat a cup of coffee from 75 to 130oF in about 15 min in a well-insulated cup holder. Assuming an average COP of 0.2 in the
It is proposed to run a thermoelectric generator in conjunction with a solar pond that can supply heat at a rate of 7 × 106 kJ/h at 90oC. The waste heat is to be rejected to the environment at 22oC. What is the maximum power this thermoelectric generator can produce?
A typical 200-m2 house can be cooled adequately by a 3.5-ton air conditioner whose COP is 4.0. Determine the rate of heat gain of the house when the air conditioner is running continuously to maintain a constant temperature in the house.
Consider a steady-flow Carnot refrigeration cycle that uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. The maximum and minimum temperatures in the cycle are 30 and - 20oC, respectively. The quality of the refrigerant is 0.15 at the beginning of the heat absorption process and 0.80 at the end. Show the
A Heat pump water heater (HPWH) heats water by absorbing heat from the ambient air and transferring it to water. The heat pump has a COP of 3.4 and consumes 6 kW of electricity when running. Determine if this heat pump can be used to meet the cooling needs of a room most of the time for "free" by
A heat pump that operates on the ideal vapor-compression cycle with refrigerant-134a is used to heat a house. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant is 0.25 kg/s. The condenser and evaporator pressures are 1400 and 320 kPa, respectively. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation
A large refrigeration plant is to be maintained at - 15oC, and it requires refrigeration at a rate of 100 kW. The condenser of the plant is to be cooled by liquid water, which experiences a temperature rise of 88C as it flows over the coils of the condenser. Assuming the plant operates on the ideal
Reconsider Prob. 11-107. Using EES (or other) software, investigate the effect of evaporator pressure on the COP and the power input. Let the evaporator pressure vary from 120 to 380 kPa. Plot the COP and the power input as functions of evaporator pressure, and discuss the results. Prob. 11-107 A
Repeat Prob. 11-107 assuming the compressor has an isentropic efficiency of 75 percent. Also, determine the rate of exergy destruction associated with the compression process in this case. Take T0 = 25oC. A large refrigeration plant is to be maintained at - 15oC, and it requires refrigeration at a
An ice-making machine operates on the ideal vapor-compression cycle, using refrigerant-134a. The refrigerant enters the compressor as saturated vapor at 20 psia and leaves the condenser as saturated liquid at 80 psia. Water enters the ice machine at 55oF and leaves as ice at 25oF. For an ice
A refrigeration unit operates on the ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle and uses refrigerant-22 as the working fluid. The operating conditions for this unit are evaporator saturation temperature of 25oC and the condenser saturation temperature of 45oC. Selected data for refrigerant-22 are
An air conditioner with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid is used to keep a room at 26oC by rejecting the waste heat to the outside air at 34oC. The room is gaining heat through the walls and the windows at a rate of 250kJ/min while the heat generated by the computer, TV, and lights amounts to
An air-conditioner operates on the vapor- compression refrigeration cycle with refrigerant-134a as the refrigerant. The air conditioner is used to keep a space at 21oC while rejecting the waste heat to the ambient air at 37oC. The refrigerant enters the compressor at 180 kPa superheated by 2.7oC at
Consider a two-stage compression refrigeration system operating between the pressure limits of 1.4 and 0.12 MPa. The working fluid is refrigerant-134a. The refrigerant leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid and is throttled to a flash chamber operating at 0.5 MPa. Part of the refrigerant
A two-evaporator compression refrigeration system as shown in Fig. P11-114E uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. The system operates evaporator 1 at 30oF, evaporator 2 at 229.5oF, and the condenser at 160 psia. The cooling load of evaporator 1 is double that of evaporator 2. Determine the
Reconsider Prob. 11-114E. The refrigeration system of that problem cools one reservoir at - 15oF and one at 40oF while rejecting heat to a reservoir at 80oF. Which process has the highest exergy destruction? Prob. 11-114E A two-evaporator compression refrigeration system as shown in Fig. P11-114E
A two-stage compression refrigeration system with an adiabatic liquid-vapor separation unit as shown in Fig. P11-116 uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. The system operates the evaporator at - 32oC, the condenser at 1400 kPa, and the separator at 8.9oC. The refrigerant is circulated through
Which process of the cycle in Prob. 11-116 has the greatest rate of exergy destruction when the low-temperature reservoir is at - 22oC and the high-temperature reservoir is at 20oC?

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