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Statistics For Business And Economics 12th Edition James T. McClave, P. George Benson, Terry T Sincich - Solutions

Consider a completely randomized design with k treatments. Assume all pairwise comparisons of treatment means are to be made using a multiple comparisons procedure. Determine the total number of pairwise comparisons for the following values of k. a. k = 3 b. k = 5 c k = 4 d. k = 10
Define an experiment wise error rate.
Define a comparison wise error rate.
A multiple comparison procedure for comparing four Ed treatment means produced the confidence intervals shown here. Rank the means from smallest to largest. Which means are significantly different? (µ1 - µ2): (2, 15) (µ1 - µ3): (4, 7) (µ1 - µ4): (-10, 3) (µ1 - µ3): (-5, ll) (µ1 - µ4):
What are the experimental units on which each of the following responses are observed? a. College GPA b. Household income c. Gasoline mileage rating for an automobile model d. Number of defective sectors on a computer disk e. December unemployment rate for a state
Refer to the Institute for the Study of Labor: Discussion Paper Series (March 2011) study of how workers respond to wage cuts, Exercise 9.22 (p. 508). Recall that teams of workers were divided into three wage cut groups: "unilateral wage cut," "general wage cut." and "baseline" (no wage cut). The
Refer to the International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (February 2011) study of public bus depot performance. Exercise 9.23 (p. 508). Recall that 150 customers provided overall performance ratings at each of three different bus depots (Depot 1, Depot 2, and Depot 3). The average
The effect of guilt emotion on how a decision maker focuses on a problem was investigated in the Jan. 2007 issue of the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making (see Exercise 3.44, p. 153). A sample of 77 volunteer students participated in one portion of the experiment, where each was randomly
Refer to the American Business Review (Jan. 2002) comparison of large-cap, medium-cap, and small-cap mutual funds, Exercise 9.26 (p. 509). Using an experiment-wise error rate of .05, Tukey confidence intervals for the difference between mean rates of return for all possible pairs of fund types are
Refer to the Basic and Applied Social Psychology (May 2010) study of whether product advertisements influence consumers' attitudes toward tanning, Exercise 9.29 (p. 510). Recall that college students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions-view product advertisements featuring models with
Refer to the Accident Analysis and Prevention (Vol. 34, 2002) study of road rage, Exercise 9.27 (p. 509). Recall that the mean road rage scores of drivers in the three income groups, under $30,000, between $30,000 and $60,000, and over $60,000, were 4.60, 5.08, and 5.15, respectively. a. An
Refer to the Journal of & Applied Psychology (June 2002) completely randomized design study to compare the mean commercial recall scores of viewers of three TV programs, presented in Exercise 9.28 (p. 509). Recall that one program had a violent content code (V) rating, one had a sex content code
Refer to the B2B Marketing Insider (Oct. 7, 2010) comparison of six sales closing techniques, Exercise 9.31 (p. 510). Assume the "level of trust" means for prospects of salespeople using each of the six closing techniques are listed in the table. A multiple comparisons of means analysis was
Refer to the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (Dec. 2007) study of treatments for children's cough symptoms. Exercise 9.32 (p. 510). Do you agree with the statement (extracted from the article), "Honey may be a preferable treatment for the cough and sleep difficulty associated with
Refer to the Food Chemistry (Vol. 106, 2008) study of four different types of egg housing systems. Exercise 9.33 (p. 511). Recall that you analyzed the data file and discovered that the mean shell thickness (millimeters) differed for cage, barn, free range, and organic egg housing systems. A
Brief descriptions of a EE3 number of experiments are given next. Determine whether each is observational or designed and explain your reasoning. a. An economist obtains the unemployment rate and gross state product for a sample of states over the past 10 years, with the objective of examining the
Randomized block design yielded the following ANOVA table:a. How many blocks and treatments were used in the experiment? b. How many observations were collected in the experiment? c. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses you would use to compare the treatment means. d. What test statistic
An experiment was conducted using a randomized block design. The data from the experiment are displayed in the following table.a. Fill In the missing entries in the ANOVA table. b. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses you would use to investigate whether a difference exists among the
A randomized block design was used to compare the mean responses for three treatments. Four blocks of three homogeneous experimental units were selected, and each treatment was randomly assigned to one experimental unit within each block. The data are shown in the next table, and the SPSS ANOVA
Suppose an experiment employing a randomized block design has four treatments and nine blocks, for a total of 4 × 9 = 36 observations. Assume that the Total Sum of Squares for the response is SS(Total) = 500. For each of the following partitions of SS(Total), test the null hypothesis that the
A second experiment involved only the group 2 subjects. In part A of the experiment, these 84 subjects were informed of the hazards (both fire and theft) of owning a valuable painting but were not told the exact probabilities of the hazards occurring. The subjects then provided an amount they were
Peer mentoring occurs when a more experienced employee provides one-on-one support and knowledge sharing with a less experienced employee. The Journal of Managerial Issues (Spring 2008) published a study of the impact of peer mentor training at a large software company. Participants were 222
Two different methods of forecasting monthly electrical consumption were compared and the results published in Applied Mathematics and Computation (Vol. 186, 2007). The two methods were Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Time Series Regression (TSR). Forecasts were made using each method for each
Wii Fit is an interactive video game marketed to consumers who want to increase their physical fitness level. The effectiveness of Wii Fit activities relative to other physical activities was investigated in the Journal of Physical Activity and Health (Vol. 7, 2010). A sample of 15 young adults
An economist wants to compare the average monthly number of rotary oil rigs running in three states-California, Utah, and Alaska. In order to account for month-to-month variation, 3 months were randomly selected over a 2-year period, and the number of oil rigs running in each state in each month
Refer to the Journal of Productivity Analysis (Vol. 35,2011) study of how successful NFL teams are in drafting productive quarterbacks, Exercise 1.16 (p. 25). Recall that the researchers measured two variables for each of the 331 quarterbacks drafted between 1970 and 2007: (1) Draft position (Top
What is the level of stress (if any) that cows undergo prior to being slaughtered? To answer this question, researchers designed an experiment cows involving cows bred in Normandy, France (Applied Animal Behavior Science, June 2010). The heart rate (beats per minute) of a cow was measured at four
Organic coatings that use epoxy resins are widely used for protecting steel and metal against weathering and corrosion. Researchers at National Technical University (Athens, Greece) examined the steel anticorrosive behavior of different epoxy coatings formulated with zinc pigments in an attempt to
Suppose you conduct a 4 × 3 factorial experiment. a. How many factors are used in the experiment? b. Can you determine the factor type(s)-qualitative or quantitative -from the information given? Explain. c. Can you determine the number of levels used for each factor? Explain. d. Describe a
The partially completed ANOVA for a 3 x 4 factorial experiment with two replications is shown below.a. Complete the ANOVA table. b. Which sums of squares are combined to find the Sum of Squares for Treatments? Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that the treatment means differ? Use
The following two-way table gives data for a 2 Ã— 3 factorial experiment with two observations for each factor-level L09067 combination.a. Identify the treatments for this experiment. Calculate and plot the treatment means, using the response variable as the y-axis and the levels of
The next table gives data for a 2 Ã— 2 factorial experiment with two observations per factor-level combination.a. Identify the treatments for this experiment. Calculate and plot the treatment means, using the response variable as the y-axis and the levels of factor B as the x-axis. Use
Suppose a 3 × 3 factorial experiment is conducted with three replications. Assume that SS(Total) = 1,000. For each of the following scenarios, form an ANOVA table, conduct the appropriate tests, and interpret the results. a. The Sum of Squares of factor A main effect [SS(A)] is 20% of SS(Total),
Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) were surveyed on their firms' likelihood of reporting sustainability policies (measured as a probability between 0 and 1). The CPAs were divided into four groups depending on firm size (large or small) and firm type (public or private): large/public, large/
Introducing calcium into a hen's diet can improve the shell quality of the eggs laid. One way to do this is with a limestone diet. In Animal Feed Science and Technology (June 2010), researchers investigated the effect of hen's age and limestone diet on eggshell quality. Two different diets were
The importance that consumers place on the social responsibility of firms has grown over the past decade. As a consequence, corporations are developing more socially responsible strategies and procedures (e.g., corporate sustainability, fair-trade policies). The perceptions consumers have of these
The Electronic Journal of Biotechnology (Dec. 15, 2003) published an article on a comparison of two yeast extracts, baker's yeast and brewer's yeast. Brewer's yeast is a surplus by-product obtained from a brewery, hence it is less expensive than primary-grown baker's yeast. Samples of both yeast
"Just-world'' theory proposes that people receive the rewards and/or punishments that they deserve. Marketing researchers examined just-world theory in the context of fair trade (Journal of Marketing, January 2012). In particular, the researchers wanted to know if manipulating market conditions has
Many workers suffer from stress and chronic insomnia. Is insomnia related to education status? Researchers at the Universities of Memphis, Alabama at Birmingham, and Tennessee investigated this question in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology (Feb. 2005). Adults living in Tennessee were selected to
Are you willing to pay more for a tempting vice option (e.g., eating a hamburger, surfing the Internet) than a virtuous option (e.g., eating broccoli, reading the newspaper)? The costs and benefits of consumer temptation choice were investigated in the Journal of Marketing Research (February 2012).
Recall that the four housing systems were cage, barn, free range, and organic. In addition to housing system, the researchers also determined the weight class (medium or large) for each sampled egg. The data on whipping capacity (percent overrun) for the 28 sampled eggs are shown in the
Recall that the binding agent was set at two levels (khaya gum and PVP), binding concentration at two levels (.5% and 4.0%), and relative density at two levels (low and high); thus, a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design was employed. The sample mean dissolution times for the treatments associated with the
When an eyewitness to a 0 crime examines a set of mug shots at a police station, the WGS photos are usually presented in groups (e.g., six mug shots at a time). Criminologists at Niagara University investigated whether mug shot group size has an effect on the selections made by eyewitnesses
Refer to the Journal of Applied 0 Psychology (June 2002) study of the effect of violence *O"EC and sex on a television viewer's ability to recall a TV commercial. Exercise 9.28 (p. 509). Recall that 324 adults were randomly assigned to one of three TV content groups, with 108 subjects in each
A study of Machiavellian traits in accountants was published in Behavioral Research in Accounting (January 2008). Recall that Machiavellian describes negative character traits such as manipulation, cunning, duplicity, deception, and bad faith. A Mach rating score was determined for each in a sample
Knowledge of how cockroaches forage for food is valuable for companies that develop and manufacture roach bait and traps. Many entomologists believe, however, that the navigational behavior of cockroaches scavenging for food is random. D. Miller of Virginia Tech University challenged the
Do consumers react favorably to products with ambiguous colors or names? Marketing Professors E. G. Miller and B. E. Kahn investigated this phenomenon in the Journal of Consumer Research (June 2005). As a "reward" for participating in an unrelated experiment, 100 consumers were told they could have
Explain the difference between an experiment that employs a completely randomized design and one that employs a randomized block design.
Why does the experiment-wise error rate of a multiple comparisons procedure differ from the significance level for each comparison (assuming the experiment has more than two treatments)?
A completely randomized design is used to compare four Q treatment means. The data are shown in the table.a. Given that SST = 36.95 and SS(Total) = 62.55. Complete an ANOVA table for this experiment. b. Is there evidence that the treatment means differ? Use Î± = .10. c. Place a 90%
An experiment employing a randomized block design 0 was conducted to compare the mean responses for four 109087 treatments-A, B, C. and D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the four experimental units in each of five blocks. The data are shown in the following table.a. Given that SS(Total) =
The following table shows a partially completed ANOVA table for a two-factor factorial experiment.a. Complete the ANOVA table. b. How many levels were used for each factor? How many treatments were used? How many replications were performed? c. Find the value of the Sum of Squares for Treatments.
Robotic researchers investigated whether robots could be trained to behave like ants in an ant colony (Nature, Aug. 2000). Robots were trained and randomly assigned to "colonies" (i.e., groups) consisting of 3, 6, 9, or 12 robots. The robots were assigned the task of foraging for "food" and to
Can money spent on gifts buy love? Recall that study participants were randomly assigned to play the role of gift-giver or gift-receiver. Gift-receivers were asked to provide the level of appreciation (measured on a 7-point scale where 1 = "not at all" and 7 = "to a great extent") they had for the
Within marketing, the area of personal sales has long suffered from a poor ethical image, particularly in the eyes of college students. An article in Journal of Business Ethics (Vol. 15, 1996) investigated whether such opinions by college students are a function of the type of sales job (high tech
A study published in Teaching Psychology (May 1998) examined how external clues influence student performance. Undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of four different midterm examinations. Form 1 was printed on blue paper and contained difficult questions, while form 2 was also
Dwarf shrubs are popular with model home landscapers. Stetson University researchers conducted an experiment to determine the effects of fire on the shrub's growth (Florida Scientist, Spring 1997). Twelve experimental plots of land were selected in a pasture where the shrub is abundant. Within each
The Fortune E-50 is a listing of the top 50 electronic commerce and Internet-based companies, as determined by Fortune magazine each year. Fortune groups the companies into four categories: (1) e-companies, (2) Internet software and service, (3) Internet hardware, and (4) Internet communication.
Most university athletic programs now have a Web site with information on individual sports and a Prospective Student Athlete Form that allows high school athletes to submit their academic and sports achievements directly to the college coach. The Sport Journal (Winter 2004) published a study of
Leadership acts occur when one person tries to influence the behavior of others toward the attainment of some goal. The effects of leadership style on the behavior of subordinates were investigated in Accounting, Organizations and Society (Vol. 20, 1995). Four types of leadership style were defined
What type of decoy should 0 you purchase for hunting waterfowl? A study in the DECOY Journal of Wildlife Management (July 1995) compared the effectiveness of three different decoy types-taxidermy-mounted decoys, plastic shell decoys, and full-bodied plastic decoys-in attracting Canada geese to
A coagulation-microfiltration process for removing bacteria from water was investigated in Environmental Science & Engineering (Sept. 1, 2000). Chemical engineers at Seoul National University performed a designed experiment to estimate the effect of both the level of the coagulant and acidity
A direct-mail company $ assembles and stores paper products (envelopes, letters brochures, order cards, etc.) for its customers. The company estimates the total number of pieces received in a shipment by estimating the weight per piece and then weighing the entire shipment. The company is unsure
A major strategic alternative for many U.S. firms is to reduce the size of their workforce, i.e., to "downsize." The ethics of downsizing decisions from the employees' perspective was investigated in the Journal of Business Ethics (Vol. 18, 1999). The researchers surveyed a sample of 209 employees
Find the rejection region for a one-dimensional 2 test of a null hypothesis concerning p1, p2, ...., pk if a. k = 3; α = .05 b. k = 5; α = .10 c. k = 4; α = .01
"Offshoring" is a term that describes a company's practice of relocating jobs and/or production to another country to reduce labor costs. The Journal of Applied Business Research (Jan/Feb 2011) published a study on the phenomenon of offshoring and how prevalent it is worldwide. The article included
Researchers estimate that in a typical month, about 75 billion text messages are sent in the United States. Text messaging on mobile devices (e.g., cell phones, smart phones) often requires typing in awkward positions that may lead to health issues. A group of Temple University public health
Recall that tenants were categorized into five different-size groups based on amount of floor space: anchor tenants (more than 30,000 sq. ft.), major space users (between 10,000 and 30,000 sq. ft.), large standard tenant (between 4,000 and 10,000 sq. ft.), small standard tenants (between 1,500 and
Scandals involving large U.S. corporations (e.g.. Enron. WorldCom, and Adelphia) have had a major impact on the public's attitude toward business managers. In a Harris Poll administered immediately after the Enron scandal, a national sample of 2,023 adults were asked to agree or disagree with the
A hot topic in marketing research is the exploration of a technology-based self-service (TBSS) encounter, e.g., ATMs, automated hotel checkout, online banking, and express package tracking. Marketing Professor Dan Ladik (University of Suffolk) investigated a customer's motivation to use a TBSS
If you subscribe to a cell phone plan, how many different cell phone numbers do you own? This was one question of interest in Public Opinion Quarterly (Vol. 70, No. 5, 2006). According to the Current Population Survey (CPS) Cell Phone Supplement. 51% of cell phone plans have only one cell number.
Although illegal overloading is common in the trucking industry. A state highway planning agency (Minnesota Department of Transportation) monitored the movements of overweight trucks on an interstate highway using an unmanned, computerized scale that is built into the highway. Unknown to the
Do those elected to the U.S. House of Representatives really "represent" their constituents demographically? This was a question of interest in Chance (Summer 2002). One of several demographics studied was religious affiliation. The accompanying table gives the proportion of the U.S. population for
Find the rejection region for a test of independence of two classifications where the contingency table contains r rows and c columns.a. r = 5, c = 5, α = .05b. r = 3, c = 6, α = .10c. r = 2, c = 3, α = .01
What are the characteristics of a multinomial experiment? Compare the characteristics to those of a binomial experiment.
Consider the 2 Ã— 3 (i.e., r = 2 and c = 3) contingency table shown below.a. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses that should be used in testing the independence of the row and column classifications. b. Specify the test statistic and the rejection region that should be used in
Refer to Exercise 10.20.a. Convert the frequency responses to percentages by calculating the percentage of each column total falling in each row. Also convert the row totals to percentages of the total number of responses. Display the percentages in a table.b. Create a bar graph with row l
Test the null hypothesis of independence of the two classifications, A and B, in the 3 Ã— 3 contingency table shown below. Test using Î± = .05.
Refer to Exercise 10.22.a. Convert the responses to percentages by calculating the percentage of each B class total falling into each A classification.b. Calculate the percentage of the total number of responses that constitute each of the A classification totals.c. Create a bar graph with row A1
According to the Highway Loss Data Institute (HLDI), "Hybrid [automobiles] have a safety edge over their conventional twins when it comes to shielding their occupants from injuries in crashes" (HLDI Bulletin, Sept. 2011). Consider data collected by the HLDI on Honda Accords in 2002-2010. In a
A major tourist activity is shopping. Travel researchers estimate that nearly one-third of total travel expenditures are used on shopping for souvenirs (Journal of Travel Research, May 2011). To investigate the impact of gender on souvenir shopping, a survey of 3.200 tourists was conducted. One
Major newspapers lose their credibility (and subscribers) when they are found to have published deceptive or misleading news stories. In Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly (Summer 2007), University of Texas researchers investigated whether certain stereotypes (e.g., negative references to
Business Travel News (July 17. 2006) reported the results of its annual Travel Manager Salary & Attitude survey. A total of 277 travel professionals, 103 males and 174 females, participated in the 2005 survey. One question asked for the travel professional's opinion on the fairness of his/her
Recall that a sample of % college students was shown a video of a simulated theft, then asked to select a mug shot that most closely resembled the thief. The students were randomly assigned to view either 3, 6, or 12 mug shots at a time, with 32 students in each group. The number of students in the
In addition to U.S. firms, CEOs from international companies were also surveyed on their offshoring positions. The number of firms in each position category (adapted from the results of the actual study) is shown in the accompanying table. Does a firm's position on offshoring depend on the firm's
The effect of guilt emotion on how a decision maker focuses on a problem was investigated in the Jan. 2007 issue of the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making (see Exercise 3.44). A total of 171 volunteer students participated in the experiment, where each was randomly assigned to one of three
Recall that typing style of mobile device users was categorized as (1) device held with both hands/both thumbs typing, (2) device held with right hand/right thumb typing, (3) device held with left hand/left thumb typing, (4) device held with both hands/right thumb typing, (5) device held with left
Researchers at Alion Science Corporation and New Mexico State University collaborated on a study of how air traffic controllers respond to false alarms (Human Factors, Aug. 2009). The researchers theorize that the high rate of false alarms regarding mid-air collisions leads to the "cry wolf"
Recall that the coupon users received the coupons in one of three ways-mail only (nontechnology user), Internet only (TBSS user), and both mail and Internet. The researcher wants to know if there are differences in customer characteristics-specifically gender (male or female) and coupon usage
The Journal of Behavioral Decision Making (Jan. 2007) published a study on the use of heuristics to classify the threat level of approaching aircraft. Of special interest was the use of a fast and frugal heuristic-a computationally simple procedure for making judgments with limited
You solved the game show problem of whether or not to switch your choice of three doors - one of which the hides a prize - after the host reveals what is behind a door not chosen. (Despite the natural inclination of many to keep one's first choice, the correct answer is that you should switch your
New, effective AIDS vaccines are now being developed using the process of "sieving" (i.e., sifting out infections with some strains of HIV). Harvard School of Public Health Statistician Peter Gilbert demonstrated how to test the efficacy of an HIV vaccine in Chance (Fall 2000). As an example,
A random sample of 250 observations was classified according to the row and column categories shown in the table below.a. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the rows and columns are dependent? Test using Î± = .05. b. Would the analysis change if the row totals
A random sample of 150 observations was classified into the categories shown in the table below.a. Do the data provide sufficient evidence that the categories are not equally likely? Use Î± = .10. b. Form a 90% confidence interval for p2, the probability that an observation will fall
There has been a trend for professional sports franchises to build new stadiums and ballparks in urban, downtown venues. An article in Professional Geographer (Feb. 2000) investigated whether there has been a significant suburban-to-urban shift in the location of major sports facilities. In 1985,
Recall that 106 shoppers participated in the survey. Their responses, given as a percentage of U.S. labor and materials in four categories, are summarized in the table. Suppose a consumer advocate group claims that half of all consumers believe that "Made in the USA" means "100%" of labor and
In addition to the 1.072 charitable givers who reported that their charitable contributions were motivated by tax considerations, another 1,693 givers reported no tax motivation, giving a total sample of 2,765 charitable givers. Of the 1,072 who were motivated by tax considerations. 691 itemized
Fugitive dust plumes generated by farm equipment can be hazardous to human health. In the Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences (Mar. 2001). environmental engineers developed a model for dust particle concentrations in plumes produced by a tractor operating in a wheat
The Journal of the American Medical Association (Apr. 18, 2001) published the results of a study of alcohol consumption in patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The patients were classified according to average number of alcoholic drinks per week and whether or not they had
M&M's plain chocolate candies come in six different colors: dark brown, yellow, red, orange, green, and blue. According to the manufacturer (Mars, Inc.), the color ratio in each large production batch is 30% brown, 20% yellow, 20% red, 10% orange, 10% green, and 10% blue. To test this claim, a

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