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Statistics For Business And Economics 12th Edition James T. McClave, P. George Benson, Terry T Sincich - Solutions
In a random sample of 400 measurements, 227 of the measurements possess the characteristic of interest, A.a. Use a 95% confidence interval to estimate the true proportion p of measurements in the population with characteristic A.b. How large a sample would be needed to estimate p to within .02 with
Find x2α/2 and x2(1-a/2) from Table IV, Appendix D, for each of the following: a. n = 10, α = .05 b. n = 20, α = .05 c. n = 50, α = .01
Calculate the finite population correction factor for each of the following situations: a. n = 50, N = 2,000 b. n = 20, TV = 100 c. n = 300, TV = 1,500
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, conducts an annual survey of the general health of the U.S. population as part of its Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Using random-digit dialing, the CDCP telephones U.S. citizens over 18 years of age and asks them the
Health care workers who use latex gloves with glove powder on a daily basis are particularly susceptible to developing a latex allergy. Symptoms of a latex allergy include conjunctivitis, hand eczema, nasal congestion, skin rash, and shortness of breath. Each in a sample of 46 hospital employees
For more than 20 years, the Occupational Safety & Health Administration has required companies that handle hazardous chemicals to complete material safety data sheets (MSDSs). These MSDSs have been criticized for being too hard to understand and complete by workers. Although improvements were
Recall that 106 shoppers at a shopping mall in Muncie, Indiana, responded to the question, '"Made in the USA' means what percentage of U.S. labor and materials?" Sixty-four shoppers answered, "100%."a. Define the population of interest in the survey.b. What is the characteristic of interest in the
The EPA wants to test a randomly selected sample of n water specimens and estimate the mean daily rate of pollution produced by a mining operation. If the EPA wants a 95% confidence interval estimate with a sampling error of 1 milligram per liter (mg/L), how many water specimens are required in the
Periodically, the Hillsborough County (Florida) Water Department tests the drinking water of homeowners for contaminants such as lead and copper. The lead and copper levels in water specimens collected for a sample of 10 residents of the Crystal Lakes Manors subdivision are shown below, followed by
According to the New Jersey Governor's Council for a Drug-Free Workplace Report, 50 of the 72 sampled businesses that are members of the council admitted that they had employees with substance abuse problems. At the time of the survey, 251 New Jersey businesses were members of the Governor's
A company is interested in estimating p, the mean number of days of sick leave taken by all its employees. The firm's statistician selects at random 100 personnel files and notes the number of sick days taken by each employee. The following sample statistics are computed: = 12.2 days, 5 = 10
Refer to the Journal of Relationship Marketing (Vol. 7, 2008) study of the prevalence of blogs and forums at Fortune 500 firms with both English and Chinese Web sites. In a sample of 56 firms that provide blogs and forums as marketing tools, the mean number of blogs/forums per site was 4.25, with a
Consider the quantitative variable, number of carats, recorded for each of the 308 diamonds for sale on the open market.a. Select a random sample of 30 diamonds from the 308 diamonds.b. Find the mean and standard deviation of the number of carats per diamond for the sample.c. Use the sample
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers data on a sample of 144 contaminated fish collected from the river adjacent to a chemical plant. Estimate the proportion of contaminated fish that are of the channel catfish species. Use a 90% confidence interval and interpret the result.For Information: Refer
Improving the productivity of chickens. Farmers have discovered that the more domestic chickens peck at objects placed in their environment, the healthier and more productive the chickens seem to be. White string has been found to be a particularly attractive pecking stimulus. In one experiment, 72
Petroleum waste contamination. Accidental spillage and misguided disposal of petroleum wastes have resulted in extensive contamination of soils across the country. A common hazardous compound found in the contaminated soil is benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)p]. An experiment was conducted to determine the
IRS answers to gift tax questions. According to estimates made by the General Accounting Office, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) answered 18.3 million telephone inquiries during a recent tax season, and 17% of the IRS offices provided wrong answers. These estimates were based on data collected
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) made it 1025 illegal to discriminate against workers 40 years of age and older. Opponents of the law argue that there are sound economic reasons why employers would not want to hire and train workers who are very close to retirement. They also argue
The National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) mandates that for every 100 items scanned through the electronic checkout scanner at a retail store, no more than 2 should have an inaccurate price. A study of the accuracy of checkout scanners at Wal-Mart stores in California was
The relationship between an employee's participation in the performance appraisal process and subsequent subordinate reactions toward the appraisal was investigated in the Journal of Applied Psychology (Aug. 1998). The researchers obtained r for a sample of 34 studies that examined the relationship
The primary determinant of the amount of vacation time U.S. employees receive is their length of service. According to data released by Hewitt Associates, more than 8 of 10 employers provide 2 weeks of vacation after the first year. After 5 years, 75% of employers provide 3 weeks, and after 15
Recently, a case of salmonella (bacterial) poisoning was traced to a particular brand of ice cream bar, and the manufacturer removed the bars from the market. Despite this response, many consumers refused to purchase J brand of ice cream bars for some period of time after the event (McClave,
Suppose it is now 1 year I after the outbreak of food poisoning was traced to ice cream bars. The manufacturer wishes to estimate the proportion who still will not purchase bars to within .02 using I a 95 % confidence interval. How many consumers should be sampled? For Information: Refer to
In addition to the 46 hospital employees who were diagnosed with a latex allergy based on a skin-prick test, another 37 health care workers were diagnosed with the allergy using a latex-specific serum test. Of these 83 workers with confirmed latex allergy, only 36 suspected I that they had the
When a poll reports, for example, that 61% of the public supports a program of national health insurance, it usually also reports the sampling error. For example, a poll might report that the estimate is accurate to within plus or minus 3%. A classic essay in Time magazine ("How not to read polls,"
Each year, Management Accounting reports the results of a salary survey of the members of the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). One year, the 2,112 members responding had a salary distribution with a 20th percentile of $35,100; a median of $50,000; and an 80th percentile of $73,000. a. Use
A firm's president, vice presidents, department managers, and others use financial data generated by the firm's accounting system to help them make decisions regarding such things as pricing, budgeting, and plant expansion. To provide reasonable certainty that the system provides reliable data,
When companies employ control charts to monitor the quality of their products, a series of small samples is typically used to determine if the process is "in control" during the period of time in which each sample is selected. (We cover quality-control charts in Chapter 13.) Suppose a
For each of the following combinations of a and degrees of freedom (df), find the values of x2a/2 and x2(1-a/2) that would be used to form a confidence interval for σ2. For Information: use Table IV in Appendix D a. a = .05, df = 7 b. a = .I0, df = 16 c. a = .01, df = 20 d. a = .05, df = 20
Refer to Exercise 6.93. For each part, a-d, form a 90% confidence interval for σ. In Exercise 6.93 Given the following values of , s, and n, form a 90% confidence interval for σ2. a. = 21, s = 2.5, n = 50 b. = 1.3,5 = .02, n = 15 c. = 167,5 = 31.6, n = 22 d. = 9.4,5 = 1.5, n = 5
A random sample of n = 6 observations from a nor-Q> mal distribution resulted in the data shown in the table. Compute a 95% confidence interval for Ï2.
Recall that the facial width-to-height ratio (WHR) was determined by computer analysis for each in a sample of 55 CEOs at publicly traded Fortune 500 firms, with the following results: = 1.96, s = .15. a. Find and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the standard deviation, σ, of the facial
Recall that the level of support for corporate sustainability (measured on a quantitative scale ranging from 0 to 160 points) was obtained for each in a sample of 992 senior managers at CPA firms. The accompanying Minitab printout gives 90% confidence intervals for both the variance and standard
Refer to the Radiation Protection Dosimetry (December 2010) study of radon exposure in tombs carved from limestone in the Egyptian Valley of Kings, Exercise 6.30. The radon levels in the inner chambers of a sample of 12 tombs were determined, yielding the following summary statistics: = 3,643
The Professional Golf WH Association (PGA) and Golf Digest have developed the Play Golf America program, in which teaching professionals at participating golf clubs provide a free 10-minute lesson to new customers. According to Golf Digest (July 2008), golf facilities that participate in the
a. Find β for each of the following values of the population mean: 74,72,70,68, and 66. b. Plot each value of B you obtained in part a against its associated population mean. Show B on the vertical axis and µ on the horizontal axis. Draw a curve through the five points on your graph. c. Use your
Suppose you want to conduct the two tailed test of H0: p ≠ .7 against Ha: p ≠ .7 using α = .05. A random sample of size 100 will be drawn from the population in question. a. Describe the sampling distribution of p̂ under the assumption that H0 is true. b. Describe the sampling distribution of
The average size CE3 of single-family homes built in the United States is 2,390 square feet (Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2011). A random sample of 100 new homes sold in California yielded the following size information: = 2,507 square feet and s = 257 square feet. a. Assume the
If a manufacturer (the vendee) buys all items of a particular type from a particular vendor, the manufacturer is practicing sole sourcing (Schonberger and Knod, Operations Management, 2001). As part of a sole-sourcing arrangement, a vendor agrees to periodically supply its vendee with sample data
Recall that an NAB spokesperson claims that 80% of all satellite radio subscribers have a satellite radio receiver in their car. You conducted a test to determine if the claimed value is too high using α = .10. What is the probability that the test will conclude that the claim is too high, if in
You tested the null hypothesis of p = .5 against the two-tailed alternative hypothesis of p ≠ .5 using α = .01, where p represents the true proportion of blind folded students who correctly identified the color of the Gummi Bear. Recall that of the 121 students who participated in the study, 97
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Fuel Economy Guide, the 2011 Honda Civic automobile obtains a mean of 36 miles per gallon (mpg) on the highway. Suppose Honda claims that the EPA has underestimated the Civics mileage. To support its assertion, the company selects n = 50 model
The performance of a particular type of laser-based inspection equipment was investigated. Assume that the standard deviation of the number of solder joints inspected on each run is 1.2. If α = .05 is used in conducting the hypothesis test of interest using a sample of 48 circuit boards, and if
Specify the differences between a large-sample and small-sample test of hypothesis about a population mean p. Focus on the assumptions and test statistics.
Complete the following statement: The smaller the p-value associated with a test of hypothesis, the stronger the support for the hypothesis. Explain your answer.
The national student loan default EEI rate has fluctuated over the last several years. A few years ago, the Department of Education reported the default rate (i.e., the proportion of college students who default on their loans) at .07. Set up the null and alternative hypotheses if you want to
If you select a very small value for α when conducting a hypothesis test, will β tend to be big or small? Explain.
If the rejection of the null hypothesis of a particular test would cause your firm to go out of business, would you p want a to be small or large? Explain.
A random sample of 20 observations selected from a normal population produced = 72.6 and s2 = 19.4. a. Test H0: µ = 80 against Ha: µ < 80. Use α = .05. b. Test H0: µ = 80 against Ha: µ ≠ 80. Use α = .01.
A random sample of 175 measurements possessed a mean = 8.2 and a standard deviation s = .79. a. Test H0. µ = 8.3 against Ha: µ ≠ 8.3. Use α = .05. b. Test H0: µ = 8.4 against Ha: µ ≠ 8.4. Use α = .05. c. Test H0: σ = 1 against Ha: σ ≠ 1. Use α = .05. d. Find the power of the test,
A random sample of n 200 observations from a binomial population yields p̂ = .29. a. Test H0: p = .35 against Ha: p < .35. Use α = .05. b. Test H0: p = .35 against Ha: p ≠ .35. Use α = .05.
A t-test is conducted for the null hypothesis H0: µ = 10 versus the alternative Ha: µ > 10 for a random sample of n = 17 observations. The test results are t = 1.174, p-value = .1288.a. Interpret the p-value.b. What assumptions are necessary for the validity of this test?c. Calculate and
A random sample of 41 observations from a normal population possessed a mean p̂ = 88 and a standard deviation s = 6.9. a. Test H0: σ2 = 30 against Ha: σ2 > 30. Use α = .05. b. Test H0: σ2 = 30 against Ha: σ2 ≠ 30. Use α = .05.
The number of latex gloves used per week by the sampled workers is summarized as follows: x = 19.3 and s = 11.9. Let p represent the mean number of latex gloves used per week by all hospital employees. Consider testing H0: µ = 20 against H0; µ < 20. a. Give the rejection region for the test at a
Let σ2 represent the variance in the number of latex gloves used per week by all hospital employees. Consider testing H0: σ2 = 100 against Ha: σ2 ≠ 100. a. Give the rejection region for the test at a significance level of α = .01. b. Calculate the value of the test statistic. c. Use the
Work travel policy. American Express Consulting reported in USA Today (June 15, 2001) that 80% of U.S. companies have formal, written travel and entertainment policies for their employees. Give the null hypothesis for testing the claim made by American Express Consulting.
Recall that 64 of 106 randomly selected shoppers believed "Made in the USA" means 100% of labor and materials are from the United States. Let p represent the true proportion of consumers who believe "Made in the USA" means 100% of labor and materials are from the United States. a. Calculate a point
The "beta coefficient" of a stock is a measure of the stock's volatility (or risk) relative to the market as a whole. Stocks with beta coefficients greater than 1 generally bear greater risk (more volatility) than the market, whereas stocks with beta coefficients less than 1 are less risky (less
Recall that the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) mandates that for every 100 items scanned through the electronic checkout scanner at a retail store, no more than two should have an inaccurate price. A study of random items purchased at California WalMart stores found that
The purpose of this exercise is to compare the variability of 1 and 2 with the variability of (1 - 2). a. Suppose the first sample is selected from a population with mean µ = 150 and variance σ21 = 900. Within what range should the sample mean vary about 95% of the time in repeated samples of
Independent random samples from approximately normal $ populations produced the results shown below.a. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that (µ2 - µ1) > 10? Test using α = .01.b. Construct a 98% confidence interval for (µ2 - µ1)-Interpret your result.
A manufacturer of automobile shock absorbers was interested in comparing the durability of its shocks with that of the shocks produced by its biggest competitor. To make the comparison, one of the manufacturer's and one of the competitor's shocks were randomly selected and installed on the rear
Movie actors who win an Oscar usually can command a greater fee for their next motion picture. Does winning an Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences award (aka, an Oscar) lead to long-term mortality for movie actors? In an article in the Annals of Internal Medicine (May 15, 2001), researchers
Two quantitative variables in the data set are number of carats and selling price. One of the qualitative variables is the independent certification body.For Information: Refer to the data for 308 diamonds saved in the file. a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the mean
The 1,600 sampled viewers described their motivation for watching cable TV shopping networks by giving their level of agreement (on a 5-point scale, where 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree) with the statement, "I have nothing else to do." The researcher wanted to compare the mean
In evaluating the usefulness and validity of a questionnaire, researchers often pretest the questionnaire on different independently selected samples of respondents. Knowledge of the differences and similarities of the samples and their respective populations is important for interpreting the
Who is more likely to get a routine medical checkup-employed or unemployed people? To answer this question, a team of physicians and public health professors collected data on a sample of over 2,200 individuals (American Journal of Public Health, Jan. 2002). Of the 1,140 individuals who were
High job turnover rates are often associated with high product defect rates because high turnover rates mean more inexperienced workers who are unfamiliar with the company's product lines (Stevenson, Production/Operations Management, 2000). In a study, five Japanese and five U.S. plants that
The role of the cell phone in modern life was investigated by a Pew Internet & American Life Project (April 2006) survey. A total of 1,286 cell phone users were interviewed in the sample. One of the objectives was to compare male and female cell phone users. For example, 32% of men admitted they
Advertising companies often try to characterize the average user of a client's product so ads can be targeted at particular segments of the buying community. A new movie is about to be released, and the advertising company wants to determine whether to aim the ad campaign at people under or over 25
Marketing strategists would like to predict consumer response to new products and their accompanying promotional schemes. Consequently, studies that examine the differences between buyers and non buyers of a product are of interest. One classic study conducted by Shuchman and Riesz (Journal of
Independent random samples selected from two normal populations produced the sample means and standard deviations shown below.a. Conduct the test H0: (µ2 - µ1) = 0 against Ha: (µ2 - µ1) 0. Interpret the results. b. Estimate (µ2 - µ1) using a 95%
A University of South Florida biologist conducted an experiment to determine whether increased levels of carbon dioxide kill leaf-eating moths (USF Magazine, Winter 1999). Moth larvae were placed in open containers filled with oak leaves. half the containers had normal carbon dioxide levels, while
Racial profiling is a term used to describe any police action that relies on ethnicity rather than behavior to target suspects engaged in criminal activities. Does the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) invoke racial profiling in stops and searches of LA drivers? This question was addressed in
The data on average math SAT scores for each of the 50 states and District of Columbia for the years 2001 and 2011. The data are saved in the file. (The first five observations and last two observations in the data set are shown in the table below.)For Information: Refer to Exercise 2.27a. In
Poisons are used to prevent rat damage in sugarcane fields. The U.S. Department of Agriculture is investigating whether the rat poison should be located in the middle of the field or on the outer perimeter. One way to answer this question is to determine where the greater amount of damage occurs.
When new instruments are developed to perform chemical analyses of products (food, medicine, etc.), they are usually evaluated with respect to two criteria: accuracy and precision. Accuracy refers to the ability of the instrument to identify correctly the nature and amounts of a product's
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a form of interaction CMC that heavily involves technology (e.g., instant messaging, e-mail). A study was conducted to compare relational intimacy in people interacting via CMC to people meeting face-to-face (FTF) (Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,
The researchers also hypothesized that the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the CMC group would significantly increase between the first and third meetings, but the difference between the first and third meetings would not significantly change for participants in the FTF group. a.
To improve quality, productivity, and timeliness, many American industries employ self-managed work teams (SMWTs). A team typically consists of 5 to 15 workers who are collectively responsible for making decisions and performing all tasks related to a particular project. Because SMWTs require that
How does gender affect the type of advertising that proves to be most effective? An article in the Journal of Advertising Research (May/June 1990) makes reference to numerous studies that conclude males tend to be more competitive with others than with themselves. To apply this conclusion to
A National Adult Literacy Survey revealed that males with a postgraduate degree had a sample mean salary of $61,340 (with standard error SM = $2,185), while females with a postgraduate degree had a sample mean salary of $32,227 (with standard error sf = $932). Let µM represent the population
With the rapid growth in legalized gambling in the United States, there is concern that the involvement of youth in gambling activities is also increasing. University of Minnesota Professor Randy Stinchfield compared the rates of gambling among Minnesota public school students between 1992 and 1998
CareerBank.com conducts an annual salary survey of accounting, finance, and banking professionals. For one survey, data were collected for 2,800 responses submitted online by professionals across the country who voluntarily responded to Career Bank.com's Web-based survey. Salary comparisons were
Facility layout and material flowpath design are major factors in the productivity analysis of automated manufacturing systems. Facility layout is concerned with the location arrangement of machines and buffers for work-in-process. Flowpath design is concerned with the direction of manufacturing
Educational software-ranging from video-game-like programs played on Sony PlayStations to rigorous drilling exercises used on computers-has become very popular in school districts across the country. The U.S. Department of Education (DOE) recently conducted a national study of the effectiveness of
Marketing professors at Robert Morris and Kent State Universities examined children's recall and recognition of television advertisements (Journal of Advertising, Spring 2006). Two groups of children were shown a 60-second commercial for Sunkist Fun-Fruit Rock-n-Roll Shapes. One group (the A/V
The Analytical Chemistry (Dec. 15, 2009) study in which HPLC scientists used high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the amount of drug in a tablet. Twenty-five tablets were produced at each of two different, independent sites. Drug concentrations (measured as a percentage) for the
Recall that data were collected on 3,526 forecasts made by buy-side analysts and 58,562 forecasts made by sell-side analysts, and the relative absolute forecast error was determined for each. The mean and standard deviation of forecast errors for both types of analysts are given in the table. a.
How much assistance should accounting professors provide students for completing homework? Is too much assistance counterproductive? These were some of the questions of interest in a Journal of Accounting Education (Vol. 25, 2007) article. A total of 75 junior-level accounting majors who were
Chance (Fall 2002) described a lawsuit where Intel Corp. was charged with infringing on a patent for an invention used in the automatic manufacture of computer chips. In response, Intel accused the inventor of adding material to his patent notebook after the patent was witnessed and granted. The
Let and 2 denote the two sample means.a. Give the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of . b. Give the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of 2. c. Suppose you were to calculate the difference between the sample means (1 - 2). Find the mean and standard
The conversion of biomass to energy is critical for producing transportation fuels. How willing are producers to supply biomass products such as cereal straw, corn Stover, and surplus hay? To answer this question, economists conducted a survey of producers in both mid-Missouri and southern Illinois
Does rudeness really matter in the workplace? Studies O have established that rudeness in the workplace can lead RUDE to retaliatory and counterproductive behavior. However, there has been little research on how rude behaviors influence a victim's task performance. Such a study was conducted, with
"Service with a smile" is a slogan that many businesses adhere to. However, there are some jobs (e.g., those of judges, law enforcement officers, pollsters) that require neutrality when dealing with the public. An organization will typically provide "display rules" to guide employees on what
Refer to the Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power (Jan. 2005) study of gas turbines augmented with high-pressure inlet fogging. Exercise 7.40. The researchers classified gas turbines into three categories: traditional, advanced, and aeroderivative. Summary statistics on heat rate
Is self-employment for immigrant workers a faster route to economic advancement in the country? This was one of the questions studied in research published in the International Journal of Manpower (Vol. 32, 2011). One aspect of the study involved comparing the ages of self-employed and wage-earning
A paired difference experiment produced the following results: nd = 38 1 = 92 2 = 95.5 = -3.5 s2d = 21 a. Determine the values of z for which the null hypothesis, µ1 - µ2 < 0, would be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis, µ1 - µ2 < 0. Use α = .10. b. Conduct the paired
A paired difference experiment yielded nd pairs of observations. In each case, what is the rejection region for testing H0: µd > 2? a. nd(t = 12, α - .05 b. nd = 24, α = .10 c. nd = 4, α = .025 d. nd = 80, α = .01
The data for a random sample of six paired observations are shown in the next table.a. Calculate the difference between each pair of observations by subtracting observation 2 from observation 1. Use the differences to calculate and s2d.b. If µ1 and µ2 are the means of populations 1 and
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